Keshara Senanayake Page # 1 -an individual nerve cells is called
... >causes specific types of ion channels in postsynaptic membrane to open --> ion flow across plasma membrane along concentration gradients -> flow of ions in postsynaptic neuron causes small (brief) changes in electrical charge called the postsynaptic potential (PSP) >type of PSP depends on type of c ...
... >causes specific types of ion channels in postsynaptic membrane to open --> ion flow across plasma membrane along concentration gradients -> flow of ions in postsynaptic neuron causes small (brief) changes in electrical charge called the postsynaptic potential (PSP) >type of PSP depends on type of c ...
The Nervous System
... sheath, a wrapping of lipid which: – Protects the axon and electrically isolates it – Increases the rate of AP transmission ...
... sheath, a wrapping of lipid which: – Protects the axon and electrically isolates it – Increases the rate of AP transmission ...
ch 16 sensory motor systems
... consists of four stages, each of which gradually merges into the next. Each stage has been identified by EEG recordings . 2) Most dreaming occurs during rapid eye movement sleep. C. Learning and Memory 1. Learning is the ability to acquire new knowledge or skills through instruction or experience. M ...
... consists of four stages, each of which gradually merges into the next. Each stage has been identified by EEG recordings . 2) Most dreaming occurs during rapid eye movement sleep. C. Learning and Memory 1. Learning is the ability to acquire new knowledge or skills through instruction or experience. M ...
`Mirror` neuron system Premotor cortex
... egocentric. The beginnings of symbolic rather than simple motor play. Transductive reasoning. Can think about something without the object being present by use of language. ...
... egocentric. The beginnings of symbolic rather than simple motor play. Transductive reasoning. Can think about something without the object being present by use of language. ...
Cranial Nerves
... brain and spinal cord • clear liquid • nutritive and protective • helps maintain stable ion concentrations in CNS •Reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations ...
... brain and spinal cord • clear liquid • nutritive and protective • helps maintain stable ion concentrations in CNS •Reabsorbed by arachnoid granulations ...
Lecture 2b - Rio Hondo College
... circadian rhythms, temperature control Emotional behavior Fight or flight responses Termed a “pleasure center” ...
... circadian rhythms, temperature control Emotional behavior Fight or flight responses Termed a “pleasure center” ...
TABLE OF CONTENTS - Test Bank, Manual Solution, Solution Manual
... potential) occurs before the membrane returns to its normal resting potential (this is due to potassium gates opening wider than usual, allowing potassium to continue to exit past the resting potential). e. After the action potential, the neuron has more sodium and fewer potassium ions for a short p ...
... potential) occurs before the membrane returns to its normal resting potential (this is due to potassium gates opening wider than usual, allowing potassium to continue to exit past the resting potential). e. After the action potential, the neuron has more sodium and fewer potassium ions for a short p ...
NEUROCHEMISTRY & NEUROTRANSMITTERS
... THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED WITH A PROTEIN COMPLEX OF SYNTAXINSYNAPTOBREVIN-SNAP25 MOLECULES. THESE MOLECULES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO ALSO CONTINUE IN THE FORMATION OF PORES IN THE FUSED MEMBRANES EITHER BY “FULL COLLAPSE” OR “KISSAND-RUN” MECHANISMS. THE FULL COLLAPSE MECHANISM CAUSES THE COMPLETE EMPTYING ...
... THIS IS ACCOMPLISHED WITH A PROTEIN COMPLEX OF SYNTAXINSYNAPTOBREVIN-SNAP25 MOLECULES. THESE MOLECULES HAVE BEEN PROPOSED TO ALSO CONTINUE IN THE FORMATION OF PORES IN THE FUSED MEMBRANES EITHER BY “FULL COLLAPSE” OR “KISSAND-RUN” MECHANISMS. THE FULL COLLAPSE MECHANISM CAUSES THE COMPLETE EMPTYING ...
Nervous System - An-Najah Staff - An
... negative); hyperpolarization is an increase in membrane potential (inside becomes more negative). • Graded potentials are small, brief, local changes in membrane potential that act as short-distance signals. • The current produced dissipates with distance. ...
... negative); hyperpolarization is an increase in membrane potential (inside becomes more negative). • Graded potentials are small, brief, local changes in membrane potential that act as short-distance signals. • The current produced dissipates with distance. ...
chapter 7 the nervous system
... Cell Body – the metabolic center of the neuron; contains organelles Nucleus – center of the cell Mitochondrion – gives the cell its energy Nissl Substance – the rough ER that maintains the shape of the cell Dendrites – convey incoming messages TOWARD the cell body Axons – convey incoming messages AW ...
... Cell Body – the metabolic center of the neuron; contains organelles Nucleus – center of the cell Mitochondrion – gives the cell its energy Nissl Substance – the rough ER that maintains the shape of the cell Dendrites – convey incoming messages TOWARD the cell body Axons – convey incoming messages AW ...
Mechanisms of Neuropathic Pain - International Association for the
... derive from neurons, glia, blood-borne mediators, and invading immune cells. Many of the molecules implicated in central sensitization also contribute to the process of long-term potentiation, which is considered a substrate for memory generation and consolidation. In this respect, the neuropathic p ...
... derive from neurons, glia, blood-borne mediators, and invading immune cells. Many of the molecules implicated in central sensitization also contribute to the process of long-term potentiation, which is considered a substrate for memory generation and consolidation. In this respect, the neuropathic p ...
Neurons
... Positively charged potassium and sodium and negatively charged chloride ions flow back and forth across the cell membrane, but do NOT cross at the same rate HIGHER CONCENTRATION of negatively charged ions inside the cell------ resulting voltage/potential energy RESTING POTENTIAL- stable, nega ...
... Positively charged potassium and sodium and negatively charged chloride ions flow back and forth across the cell membrane, but do NOT cross at the same rate HIGHER CONCENTRATION of negatively charged ions inside the cell------ resulting voltage/potential energy RESTING POTENTIAL- stable, nega ...
of 17 Keywords A-waves Sometimes called Axon
... the spinal cord the Ia afferents synapse with the alpha motor neurons that activate that muscle and a CMAP is produced completing the reflex arc. ...
... the spinal cord the Ia afferents synapse with the alpha motor neurons that activate that muscle and a CMAP is produced completing the reflex arc. ...
Instructor`s Answer Key
... 2. The generator (receptor) potential is a graded depolarization that is produced by sensory nerve endings (receptors) and is analogous in its characteristics to an EPSP. The greater the stimulus intensity, the greater the amplitude of the generator potential. Once threshold depolarization has been ...
... 2. The generator (receptor) potential is a graded depolarization that is produced by sensory nerve endings (receptors) and is analogous in its characteristics to an EPSP. The greater the stimulus intensity, the greater the amplitude of the generator potential. Once threshold depolarization has been ...
Ch 10MT and Ch 8-9 BS Nervous System
... Innervation: supply of nerves to body part, stimulation of a body part through action of nerves Receptors: sites in sensory organs that receive external stimulation Send stimulus through the sensory neurons to the brain for interpretation Stimulus: excites or activated nerve causing an impulse ...
... Innervation: supply of nerves to body part, stimulation of a body part through action of nerves Receptors: sites in sensory organs that receive external stimulation Send stimulus through the sensory neurons to the brain for interpretation Stimulus: excites or activated nerve causing an impulse ...
Ch. 50 - Ltcconline.net
... 3. relaxed, contracting and contracted muscle. 4. filaments themselves don’t change shape, they over lap. 5. a whole muscle can contract to about .5 resting length 6. what makes filaments slide in muscle contraction 7. Muscle structure relates to function Motor Neurons stimulate muscle contraction 1 ...
... 3. relaxed, contracting and contracted muscle. 4. filaments themselves don’t change shape, they over lap. 5. a whole muscle can contract to about .5 resting length 6. what makes filaments slide in muscle contraction 7. Muscle structure relates to function Motor Neurons stimulate muscle contraction 1 ...
Action Potential Web Quest
... 5. There are about ______________ neurons in the brain as well as ______________ of support cells called _____________________. 6. There are 3 major types of glial cells. Name each of the 3 and explain their function: ...
... 5. There are about ______________ neurons in the brain as well as ______________ of support cells called _____________________. 6. There are 3 major types of glial cells. Name each of the 3 and explain their function: ...
nerve part 1
... • The stimulus ↑es the permeability of the cell membrane (several hundred folds) to Na ions, which diffuse inside causing gradual change in the membrane potential from the resting potential (-70m.v) to the threshold potential or the firing level (-55m.v). • At -55m.v, m gates of the voltage activate ...
... • The stimulus ↑es the permeability of the cell membrane (several hundred folds) to Na ions, which diffuse inside causing gradual change in the membrane potential from the resting potential (-70m.v) to the threshold potential or the firing level (-55m.v). • At -55m.v, m gates of the voltage activate ...
Chapter 10 Somatic and Special Senses
... Inner layer: The inner tunic consists of the _________________, which contains photoreceptors; The inner tunic covers the back side of the eye to the ciliary body. In the center is the yellow area, the _______________ _______________ with the _____________ _________ in its center, the point of sharp ...
... Inner layer: The inner tunic consists of the _________________, which contains photoreceptors; The inner tunic covers the back side of the eye to the ciliary body. In the center is the yellow area, the _______________ _______________ with the _____________ _________ in its center, the point of sharp ...
Nerves and Special Senses
... – Fewer positive ions are inside the cell than outside the cell • Depolarization – a stimulus depolarizes the neuron’s membrane • A deploarized membrane allows sodium (Na+) to flow inside the membrane • The exchange of ions initiates an action potential in the neuron Figure 7.9a–c ...
... – Fewer positive ions are inside the cell than outside the cell • Depolarization – a stimulus depolarizes the neuron’s membrane • A deploarized membrane allows sodium (Na+) to flow inside the membrane • The exchange of ions initiates an action potential in the neuron Figure 7.9a–c ...
AP Practice unit 3 and 4
... 74. French psychiatrist Joseph Capgras described a patient who reported that imposters had replaced her husband, children, and herself. Her inability to recognize the faces of her close family members or herself suggests that the A) right hemisphere of her brain was damaged. B) corpus callosum had b ...
... 74. French psychiatrist Joseph Capgras described a patient who reported that imposters had replaced her husband, children, and herself. Her inability to recognize the faces of her close family members or herself suggests that the A) right hemisphere of her brain was damaged. B) corpus callosum had b ...
Skeletal Muscle
... of visceral reflexes that require constant monitoring by the internal body systems. Reflexes like coughing, swallowing, sneezing, or vomiting are considered to autonomic, however, these reflexes require at least some participation of the skeletal muscles. Somatic reflexes refer to those that include ...
... of visceral reflexes that require constant monitoring by the internal body systems. Reflexes like coughing, swallowing, sneezing, or vomiting are considered to autonomic, however, these reflexes require at least some participation of the skeletal muscles. Somatic reflexes refer to those that include ...
Nervous System
... ________at first part of axon contains many voltage gated sodium channels Voltage gated Na+ channels open in response to threshold As Na+ moves in the membrane depolarizes until it reaches +30 mV (action potential) Na+ channels close and K+ channels open K+ moves out and membrane repolarizes As memb ...
... ________at first part of axon contains many voltage gated sodium channels Voltage gated Na+ channels open in response to threshold As Na+ moves in the membrane depolarizes until it reaches +30 mV (action potential) Na+ channels close and K+ channels open K+ moves out and membrane repolarizes As memb ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.