nervous system physiology 7
... Normally, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are continually active, and the basal rates of activity are known, respectively, as sympathetic tone and parasympathetic tone. The value of tone is that it allows a single nervous system both to increase and to decrease the activity of a stimulat ...
... Normally, the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems are continually active, and the basal rates of activity are known, respectively, as sympathetic tone and parasympathetic tone. The value of tone is that it allows a single nervous system both to increase and to decrease the activity of a stimulat ...
Cognitive neuroscience lecture
... STM/LTM distinction or novelty (MTL) and resistance to distraction (frontal) • Ranganath & Blumenfeld (2005) argue that MTL binds novel items together in single representation. STM storage can be disrupted in patients with MT damage when items are novel (novel items rarely used in most STM studies) ...
... STM/LTM distinction or novelty (MTL) and resistance to distraction (frontal) • Ranganath & Blumenfeld (2005) argue that MTL binds novel items together in single representation. STM storage can be disrupted in patients with MT damage when items are novel (novel items rarely used in most STM studies) ...
Physiol. Res. 49: 000
... 1000 Hz. As the frequency of postsynaptic pulses decreased to 200 Hz, the intersection between the stochastic and deterministic curves appeared (F). The difference between the stochastic and deterministic σs,e curves was of the order of σs,e values generated by stimulating with regular rectangular p ...
... 1000 Hz. As the frequency of postsynaptic pulses decreased to 200 Hz, the intersection between the stochastic and deterministic curves appeared (F). The difference between the stochastic and deterministic σs,e curves was of the order of σs,e values generated by stimulating with regular rectangular p ...
Resting Potential
... • A resting neuron is one not sending an impulse & is in resting potential • The cell membrane of this neuron is polarized b/c of an un= distribution of ions on either side • Outside the neuron – • Inside the neuron – ...
... • A resting neuron is one not sending an impulse & is in resting potential • The cell membrane of this neuron is polarized b/c of an un= distribution of ions on either side • Outside the neuron – • Inside the neuron – ...
Motor Function_2 - bloodhounds Incorporated
... • Common in people of both sexes between ages 30 and 50 • Can replace the Schwann cells • New myelin sheath is thin and subject to injury ...
... • Common in people of both sexes between ages 30 and 50 • Can replace the Schwann cells • New myelin sheath is thin and subject to injury ...
Action potential
... The synaptic terminal releases a neurotransmitter that binds to the postsynaptic plasma membrane Produces temporary, localized change in permeability or function of postsynaptic cell Changes affect cell, depending on nature and number of stimulated receptors ...
... The synaptic terminal releases a neurotransmitter that binds to the postsynaptic plasma membrane Produces temporary, localized change in permeability or function of postsynaptic cell Changes affect cell, depending on nature and number of stimulated receptors ...
Dear Notetaker:
... o Na and K leak channels o Na/K ATPase o Anionic proteins o Most cells more K channels than NA, closer to equilibrium potential of K Know the parts of the action potential o Na and K voltage gated channels -> when they are opened and closed o K = one gate, Na = two gates (activation and inactivation ...
... o Na and K leak channels o Na/K ATPase o Anionic proteins o Most cells more K channels than NA, closer to equilibrium potential of K Know the parts of the action potential o Na and K voltage gated channels -> when they are opened and closed o K = one gate, Na = two gates (activation and inactivation ...
01. Sensory
... removed from the site of the pain stimulus, a phenomenon known as referred pain. Alternative Classification: Bio 108/508 lec. 1 - p. 2 a. exteroceptors: associated with the skin, e.g. Pacinian and Meissner’s corpuscles, temperature receptors b. proprioceptors: associated with muscles, tendons and jo ...
... removed from the site of the pain stimulus, a phenomenon known as referred pain. Alternative Classification: Bio 108/508 lec. 1 - p. 2 a. exteroceptors: associated with the skin, e.g. Pacinian and Meissner’s corpuscles, temperature receptors b. proprioceptors: associated with muscles, tendons and jo ...
PNS Terminology
... – Interneurons that provide input to the local circuit and LMNs – essential for planning, initiating and directing sequences of voluntary movements – extend from the brain to the LMNs via two types of somatic motor pathways • 1. direct motor pathways: nerve impulses for precise voluntary movement – ...
... – Interneurons that provide input to the local circuit and LMNs – essential for planning, initiating and directing sequences of voluntary movements – extend from the brain to the LMNs via two types of somatic motor pathways • 1. direct motor pathways: nerve impulses for precise voluntary movement – ...
Unit: Regulation Notes
... - life process that helps keep conditions inside the body constant (homeostasis) • Regulation is accomplished using the Nervous System and the Endocrine ...
... - life process that helps keep conditions inside the body constant (homeostasis) • Regulation is accomplished using the Nervous System and the Endocrine ...
Peripheral Nervous System
... (Brain and Spinal Cord) The Peripheral Nervous System made up of nerves that lie outside the central nervous system. Carries impulses to and from the central nervous system ...
... (Brain and Spinal Cord) The Peripheral Nervous System made up of nerves that lie outside the central nervous system. Carries impulses to and from the central nervous system ...
4-6_SynTransRecycofNeurotrans_KotekZs
... Successful and fast communication between nerve cells is crucial and made possible by neurotransmitters in the central and peripheral nervous system.Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released from neurons to communicate with another nerve cells,muscle cells or gland cells through a synapse.T ...
... Successful and fast communication between nerve cells is crucial and made possible by neurotransmitters in the central and peripheral nervous system.Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers released from neurons to communicate with another nerve cells,muscle cells or gland cells through a synapse.T ...
Chapter 18: Senses - Johnston Community College
... 3) free nerve endings (root hair plexus) around hair follicles all detect touch. Three different types of pressure receptors are Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and Krause end bulbs. Temperature receptors are simply free nerve endings in the epidermis; some are responsive to cold and others a ...
... 3) free nerve endings (root hair plexus) around hair follicles all detect touch. Three different types of pressure receptors are Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini endings, and Krause end bulbs. Temperature receptors are simply free nerve endings in the epidermis; some are responsive to cold and others a ...
BIOLOGICAL BASES OF BEHAVIOR
... • Positive ions will flow into the neuron if not stopped or pumped out by the membrane. This is called the electrical potential, which is measured in millivolts. • The resting potential is the neuron’s usual charge, which is –70 millivolts. • When the resting potential has changed enough, about +10 ...
... • Positive ions will flow into the neuron if not stopped or pumped out by the membrane. This is called the electrical potential, which is measured in millivolts. • The resting potential is the neuron’s usual charge, which is –70 millivolts. • When the resting potential has changed enough, about +10 ...
Slide 1
... Ex. Smells: the garbage begins to smell in one spot, but the smell slowly expands throughout the house The smell gets lighter and lighter as it expands throughout the house It tries to spread out as evenly as possible ...
... Ex. Smells: the garbage begins to smell in one spot, but the smell slowly expands throughout the house The smell gets lighter and lighter as it expands throughout the house It tries to spread out as evenly as possible ...
The Synaptic Cleft or Synapse
... A neuron’s axon ends in many small swellings called axon terminals. At the axon terminal the neuron may meet dendrites of another axon or an effector, like a muscle or gland. The space where neurons meet other neurons or effectors is called the synapse. There are presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic ...
... A neuron’s axon ends in many small swellings called axon terminals. At the axon terminal the neuron may meet dendrites of another axon or an effector, like a muscle or gland. The space where neurons meet other neurons or effectors is called the synapse. There are presynaptic neurons and postsynaptic ...
Chapter 15
... Patient: Pt. is a 78 y.o. female who has been residing at the nursing home for the last 3 years. She was originally admitted to the nursing home following amputation of both legs below the knee. This was necessary secondary to diabetes that results in gradual neuropathy and loss of vascular circulat ...
... Patient: Pt. is a 78 y.o. female who has been residing at the nursing home for the last 3 years. She was originally admitted to the nursing home following amputation of both legs below the knee. This was necessary secondary to diabetes that results in gradual neuropathy and loss of vascular circulat ...
Facial nerve
... Inflammatory facial nerve lesions can be demonstrated by MRI after gadolinium Today, the best and most widely used contrast administration. Otogenic and topodiagnostic tests are computed tomography traumatic facial paralysis should always be (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). evaluated by t ...
... Inflammatory facial nerve lesions can be demonstrated by MRI after gadolinium Today, the best and most widely used contrast administration. Otogenic and topodiagnostic tests are computed tomography traumatic facial paralysis should always be (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). evaluated by t ...
SCandSN 08
... Nerve = bundle of nerve fibers in PNS (mixed) Tract = bundle of nerve fibers in the CNS (mixed) Ganglion = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in PNS Nucleus = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS ...
... Nerve = bundle of nerve fibers in PNS (mixed) Tract = bundle of nerve fibers in the CNS (mixed) Ganglion = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in PNS Nucleus = cluster of neuronal cell bodies in the CNS ...
True or False Questions - Sinoe Medical Association
... a. Neurotransmitter release is triggered by calcium influx through voltagesensitive calcium channels, which open in response to the depolarization produced by the arrival of an action potential in the synaptic terminal. b. Neurotransmitter is released from the synaptic terminal by exocytosis, when s ...
... a. Neurotransmitter release is triggered by calcium influx through voltagesensitive calcium channels, which open in response to the depolarization produced by the arrival of an action potential in the synaptic terminal. b. Neurotransmitter is released from the synaptic terminal by exocytosis, when s ...
Principles of patch-‐clamp electrical recording
... -‐ The command voltage is set by the experimenter (ie – 60mV). -‐ The difference between the membrane voltage (Vm) and the command voltage (Vc) is measured by the amplifier. -‐ If Vm is n ...
... -‐ The command voltage is set by the experimenter (ie – 60mV). -‐ The difference between the membrane voltage (Vm) and the command voltage (Vc) is measured by the amplifier. -‐ If Vm is n ...
210_Lecture6_motor
... Treatments include medications that suppress the immune system or inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ...
... Treatments include medications that suppress the immune system or inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.