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Constructing grammatical meaning
Constructing grammatical meaning

... helps differentiate among the patterns has to be simply stipulated, as ad hoc conditions fundamentally unrelated to the phenomenon of reflexivity. More recent treatments have focused their attention on semantics, recasting the search for the common property in terms of a basic meaning of the ...
view/Open[13801982] - S
view/Open[13801982] - S

... come from the transformations involved? Needless to say, tra nsfor mation, in principle, does not change the meaning of sentence. There are many different views current on the nature of deep structure or 'the deep level'. The following view of D.T. Langendoen' s may be among the popular ones (Langen ...
NP Movement into Theta-positions and Unexpected Behavior of
NP Movement into Theta-positions and Unexpected Behavior of

... Whether an NP moves into theta position or not has been controversial. Chomsky (1986, 1995) claims that such a movement is disallowed. While Pesetsky (1992) and Bošković (1997) argue that such a movement is possible in ECM construction. Saito (2001), analyzing resultative constructions of English, c ...
Dutch and German verb clusters in Performance
Dutch and German verb clusters in Performance

... only agreement features but also positional features. While their values are determined as part of the unification process. A simplified example is provided in Figure 8 by the placement of the past participle gerepareerd of example (1). The “CMPtype” feature on the CoMPlement S-node in the lexical f ...
Spanish 1 - Allen ISD
Spanish 1 - Allen ISD

... (C) By the end of Level I, students of logographic languages should perform on a Novice Mid proficiency level for reading and writing. In listening and speaking, students of logographic languages should perform on a Novice Mid to Novice High proficiency level. (D) Students who have fully or partiall ...
2. THAT Complement Clauses - Universitatea din Craiova
2. THAT Complement Clauses - Universitatea din Craiova

... The sentences in each of the pairs above exhibit marked syntactic resemblance, but there is a sharp semantic contrast between them: they express opposite truth values (if (a) is true, then (b) is false). This implies that sentences (a) and (b) cannot be related transformationally, i.e. we cannot der ...
Serial Verbs in Ibibio - KU ScholarWorks
Serial Verbs in Ibibio - KU ScholarWorks

... ((16)a) shows that the tense marker can only occur before V1 in a V1 V2 Obj serial verb construction. When the construction contains an overt conjunction, however, repetition of the tense marker immediately before the conjunction nyÁng is allowed. Furthermore, there is a difference in interpretation ...
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The Position of Direct and Indirect Objects of Ditransitive Verbs

... A specific feature of the English verb is that it has a potential for occurring in various clause structures and for combining with other clause elements. This feature is called valency (Allerton, 1982, p. 2). Regarding the valency of the English verb, Allerton (1982, pp. 5, 36) states that subject ...
November 20, 2003 Chapter 16 Lexical Semantics
November 20, 2003 Chapter 16 Lexical Semantics

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On the Origin and History of the English Prepositional Type A

... seemingly, the following: before 1200, unstressed on before a consonant was weakened to o or a (an before a vowel). This an later resulted in a, which is the reduced form of the full preposition, a process which has been referred to as aphesis by Jespersen (A Modern English Grammar IV 168-69,205). W ...
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The Germanic Weak Preterite

... also [CV̆C] words. Such a word minimality requirement will block word-final Vdeletion (apocope) in disyllables after a short syllable, viz. [CV̆CV]ω 6→ [CV̆C]ω . Finnish is an example of just this prosodic constellation. Monosyllabic words may be of the form CV̄C, but CV̆C words are excluded, for th ...
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Verbal inflection and overflow auxiliaries

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Adding Adjectives and Adverbs From

... Many verbs express action that is performed by the subject. There are thousands of such verbs in English. The following are examples. ...
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Double Double, Morphology and Trouble: Looking into

... values for the VOICE attribute in their f-structure attribute value matrices. This means, from an implementation point of view, there would have to be a semantic identity check to ensure both verbs have the same verb stem. For this implementation reason, we choose to keep this as a process within th ...
Annotating Honorifics Denoting Social Ranking of Referents
Annotating Honorifics Denoting Social Ranking of Referents

... identification of zero pronouns relies heavily on ...
UNIVERSITY OF PARDUBICE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES ASPECT IN ENGLISH AND CZECH
UNIVERSITY OF PARDUBICE FACULTY OF HUMANITIES ASPECT IN ENGLISH AND CZECH

... the way in which the verb action is regarded or experienced with respect to time." (Quirk, Greenbaum and others 1996, 188) Huddleston adds that the terminological distinction between tense and time has no well-established analogue in the domain of aspect and that the one term 'aspect' is widely used ...
Preparatory Booklet - The Open University
Preparatory Booklet - The Open University

... Before you start work on your Latin, I would advise you to look through the booklet briefly to familiarize yourself with the range of topics covered. If you have a lot of time at your disposal and wish to attempt all the exercises then by all means do so, but you should also feel free to be selectiv ...
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Let`s go look at usage: A constructional approach to

... The first observation is that the grammatical examples occur with either first or second person subjects and/or in various non-finite or imperative syntactic environments: a let’s-construction in (1b), an imperative in (1c), a subjunctive in (1d), and do-support in (1e). In other words, the go-VERB ...
KISS Level 2. 2. The Complexities of Prepositional Phrases
KISS Level 2. 2. The Complexities of Prepositional Phrases

... Adapted from Ovid ...
Päike sulatas suure jääpurika ära.
Päike sulatas suure jääpurika ära.

... semantics of a verb’s arguments which are lexically listed for each verb in terms of a set of θ-roles, as variables in lexical-conceptual structures or as argument structures. In these models there is no room for event-semantic notions such as ...
A Brief Syntactic Typology of Philippine Languages
A Brief Syntactic Typology of Philippine Languages

... Starosta (to appear) notes that “Lexicase case roles differ from conventional Fillmorean case grammar and other ‘thematic relation’ systems in that lexicase case relations are established by grammatical criteria rather than subjective language-independent situational ones. As a consequence, lexicase ...
Orf, Amy - Ohio State University Knowledge Bank
Orf, Amy - Ohio State University Knowledge Bank

... verb an auxiliary of the progressive, another author will state specifically that it is not an auxiliary. A few scholars argue that auxiliaries don't even exist, that they are only main verbs. Heine finds that auxiliaries cannot be completely distinguished from main verbs, but that a continuum, or " ...
Journal of Linguistics Bare nominals and incorporating verbs in
Journal of Linguistics Bare nominals and incorporating verbs in

... close.1SG the door close.1SG the door ‘I’m closing the door. ’ Rather than stipulating when a null D is or is not possible, it seems more reasonable to develop an account of when a BN might or might not be possible. It turns out that BNs are possible not only in Spanish and Catalan. Various studies ...
verbal prefixes and suffixes in nominalization - FRITT
verbal prefixes and suffixes in nominalization - FRITT

... verb can be prefixed with o- to give a perfective O-pisa-t’ ‘to describe’, and this prefixed perfective verb also has a nominal -nie/tie counterpart O-pisa-nie referring to the concept ‘description’ or, less likely, the ‘process of describing’. This prefixed verb can, in turn, be further augmented w ...
The Quantization Puzzle
The Quantization Puzzle

... such as usually, always, in most cases (see Lewis, 1975), “floated” quantifiers (both, all, each), auxiliaries, verbal affixes, and various argument-structure adjusters. One of the goals of this paper is to show that Slavic verbal prefixes with a quantificational and/or measurement content belong to ...
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Kagoshima verb conjugations

The verbal morphology of the Kagoshima dialects is heavily marked by numerous distinctive phonological processes, as well as both morphological and lexical differences. The following article deals primarily with the changes and differences affecting the verb conjugations of the central Kagoshima dialect, spoken throughout most of the mainland and especially around Kagoshima City, though notes on peripheral dialects may be added. Like standard Japanese, verbs do not inflect for person or plurality, and come in nine basic stems. However, contrary to the standard language, all verbs ending with the stem -ru conjugate regularly as consonant-stem verbs, though irregularities are present in other forms.Most notably, the distinction and irregular conjugation pattern of the shimo nidan or ""lower bigrade"" ending -(y)uru, which corresponds to standard Japanese -eru, is still preserved in the dialect. However, kami nidan or ""upper bigrade"" verbs ending in -iru have merged with all other verbs ending in -ru, in a similar fashion to other Kyushu dialects like that of Ōita.
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