Sensation and Perception Unit IV
... – You will not consciously notice you are affected by this stimuli ...
... – You will not consciously notice you are affected by this stimuli ...
Unit 09 Direction Sheet - Sonoma Valley High School
... Chapter 12 “Introduction To The Human Body” ...
... Chapter 12 “Introduction To The Human Body” ...
PNS
... Example : Muscle spindle • The figure shows the graded responses of the muscle spindles when the muscle is ...
... Example : Muscle spindle • The figure shows the graded responses of the muscle spindles when the muscle is ...
2Nervous_system
... Exception to the antagonism rule: Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems work cooperatively to achieve male sexual function. Parasympathetic nerves is responsible for erection while sympathetic nerves are responsible for ejaculation. There’s similar ANS cooperation in the female sexual response. ...
... Exception to the antagonism rule: Sympathetic and parasympathetic systems work cooperatively to achieve male sexual function. Parasympathetic nerves is responsible for erection while sympathetic nerves are responsible for ejaculation. There’s similar ANS cooperation in the female sexual response. ...
NERVE SYSTEM The nervous system is divided anatomically into
... Like the cerebellum, the cerebrum also has a cortex of gray matter and a central area of white matter in which are found nuclei of gray matter. The surface of the cerebrum is increased by many gyri, which are elevations separated by depressions (sulci) (Fig.5). The cerebral cortex is the 600-g gray ...
... Like the cerebellum, the cerebrum also has a cortex of gray matter and a central area of white matter in which are found nuclei of gray matter. The surface of the cerebrum is increased by many gyri, which are elevations separated by depressions (sulci) (Fig.5). The cerebral cortex is the 600-g gray ...
Tutorial 10: Temporal and Spatial Summation Figure 10: Temporal
... the dendritic tree have shed light on mechanisms underlying spatial summation. One recent study has described the attenuation of action potentials during the coincident stimulation of EPSPs at two separate points of the dendritic tree (Kogo & Ariel, 1999). Two distinct responses are distinguished ba ...
... the dendritic tree have shed light on mechanisms underlying spatial summation. One recent study has described the attenuation of action potentials during the coincident stimulation of EPSPs at two separate points of the dendritic tree (Kogo & Ariel, 1999). Two distinct responses are distinguished ba ...
Motor systems
... 1. Specialized sensory receptors (spindles and tendon organs) in the muscle provide feedback to the CNS regarding the amount the muscle stretch and tension. 2. Muscle spindles are located within the muscle and provide signals on the muscle length. The length of the muscle and changes in length are c ...
... 1. Specialized sensory receptors (spindles and tendon organs) in the muscle provide feedback to the CNS regarding the amount the muscle stretch and tension. 2. Muscle spindles are located within the muscle and provide signals on the muscle length. The length of the muscle and changes in length are c ...
Ch48(2) - ISpatula
... B) The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. C) The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential than the terminals of the axon. D) Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction. E) Voltage-gated channels for both Na + and K+ open in only one direction. An ...
... B) The brief refractory period prevents reopening of voltage-gated Na+ channels. C) The axon hillock has a higher membrane potential than the terminals of the axon. D) Ions can flow along the axon in only one direction. E) Voltage-gated channels for both Na + and K+ open in only one direction. An ...
Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes
... - The lumbar plexus includes ventral rami of spinal nerves T12-L4. - The major nerves of the lumbar plexus include the genitofemoral nerve, the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and the femoral nerve. - The sacral plexus includes ventral rami of spinal nerves L4-S4. - The major nerves of the sacral p ...
... - The lumbar plexus includes ventral rami of spinal nerves T12-L4. - The major nerves of the lumbar plexus include the genitofemoral nerve, the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and the femoral nerve. - The sacral plexus includes ventral rami of spinal nerves L4-S4. - The major nerves of the sacral p ...
sense organs
... – conversion of stimulus energy (light, heat, touch, sound, etc.) into nerve signals – sense organ, gasoline engine, light bulb are all transducers ...
... – conversion of stimulus energy (light, heat, touch, sound, etc.) into nerve signals – sense organ, gasoline engine, light bulb are all transducers ...
CH 14 brain cranial nerves shortened for test 4 A and P 2016
... the brain is very complex but scientists have located - gross anatomical structures such as a lobe or gyrus - internal structures for motor, sensory, or integrative functions - specific area which deal with specific functions - the role of the brain as a sensory and motor organ ...
... the brain is very complex but scientists have located - gross anatomical structures such as a lobe or gyrus - internal structures for motor, sensory, or integrative functions - specific area which deal with specific functions - the role of the brain as a sensory and motor organ ...
Neurons
... Refractory period - The “recharging phase” when a neuron, after firing, cannot generate another action potential ...
... Refractory period - The “recharging phase” when a neuron, after firing, cannot generate another action potential ...
Biology of the Mind Neural and Hormonal Systems
... ▪ a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon ▪ generated by the movement of positively charged ions in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane ...
... ▪ a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon ▪ generated by the movement of positively charged ions in and out of channels in the axon’s membrane ...
Chapter 3
... • The classes of sensory modalities are general senses and special senses. – The general senses include both somatic and visceral senses, which provide information about conditions within internal organs. – The special senses include the modalities of smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium. ...
... • The classes of sensory modalities are general senses and special senses. – The general senses include both somatic and visceral senses, which provide information about conditions within internal organs. – The special senses include the modalities of smell, taste, vision, hearing, and equilibrium. ...
上海市第六人民医院
... Good to moderate movement of forehead. Complete eye closure with minimum effort. Slight asymmetry of mouth with movement III Normal tone and symmetry at rest. Obvious but not disfiguring facial asymmetry. Synkinesis may be noticeable but not severe .+/hemifacial spasm or contracture. Slight to moder ...
... Good to moderate movement of forehead. Complete eye closure with minimum effort. Slight asymmetry of mouth with movement III Normal tone and symmetry at rest. Obvious but not disfiguring facial asymmetry. Synkinesis may be noticeable but not severe .+/hemifacial spasm or contracture. Slight to moder ...
L11Nervous tissue strusture 11
... myelin sheath. Microglia are phagocytic macrophages that provide a protective function by engulfing microorganisms and cellular debris. Ependymal cells line the fluid-filled cavities of the brain and spinal cord. Many are ciliated. Two kinds of neuroglia are found in PNS: Schwann cells (neurolemmocy ...
... myelin sheath. Microglia are phagocytic macrophages that provide a protective function by engulfing microorganisms and cellular debris. Ependymal cells line the fluid-filled cavities of the brain and spinal cord. Many are ciliated. Two kinds of neuroglia are found in PNS: Schwann cells (neurolemmocy ...
neuro 04 brainstem student
... Loss of pain and temperature on the contralateral side (spinothalamic tract) Loss of pain and temperature on the same side of the face and nasal and oral cavities (uncrossed spinal trigeminal tract) Difficulty swallowing and a hoarse, weak voice. Due to damage to nucleus ambiguus Loss of gag reflex ...
... Loss of pain and temperature on the contralateral side (spinothalamic tract) Loss of pain and temperature on the same side of the face and nasal and oral cavities (uncrossed spinal trigeminal tract) Difficulty swallowing and a hoarse, weak voice. Due to damage to nucleus ambiguus Loss of gag reflex ...
Central Control of Motor Function
... Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum The basal ganglia and cerebellum are large collections of nuclei that modify movement on a minute-to-minute basis. The motor cortex sends information to both, and both structures send information back via the thalamus. Output of the cerebellum is excitatory and inhibi ...
... Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum The basal ganglia and cerebellum are large collections of nuclei that modify movement on a minute-to-minute basis. The motor cortex sends information to both, and both structures send information back via the thalamus. Output of the cerebellum is excitatory and inhibi ...
An implantable electrode design for both chronic in vivo
... superficial extensors (sem’s ) are considered to be responsible for the positioning of the abdomen (Kennedy and Takeda, 1965a,b; Parnas and Atwood, 1966). The design of the implanted electrode presented here allowed us to monitor neuronal activity in the distal part of the N2 of the crayfish while l ...
... superficial extensors (sem’s ) are considered to be responsible for the positioning of the abdomen (Kennedy and Takeda, 1965a,b; Parnas and Atwood, 1966). The design of the implanted electrode presented here allowed us to monitor neuronal activity in the distal part of the N2 of the crayfish while l ...
Congenital Insensitivity to Pain with Anhidrosis
... The tests revealed a loss of small myelinated and unmyelinated Þbers but normal large myelinated Þbers in the sural nerve (2). It was also noted that the axon size was larger than normal in both patients. Guo discusses that there appears, like in many congenital diseases, no increase in the loss of ...
... The tests revealed a loss of small myelinated and unmyelinated Þbers but normal large myelinated Þbers in the sural nerve (2). It was also noted that the axon size was larger than normal in both patients. Guo discusses that there appears, like in many congenital diseases, no increase in the loss of ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... • Most directly controls activity of _____________ system. • Location of centers for control of cardiovascular, pulmonary, urinary, reproductive and digestive systems. ...
... • Most directly controls activity of _____________ system. • Location of centers for control of cardiovascular, pulmonary, urinary, reproductive and digestive systems. ...
Lecture Exam 2 Study Guide
... relative concentrations are these ions found inside and outside of the cell? - What is the resting membrane potential in a neuron? What is the main ion responsible for it? - What causes electrical signals in neurons? What causes depolarization? Repolarization? Hyperpolarization? What ions and ion ch ...
... relative concentrations are these ions found inside and outside of the cell? - What is the resting membrane potential in a neuron? What is the main ion responsible for it? - What causes electrical signals in neurons? What causes depolarization? Repolarization? Hyperpolarization? What ions and ion ch ...
The All or None Law - twynham a level pe
... The body processes several internal regulatory mechanisms to ensure that we have safe and smooth movement 1) Proprioceptors These are sense organs located in joints, tendons and muscles which provide kinaesthetic feedback concerning the body’s movement. This informs the body of the extend of movemen ...
... The body processes several internal regulatory mechanisms to ensure that we have safe and smooth movement 1) Proprioceptors These are sense organs located in joints, tendons and muscles which provide kinaesthetic feedback concerning the body’s movement. This informs the body of the extend of movemen ...
Neurons - Images
... When the threshold stimulus is applied to an axon it responds completely by conducting the impulse (all-or-nothing response). The result is that all impulses carried on a particular axon is of the same strength. Greater intensity of stimulation triggers more impulses per second, not stronger impulse ...
... When the threshold stimulus is applied to an axon it responds completely by conducting the impulse (all-or-nothing response). The result is that all impulses carried on a particular axon is of the same strength. Greater intensity of stimulation triggers more impulses per second, not stronger impulse ...
Rheobase
Rheobase is a measure of membrane excitability. In neuroscience, rheobase is the minimal current amplitude of infinite duration (in a practical sense, about 300 milliseconds) that results in the depolarization threshold of the cell membranes being reached, such as an action potential or the contraction of a muscle. In Greek, the root ""rhe"" translates to current or flow, and ""basi"" means bottom or foundation: thus the rheobase is the minimum current that will produce an action potential or muscle contraction.Rheobase can be best understood in the context of the strength-duration relationship (Fig. 1). The ease with which a membrane can be stimulated depends on two variables: the strength of the stimulus, and the duration for which the stimulus is applied. These variables are inversely related: as the strength of the applied current increases, the time required to stimulate the membrane decreases (and vice versa) to maintain a constant effect. Mathematically, rheobase is equivalent to half the current that needs to be applied for the duration of chronaxie, which is a strength-duration time constant that corresponds to the duration of time that elicits a response when the nerve is stimulated at twice rheobasic strength.The strength-duration curve was first discovered by G. Weiss in 1901, but it was not until 1909 that Louis Lapicque coined the term ""rheobase"". Many studies are being conducted in relation to rheobase values and the dynamic changes throughout maturation and between different nerve fibers. In the past strength-duration curves and rheobase determinations were used to assess nerve injury; today, they play a role in clinical identification of many neurological pathologies, including as Diabetic neuropathy, CIDP, Machado-Joseph Disease, and ALS.