Functional territories in primate substantia nigra pars reticulata
... To test the behavioral representation of stable object-value memories, we used a free viewing task (Yasuda et al. 2012). On each trial, four of a set of eight fractal objects were chosen randomly, regardless of their values, and were presented simultaneously for 2 s. The monkey was free to look at t ...
... To test the behavioral representation of stable object-value memories, we used a free viewing task (Yasuda et al. 2012). On each trial, four of a set of eight fractal objects were chosen randomly, regardless of their values, and were presented simultaneously for 2 s. The monkey was free to look at t ...
Lecture 8 - EdUHK Moodle
... Figure 2.9 The endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, which carries them to organs in the body, such as the heart, pancreas, and sex organs. Psychology, Fourth Edition Edition, Global Edition Saundra K. Ciccarelli • J. Noland White ...
... Figure 2.9 The endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, which carries them to organs in the body, such as the heart, pancreas, and sex organs. Psychology, Fourth Edition Edition, Global Edition Saundra K. Ciccarelli • J. Noland White ...
Neuroophthalmology – edu.materials 1
... associated movements and are not tied to one another in the manner usually referred to by the term reflex. They are controlled, synchronized, and associated by supranuclear connections, but they are not caused by one another (co -movements – one can occur in the absence of the other ) - with a near ...
... associated movements and are not tied to one another in the manner usually referred to by the term reflex. They are controlled, synchronized, and associated by supranuclear connections, but they are not caused by one another (co -movements – one can occur in the absence of the other ) - with a near ...
Neural dynamics of saccadic and smooth pursuit eye movement
... exploits computationally complementary properties, in MSTv and dorsal MST (MSTd) that are devoted to target tracking and opticflow-based navigation, respectively. MSTv receives inputs from MT− , in which subtractive processing via on-center off-surround directional receptive fields generates signals ...
... exploits computationally complementary properties, in MSTv and dorsal MST (MSTd) that are devoted to target tracking and opticflow-based navigation, respectively. MSTv receives inputs from MT− , in which subtractive processing via on-center off-surround directional receptive fields generates signals ...
The role of brain in the regulation of glucose homeostasis
... and 3 neurons were only inhibited by plasma glucose levels of 17 mM and higher. Type 4 neurons increases firing rate when the level of blood glucose exceeds 7 mM.[10,13] According to the studies performed on brain slices using patch clamp recording method, glucose sensory neurons in the VMN are basi ...
... and 3 neurons were only inhibited by plasma glucose levels of 17 mM and higher. Type 4 neurons increases firing rate when the level of blood glucose exceeds 7 mM.[10,13] According to the studies performed on brain slices using patch clamp recording method, glucose sensory neurons in the VMN are basi ...
Local Connections to Specific Types of Layer 6
... we measured the length of basal and apical dendrites as well as the numbers of their respective branches and terminations within each layer. Cells with poor biocytin labeling, such that their anatomical type could not be determined, were excluded from the study. Some cells were well-labeled without ...
... we measured the length of basal and apical dendrites as well as the numbers of their respective branches and terminations within each layer. Cells with poor biocytin labeling, such that their anatomical type could not be determined, were excluded from the study. Some cells were well-labeled without ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... contribute to refinement of sensory maps and tuning of receptive fields, I tested whether loss of inhibition is responsible for the compromised auditory function in my experimental animals. I found an increase rather than a decrease of inhibition in the rewired auditory cortex, suggesting that broad ...
... contribute to refinement of sensory maps and tuning of receptive fields, I tested whether loss of inhibition is responsible for the compromised auditory function in my experimental animals. I found an increase rather than a decrease of inhibition in the rewired auditory cortex, suggesting that broad ...
Reward Systems in the Brain and Nutrition
... Research in primates and humans is emphasized because evidence indicates that the rodent taste and food reward systems operate somewhat differently from those of primates and humans (114–116). In brief, the taste system is different in rodents in that there is a pontine taste area, which then projec ...
... Research in primates and humans is emphasized because evidence indicates that the rodent taste and food reward systems operate somewhat differently from those of primates and humans (114–116). In brief, the taste system is different in rodents in that there is a pontine taste area, which then projec ...
The largest growth cones in the animal kingdom
... Synopsis The marine mollusc, Aplysia californica is a powerful experimental model in cellular and systems neuroscience. Aplysia neurons are large, colored, and located at the ganglionic surface. Because of this, many neurons can be easily identified in terms of their physiological properties, synapt ...
... Synopsis The marine mollusc, Aplysia californica is a powerful experimental model in cellular and systems neuroscience. Aplysia neurons are large, colored, and located at the ganglionic surface. Because of this, many neurons can be easily identified in terms of their physiological properties, synapt ...
Auditory physiology chapter
... The negative sign here simply means that the signal will be 30 dB weaker on the fluid side of the boundary. Consequently, if the airborne sound wave were to directly drive a simple membrane covering the oval window, a 30 dB loss in signal intensity would occur at the air-fluid boundary. This is not ...
... The negative sign here simply means that the signal will be 30 dB weaker on the fluid side of the boundary. Consequently, if the airborne sound wave were to directly drive a simple membrane covering the oval window, a 30 dB loss in signal intensity would occur at the air-fluid boundary. This is not ...
- TestbankU
... thing, but you can get past some cognitive barriers by making connections to the student’s current experience. A simplistic (and probably not entirely accurate) explanation If you are having trouble understanding Excitatory (EPSP) and Inhibitory (IPSP) Postsynaptic Potentials, you might find these e ...
... thing, but you can get past some cognitive barriers by making connections to the student’s current experience. A simplistic (and probably not entirely accurate) explanation If you are having trouble understanding Excitatory (EPSP) and Inhibitory (IPSP) Postsynaptic Potentials, you might find these e ...
Accelerating axonal growth promotes motor
... their former pathways and close to their targets (4). However, proximal nerve lesions, and even more so those that involve a complete transection of the nerve, generally have a poor outcome with, in particular, minimal clinically meaningful motor recovery (5–7). One proposed explanation for this is ...
... their former pathways and close to their targets (4). However, proximal nerve lesions, and even more so those that involve a complete transection of the nerve, generally have a poor outcome with, in particular, minimal clinically meaningful motor recovery (5–7). One proposed explanation for this is ...
cur op e-print version
... degraded and, in some cases, reversed so that following substantial intake of sucrose, the BSR alone was preferred to the combination of sucrose and the same BSR train. In contrast, the accumulation of prodigious quantities of concentrated sucrose in the gut failed to increase the threshold for BSR ...
... degraded and, in some cases, reversed so that following substantial intake of sucrose, the BSR alone was preferred to the combination of sucrose and the same BSR train. In contrast, the accumulation of prodigious quantities of concentrated sucrose in the gut failed to increase the threshold for BSR ...
The Involvement of Recurrent Connections in Area CA3 in
... the available cues. Based on the suggestion that EC is involved in conjunctive coding (Myers et al., 1995), each EC cell in our model combines in a conjunctive manner the sources of spatial information to which it is sensitive. Because the animal’s sensory experience depends on both its position and ...
... the available cues. Based on the suggestion that EC is involved in conjunctive coding (Myers et al., 1995), each EC cell in our model combines in a conjunctive manner the sources of spatial information to which it is sensitive. Because the animal’s sensory experience depends on both its position and ...
Signature - UNE Faculty/Staff Index Page
... For passing and synapsing tracts involved with muscle movement From cortex to spinal cord and cerebellum Also region where cerebellum connects to brainstem via cerebellar peduncles medulla oblongata – connection to spinal cord (Mylencephalon) Contains motor tracts, some cranial nerve nuclei and prop ...
... For passing and synapsing tracts involved with muscle movement From cortex to spinal cord and cerebellum Also region where cerebellum connects to brainstem via cerebellar peduncles medulla oblongata – connection to spinal cord (Mylencephalon) Contains motor tracts, some cranial nerve nuclei and prop ...
Structure and Function in the Inferior Olivary Nucleus
... The inferior olivary nucleus is the source of the climbing fibres, one of the two major afferent pathways into the cerebellum. This thesis is concerned with aspects of the cellular anat ...
... The inferior olivary nucleus is the source of the climbing fibres, one of the two major afferent pathways into the cerebellum. This thesis is concerned with aspects of the cellular anat ...
Roles of Multiple Globus Pallidus Territories of Monkeys and
... OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES Given that three different territories exist within the GP, it can be expected that each territory plays a specific role. Electrophysiological studies conducted during the performance of a variety of behaviors have elucidated the functions of the GP, as well as the cerebral cort ...
... OF NONHUMAN PRIMATES Given that three different territories exist within the GP, it can be expected that each territory plays a specific role. Electrophysiological studies conducted during the performance of a variety of behaviors have elucidated the functions of the GP, as well as the cerebral cort ...
HB-GAM (pleiotrophin) reverses inhibition of neural
... (CNS). We report here that HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; also known as pleiotrophin), a CS-binding protein expressed at high levels in the developing CNS, reverses the role of the CS chains in neurite growth of CNS neurons in vitro from inhibition to activation. The CS-bound HB ...
... (CNS). We report here that HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; also known as pleiotrophin), a CS-binding protein expressed at high levels in the developing CNS, reverses the role of the CS chains in neurite growth of CNS neurons in vitro from inhibition to activation. The CS-bound HB ...
Growth and Functional Efficacy of Intrastriatal Nigral Transplants
... area extended laterally to include the pars lateralis in addition to pars compacta. In the striatum all sections containing TH-positive cells were used to estimate total number of cells in the grafts. Sampling was done using the Olympus CAST-Grid system (Olympus Denmark A /S). The system is composed ...
... area extended laterally to include the pars lateralis in addition to pars compacta. In the striatum all sections containing TH-positive cells were used to estimate total number of cells in the grafts. Sampling was done using the Olympus CAST-Grid system (Olympus Denmark A /S). The system is composed ...
Developments in understanding neuronal spike trains and functional
... membrane of the receiving neuron. As it turns out, the upper bound for the decay in this signal is around 10 ms (Koch, 1999). So assuming that rate coding is at least a partially correct model for neuronal processing, any contribution that an individual neuron makes to this process would be most dis ...
... membrane of the receiving neuron. As it turns out, the upper bound for the decay in this signal is around 10 ms (Koch, 1999). So assuming that rate coding is at least a partially correct model for neuronal processing, any contribution that an individual neuron makes to this process would be most dis ...
The Role of Dopamine and Its Dysfunction as a Consequence of
... quick succession [16], while Brozoski et al. affirmed that concentrated bursts of activity result in a greater increase of extracellular DA levels than would be expected from the same number of spikes distributed over a longer period of time [17], as a consequence of dopamine metabolism. ...
... quick succession [16], while Brozoski et al. affirmed that concentrated bursts of activity result in a greater increase of extracellular DA levels than would be expected from the same number of spikes distributed over a longer period of time [17], as a consequence of dopamine metabolism. ...
Document
... corresponding vertebral segment if the cord is only 42cm-45cm long? Answer: Spinal nerves extend down to the appropriate vertebral segment forming the cauda equina ...
... corresponding vertebral segment if the cord is only 42cm-45cm long? Answer: Spinal nerves extend down to the appropriate vertebral segment forming the cauda equina ...
Arbib, 2008 - Semantic Scholar
... Each of these changes can be of evolutionary advantage in supporting the transfer of novel skills between the members of a community, involving praxis rather than explicit communication. We now explore the stages whereby our distant ancestors made the transition to protolanguage, in the sense of a c ...
... Each of these changes can be of evolutionary advantage in supporting the transfer of novel skills between the members of a community, involving praxis rather than explicit communication. We now explore the stages whereby our distant ancestors made the transition to protolanguage, in the sense of a c ...
Synaptic and extrasynaptic traces of long-term memory
... detailed description of mental entities, as had been envisioned in the ‘memory molecule papers’ from 50 years ago, they only need to contain unique identifiers of various entities, and that this can be achieved using relatively small molecules, using a random code (‘ID molecules’). In this paper, t ...
... detailed description of mental entities, as had been envisioned in the ‘memory molecule papers’ from 50 years ago, they only need to contain unique identifiers of various entities, and that this can be achieved using relatively small molecules, using a random code (‘ID molecules’). In this paper, t ...