Neuroscience - Thermo Fisher Scientific
... Using this technology and assay method, we could identify synaptic changes over time and measure synaptic and neurite parameters in an automated manner. ...
... Using this technology and assay method, we could identify synaptic changes over time and measure synaptic and neurite parameters in an automated manner. ...
Changes of Synaptic Density in the Primary Visual Cortex of the
... We also compared the three different calibration grids utilized throughout this entire study by making a series of electron micrographs on the same day and found no significant deformation between the oldest and the newest ones. No attempt was made to estimate the degree of shrinkage from exposure t ...
... We also compared the three different calibration grids utilized throughout this entire study by making a series of electron micrographs on the same day and found no significant deformation between the oldest and the newest ones. No attempt was made to estimate the degree of shrinkage from exposure t ...
Chapter 36 Locomotion
... nearly a century ago when it was found that removing the cerebral hemispheres in dogs did not abolish walking—decerebrate animals are still able to walk spontaneously. One animal was observed to rear itself up in order to rest its forepaws on a gate at feeding time. It was soon discovered that stepp ...
... nearly a century ago when it was found that removing the cerebral hemispheres in dogs did not abolish walking—decerebrate animals are still able to walk spontaneously. One animal was observed to rear itself up in order to rest its forepaws on a gate at feeding time. It was soon discovered that stepp ...
fulltext
... neurons within this loop modulate their activity in anticipation of and during movement, and their effect on upper motor neurons is necessary for the normal course of voluntary movements 4, 5. In the classical model of the basal ganglia circuitry, two parallel and separated neural circuits connect t ...
... neurons within this loop modulate their activity in anticipation of and during movement, and their effect on upper motor neurons is necessary for the normal course of voluntary movements 4, 5. In the classical model of the basal ganglia circuitry, two parallel and separated neural circuits connect t ...
Cutaneous mechanoreceptors
... those regarding pressure and texture. They are classified as slowly adapting mechanoreceptors. In mammals, Merkel nerve endings have a wide distribution. Merkel nerve endings are found in the basal layer of glabrous and hairy skin, in hair follicles, and in oral and anal mucosa. In humans, Merkel ce ...
... those regarding pressure and texture. They are classified as slowly adapting mechanoreceptors. In mammals, Merkel nerve endings have a wide distribution. Merkel nerve endings are found in the basal layer of glabrous and hairy skin, in hair follicles, and in oral and anal mucosa. In humans, Merkel ce ...
Summary of Results and Discussion
... synapse elimination are key mechanisms that ensure fine-tune networks (Rakic et al., 1986). As during development, these mechanisms can be regulated by activity. The hippocampus is one of the brain regions endowed with high plasticity, and hippocampal neurons express high levels of both Nogo-A and N ...
... synapse elimination are key mechanisms that ensure fine-tune networks (Rakic et al., 1986). As during development, these mechanisms can be regulated by activity. The hippocampus is one of the brain regions endowed with high plasticity, and hippocampal neurons express high levels of both Nogo-A and N ...
An RNA-Sequencing Transcriptome and Splicing Database of Glia
... astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, newly formed oligodendrocytes, myelinating oligodendrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, and pericytes from mouse cerebral cortex. We generated a transcriptome database for these eight cell types by RNA sequencing and used a sensitive algorithm to detec ...
... astrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursor cells, newly formed oligodendrocytes, myelinating oligodendrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, and pericytes from mouse cerebral cortex. We generated a transcriptome database for these eight cell types by RNA sequencing and used a sensitive algorithm to detec ...
Neural Networks – State of Art, Brief History, Basic Models and
... recognition generally occur as a result of the interaction of ‘top-down’ observer expectations with ‘bottom-up’ sensory information. The model postulates that ‘top-down’ expectations take the form of a memory template or prototype that is then compared with the actual features of an object as detect ...
... recognition generally occur as a result of the interaction of ‘top-down’ observer expectations with ‘bottom-up’ sensory information. The model postulates that ‘top-down’ expectations take the form of a memory template or prototype that is then compared with the actual features of an object as detect ...
Spinal nerves, cervical, lumbar and sacral plexus
... • Denticulate ligaments – delicate shelves of pia mater; attach the spinal cord to the vertebrae • Spinal nerves – 31 pairs attach to the cord by paired roots – Cervical nerves are named for inferior vertebra – All other nerves are named for superior vertebra • Cervical and lumbar enlargements – sit ...
... • Denticulate ligaments – delicate shelves of pia mater; attach the spinal cord to the vertebrae • Spinal nerves – 31 pairs attach to the cord by paired roots – Cervical nerves are named for inferior vertebra – All other nerves are named for superior vertebra • Cervical and lumbar enlargements – sit ...
Neuropilin-2 Regulates the Development of Select Cranial and
... amino acids) and contains no signal transduction motifs. Different class 3 semaphorins bind neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 with different affinities, with Sema3A binding neuropilin-1 but not neuropilin-2 with high affinity, Sema3F binding neuropilin-2 with much higher affinity than neuropilin-1, and ...
... amino acids) and contains no signal transduction motifs. Different class 3 semaphorins bind neuropilin-1 and neuropilin-2 with different affinities, with Sema3A binding neuropilin-1 but not neuropilin-2 with high affinity, Sema3F binding neuropilin-2 with much higher affinity than neuropilin-1, and ...
INFUSION OF NERVE GROWTH FACTOR (NGF) INTO KITTEN
... monocular presentation of oriented visual stimuli allows the derivation of a map of oriented responses in visual cortex. The image collection and processing techniques used in this study have been described in detail by Issa et al. (1999) and will only be summarized here. Animals were prepared as de ...
... monocular presentation of oriented visual stimuli allows the derivation of a map of oriented responses in visual cortex. The image collection and processing techniques used in this study have been described in detail by Issa et al. (1999) and will only be summarized here. Animals were prepared as de ...
Ch. 14 CNS textbook
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
... rior median sulcus, just miss dividing the cord into separate symmetrical halves. The anterior fissure is the deeper and the wider of the two grooves—a useful factor to remember when you examine spinal cord diagrams. It enables you to tell at a glance which part of the cord is anterior and which is ...
Learning place cells, grid cells and invariances: A unifying model
... The cellular and network mechanisms that give rise to each of these firing patterns are subject to extensive experimental and theoretical research. Several computational models have been suggested to explain the emergence of grid cells [9–21], place cells [11, 22–27] and head direction cells [11, 28 ...
... The cellular and network mechanisms that give rise to each of these firing patterns are subject to extensive experimental and theoretical research. Several computational models have been suggested to explain the emergence of grid cells [9–21], place cells [11, 22–27] and head direction cells [11, 28 ...
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... spaces are well known and easily defined. The mathematical problem is circumscribed. In other cortical areas, such as high-order visual areas or motor areas, the parameter spaces are less well known, difficult to define precisely, and much more highly dimensional. In a recent series of experiments, ...
... spaces are well known and easily defined. The mathematical problem is circumscribed. In other cortical areas, such as high-order visual areas or motor areas, the parameter spaces are less well known, difficult to define precisely, and much more highly dimensional. In a recent series of experiments, ...
Morphomechanics: transforming tubes into organs
... than the number of developmental perturbations would suggest [20]. In contrast to bending, which is driven by internally generated forces, the torsional component of c-looping is caused mainly by external loads. In his thesis, Butler suggested that the main twist-causing force is provided by the lef ...
... than the number of developmental perturbations would suggest [20]. In contrast to bending, which is driven by internally generated forces, the torsional component of c-looping is caused mainly by external loads. In his thesis, Butler suggested that the main twist-causing force is provided by the lef ...
A neuropsychological theory of metaphor
... For Hayek (1952) the difference between the two orders (phenomenal and physical, i.e., neurological) is essentially between two vocabularies. The hierarchical nature of the nervous system is reflected exactly in the mental system (or vice versa). The principle by which the hierarchy is formed is calle ...
... For Hayek (1952) the difference between the two orders (phenomenal and physical, i.e., neurological) is essentially between two vocabularies. The hierarchical nature of the nervous system is reflected exactly in the mental system (or vice versa). The principle by which the hierarchy is formed is calle ...
Predictive Coding as a Model of Biased Competition in Visual
... The predictive coding (PC) model of cortical visual information processing (Rao and Ballard, 1999) proposes a hierarchical neural network architecture in which perception is accomplished via the interaction of top-down expectation and sensory-driven analysis. Rather than passively responding to the ...
... The predictive coding (PC) model of cortical visual information processing (Rao and Ballard, 1999) proposes a hierarchical neural network architecture in which perception is accomplished via the interaction of top-down expectation and sensory-driven analysis. Rather than passively responding to the ...
Neuronal Replacement and Reconstruction of Damaged Circuitries
... or spinal cord can be foundin the literature. The simplest approach,and the one that wastried initially, is to insert the graft directly into a slit madein superficial cortical matter with fine forceps or similar instruments. This technique was used with poor results by Saltykow (1905) and Del Conte ...
... or spinal cord can be foundin the literature. The simplest approach,and the one that wastried initially, is to insert the graft directly into a slit madein superficial cortical matter with fine forceps or similar instruments. This technique was used with poor results by Saltykow (1905) and Del Conte ...
Chapter 3
... – precisely localization & identification – memories of our perceptions are stored in the cortex • Sensation is any stimuli the body is aware of – Chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, baroreceptors – What are we not aware of? • X-rays, ultra high frequency sound waves, UV light – We have no ...
... – precisely localization & identification – memories of our perceptions are stored in the cortex • Sensation is any stimuli the body is aware of – Chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, baroreceptors – What are we not aware of? • X-rays, ultra high frequency sound waves, UV light – We have no ...
Chapter 3
... – precisely localization & identification – memories of our perceptions are stored in the cortex • Sensation is any stimuli the body is aware of – Chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, baroreceptors – What are we not aware of? • X-rays, ultra high frequency sound waves, UV light – We have no ...
... – precisely localization & identification – memories of our perceptions are stored in the cortex • Sensation is any stimuli the body is aware of – Chemoreceptors, thermoreceptors, nociceptors, baroreceptors – What are we not aware of? • X-rays, ultra high frequency sound waves, UV light – We have no ...
Brain asymmetry is encoded at the level of axon terminal morphology
... unlike any other axon type we are aware of (Figure 2g). One hypothesis we considered was that L- and R-sided neurons might 'spiral' in opposite senses (clockwise versus counter-clockwise); however, this is not the case and indeed, branches from individual neurons frequently reverse sense within the ...
... unlike any other axon type we are aware of (Figure 2g). One hypothesis we considered was that L- and R-sided neurons might 'spiral' in opposite senses (clockwise versus counter-clockwise); however, this is not the case and indeed, branches from individual neurons frequently reverse sense within the ...
Handout: E-Brain Manual - Faculty Web Sites at the University of
... appearance. The pia has not been dissected or removed in eBrain. Folds The dura mater has specific folds that contribute to architectural stability. The tentorium is a large fold of dura that separates the cerebellum and cerebrum. The falx cerebri is another large fold of dura in the longitudinal fi ...
... appearance. The pia has not been dissected or removed in eBrain. Folds The dura mater has specific folds that contribute to architectural stability. The tentorium is a large fold of dura that separates the cerebellum and cerebrum. The falx cerebri is another large fold of dura in the longitudinal fi ...
Review. Glial cells in neuronal network function
... leading to a target cell-specific modulation of neuronal activity, because astrocytic GABA inhibits mitral and granule cells, whereas astrocytic glutamate excites granule cells (Kozlov et al. 2006). We still do not know whether different gliotransmitters are coreleased, released by different astrocy ...
... leading to a target cell-specific modulation of neuronal activity, because astrocytic GABA inhibits mitral and granule cells, whereas astrocytic glutamate excites granule cells (Kozlov et al. 2006). We still do not know whether different gliotransmitters are coreleased, released by different astrocy ...
Clones in the chick diencephalon contain multiple
... studies, quail mesencephalon was transplanted into chick diencephalon, and thus the potential of diencephalic progenitors was not tested. Nonetheless, these studies indicated that mesencephalic progenitors dispersed to populate several, but not all, nuclei in the diencephalon. One interesting patter ...
... studies, quail mesencephalon was transplanted into chick diencephalon, and thus the potential of diencephalic progenitors was not tested. Nonetheless, these studies indicated that mesencephalic progenitors dispersed to populate several, but not all, nuclei in the diencephalon. One interesting patter ...