Fulltext - Jultika
... amounts of irregularities in their optics and structure, and unusually long axons. In this thesis photoreceptors of the cockroach were studied with intracellular recordings of their light responses, biophysical systems analysis, and modelling of the relations between the light stimuli and responses. ...
... amounts of irregularities in their optics and structure, and unusually long axons. In this thesis photoreceptors of the cockroach were studied with intracellular recordings of their light responses, biophysical systems analysis, and modelling of the relations between the light stimuli and responses. ...
Glutamate Receptors
... leg of the CSTC loop (see Figures 7-16 to 7-21), namely from thalamus to cortex, and provides not only feedback to the original pyramidal cell "cortical engine" from information processing that occurs in the CSTC loop (see number 3 in Figure 9-41A), but also input diffusely throughout the cortex to ...
... leg of the CSTC loop (see Figures 7-16 to 7-21), namely from thalamus to cortex, and provides not only feedback to the original pyramidal cell "cortical engine" from information processing that occurs in the CSTC loop (see number 3 in Figure 9-41A), but also input diffusely throughout the cortex to ...
Pain
... 1) Morphology: are specific free nerve endings 2) Highly specific i.e. respond to tissue damage only • Classified according to their adequate stimulus into:a) Mechanical Pain Rs: • Respond to strong mechanical trauma e.g. cutting b) Thermosensitive pain Rs: • Respond to excessive changes in temp (ab ...
... 1) Morphology: are specific free nerve endings 2) Highly specific i.e. respond to tissue damage only • Classified according to their adequate stimulus into:a) Mechanical Pain Rs: • Respond to strong mechanical trauma e.g. cutting b) Thermosensitive pain Rs: • Respond to excessive changes in temp (ab ...
Module 3 and 4 Practice Test
... 6. As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming ...
... 6. As you are reading this question, the cells in your eyes are firing in response to the light coming ...
Novel approaches to explore mechanisms of
... highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmaceuticals. Novel treatment strategies are highly needed, as well as increased understanding of the hippoc ...
... highly debilitating. Up to 30% of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, the most common form of the disorder in adults, arising in the hippocampus, cannot be effectively treated by current pharmaceuticals. Novel treatment strategies are highly needed, as well as increased understanding of the hippoc ...
Central Lateral Line and Auditory Pathways: A Phylogenetic
... the newly evolved auditory receptors synapsed upon a portion of the medullary lateralis center, thus transforming this phylogenetically old area into an auditory nucleus. In contrast to these ideas, recent anatomical and physiological studies strongly indicate that each modality of the octavolateral ...
... the newly evolved auditory receptors synapsed upon a portion of the medullary lateralis center, thus transforming this phylogenetically old area into an auditory nucleus. In contrast to these ideas, recent anatomical and physiological studies strongly indicate that each modality of the octavolateral ...
Early Functional Impairment of Sensory-Motor Connectivity in a Mouse Model of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
... One possible explanation for the reduced responses to dorsal root stimulation in SMA mice could be that SMA motor neurons have lower input resistance and are hypoexcitable. To test this hypothesis, we performed intracellular recordings from identified SMA motor neurons and compared their intrinsic m ...
... One possible explanation for the reduced responses to dorsal root stimulation in SMA mice could be that SMA motor neurons have lower input resistance and are hypoexcitable. To test this hypothesis, we performed intracellular recordings from identified SMA motor neurons and compared their intrinsic m ...
Self-Construction in the Context of Cortical Growth: From One Cell to
... In this thesis we explore the biological development of the neocortex as a model for selfconstructing systems. Development begins with a single cell, and expands that cell through cell division and specialization to create a complex organism consisting of trillions (in humans) of cells. We will cons ...
... In this thesis we explore the biological development of the neocortex as a model for selfconstructing systems. Development begins with a single cell, and expands that cell through cell division and specialization to create a complex organism consisting of trillions (in humans) of cells. We will cons ...
Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... The main and accessory olfactory systems of the mouse detect a large variety of chemical stimuli from the external environment. Chemoreception is mediated by several types of receptor molecules that are expressed by specialized sensory neurons (Axel, 2005; Buck, 2005; Mombaerts, 2004). The informati ...
... The main and accessory olfactory systems of the mouse detect a large variety of chemical stimuli from the external environment. Chemoreception is mediated by several types of receptor molecules that are expressed by specialized sensory neurons (Axel, 2005; Buck, 2005; Mombaerts, 2004). The informati ...
The Action Potential, Synaptic Transmission, and Maintenance of
... types of ion channels: nongated (leakage), ligand-gated, and voltage-gated (Fig. 3.3). Nongated ion channels are always open. They are responsible for the influx of Na⫹ and efflux of K⫹ when the neuron is in its resting state. Ligandgated ion channels are directly or indirectly activated by chemical ...
... types of ion channels: nongated (leakage), ligand-gated, and voltage-gated (Fig. 3.3). Nongated ion channels are always open. They are responsible for the influx of Na⫹ and efflux of K⫹ when the neuron is in its resting state. Ligandgated ion channels are directly or indirectly activated by chemical ...
Amyloid inhibits retinoic acid synthesis exacerbating Alzheimer
... favouring the non-amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor ...
... favouring the non-amyloidogenic processing of amyloid precursor ...
Dentate granule cell migration - Development
... lacZ (nlslacZ) into rat embryos at various times (the rats were then allowed to survive to P15), we found extensive labeling of dentate granule neurons after injection on E16, E18 and E20 (Fig. 1C-E). When we examined the relative distributions of cells in the hippocampal formation that are either i ...
... lacZ (nlslacZ) into rat embryos at various times (the rats were then allowed to survive to P15), we found extensive labeling of dentate granule neurons after injection on E16, E18 and E20 (Fig. 1C-E). When we examined the relative distributions of cells in the hippocampal formation that are either i ...
Ch. 49
... • The circuits in the brain are more complex than the most powerful computers • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to construct a 3-D map of brain activity • The vertebrate brain is organized into regions with different functions ...
... • The circuits in the brain are more complex than the most powerful computers • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to construct a 3-D map of brain activity • The vertebrate brain is organized into regions with different functions ...
Simulation of myelinated neuron with focus on conduction speed
... In this study, we have shown that myelination and dendritic structure are responsible for the occurence of DAP and HAP which are in turn responsible for altered threshold of subsequent action potential. We have quantatatively shown that the threshold is different depending on the timing of subsequen ...
... In this study, we have shown that myelination and dendritic structure are responsible for the occurence of DAP and HAP which are in turn responsible for altered threshold of subsequent action potential. We have quantatatively shown that the threshold is different depending on the timing of subsequen ...
Life: The Science of Biology, 8e
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
... Nervous System - Can higher functions be understood in cellular terms? Patterns of electrical activity in the cerebral cortex characterize stages of sleep ...
Chapter 12 - Las Positas College
... Basic structural unit of the nervous system Specialized cells conduct electrical impulses along the plasma membrane Nerve impulse (action potential) ...
... Basic structural unit of the nervous system Specialized cells conduct electrical impulses along the plasma membrane Nerve impulse (action potential) ...
Neural crest cells and axonal specificity
... neck, and the vagal neural crest cells are capable of becoming adrenergic neurons when they are placed in the trunk. The pluripotency of some neural crest cells is such that even regions of the neural crest that never produce nerves in normal embryos can be made to do so under certain conditions. Cr ...
... neck, and the vagal neural crest cells are capable of becoming adrenergic neurons when they are placed in the trunk. The pluripotency of some neural crest cells is such that even regions of the neural crest that never produce nerves in normal embryos can be made to do so under certain conditions. Cr ...
Hold your horses: A dynamic computational role
... facilitated and which is suppressed by signaling Go or NoGo to each of the responses. The four columns of units in the striatum represent, from left to right, Go-R1, Go-R2, NoGoR1 and NoGo-R2. In the absence of synaptic input, GPi and GPe units are tonically active. Go and NoGo representations for e ...
... facilitated and which is suppressed by signaling Go or NoGo to each of the responses. The four columns of units in the striatum represent, from left to right, Go-R1, Go-R2, NoGoR1 and NoGo-R2. In the absence of synaptic input, GPi and GPe units are tonically active. Go and NoGo representations for e ...
Levels of kinesin light chain and dynein intermediate
... oligomeric A! inhibited fast axonal transport in isolated axoplasm [41]. Transgenic mice overexpressing human wild-type tau [45] or mutant tau [27] also developed axonal swellings suggestive of defects in axonal transport. In vitro motility assays suggested that tau influences the rate of attachmen ...
... oligomeric A! inhibited fast axonal transport in isolated axoplasm [41]. Transgenic mice overexpressing human wild-type tau [45] or mutant tau [27] also developed axonal swellings suggestive of defects in axonal transport. In vitro motility assays suggested that tau influences the rate of attachmen ...
The role of mirror neurons in speech perception and
... the role of mirror neurons in speech/language processes. For more detailed discussion see (Hickok, 2009a). Mirror neurons, which fire both during action execution (e.g., grasping) and during action observation, were originally discovered in area F5 of the macaque monkey (di Pellegrino et al., 1992; ...
... the role of mirror neurons in speech/language processes. For more detailed discussion see (Hickok, 2009a). Mirror neurons, which fire both during action execution (e.g., grasping) and during action observation, were originally discovered in area F5 of the macaque monkey (di Pellegrino et al., 1992; ...
Background - Harvard University
... foodstuffs and liquids with various tastes. These rewards are necessary for survival, their motivational value can be determined by controlled access, and they can be delivered in quantifiable amounts in laboratory situations. The other main vegetative reward, sex, is impossible to deliver in neurop ...
... foodstuffs and liquids with various tastes. These rewards are necessary for survival, their motivational value can be determined by controlled access, and they can be delivered in quantifiable amounts in laboratory situations. The other main vegetative reward, sex, is impossible to deliver in neurop ...
Examination of Rhythmicity of Extracellularly Recorded Neurons in the Entorhinal Cortex
... autocorrelogram, most significantly, for validating the presence or absence of theta modulation across species. These techniques can show significant rhythmicity for high firing rate, highly rhythmic neurons; however, they are substantially biased by several factors including the peak firing rate of ...
... autocorrelogram, most significantly, for validating the presence or absence of theta modulation across species. These techniques can show significant rhythmicity for high firing rate, highly rhythmic neurons; however, they are substantially biased by several factors including the peak firing rate of ...
Primate amygdala neurons evaluate the progress of self
... sequence ended with a spend choice). However, the relationship between spend probability and sequence progress varied between interest rate conditions, reflecting the animals’ preferences for different sequence lengths (Figure 1C). The animals typically preferred shorter sequences when interest was ...
... sequence ended with a spend choice). However, the relationship between spend probability and sequence progress varied between interest rate conditions, reflecting the animals’ preferences for different sequence lengths (Figure 1C). The animals typically preferred shorter sequences when interest was ...
Developmental regulation and individual differences of neuronal
... activities (15/20 genes) (FDR = 8.4 e−12, 9.4 e−7, and 4.6 e−11). Fig. 3 shows that there are two tightly connected components in the enriched biological processes, one centered on neuron development and the other on synaptic transmission. Among the genes with neuron-specific H3K4me3 peaks are many k ...
... activities (15/20 genes) (FDR = 8.4 e−12, 9.4 e−7, and 4.6 e−11). Fig. 3 shows that there are two tightly connected components in the enriched biological processes, one centered on neuron development and the other on synaptic transmission. Among the genes with neuron-specific H3K4me3 peaks are many k ...
Imaging Auditory Representations of Song and Syllables in
... was visualized under 2p imaging. Different HVC cell types were identified based on the presence of retrograde labeling and/or their intrinsic electrophysiological properties for in vitro and in vivo experiments and, for in vivo experiments, by their song-evoked electrophysiological properties (Dutar ...
... was visualized under 2p imaging. Different HVC cell types were identified based on the presence of retrograde labeling and/or their intrinsic electrophysiological properties for in vitro and in vivo experiments and, for in vivo experiments, by their song-evoked electrophysiological properties (Dutar ...