GnRH Protein Levels in Atrazine-Treated Axolotls
... It is important to understand the mechanisms by which chemicals such as atrazine act as endocrine disruptors, so that newly developed chemicals may be designed to minimize endocrine disruption. GnRH is an important target to examine as a possible site of endocrine disruption, since endocrine disrupt ...
... It is important to understand the mechanisms by which chemicals such as atrazine act as endocrine disruptors, so that newly developed chemicals may be designed to minimize endocrine disruption. GnRH is an important target to examine as a possible site of endocrine disruption, since endocrine disrupt ...
Caudal Medulla
... 2. ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation from the face (spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus), 3. some vertigo and nystagmus (vestibular nuclei), 4. loss of taste from the ipsilateral half of the tongue (solitary tract ...
... 2. ipsilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation from the face (spinal trigeminal tract and nucleus), 3. some vertigo and nystagmus (vestibular nuclei), 4. loss of taste from the ipsilateral half of the tongue (solitary tract ...
Laminar Selectivity of the Cholinergic Suppression of Synaptic
... in both layers during the same perfusion in each slice. Carbachol produced a significantly stronger suppression of stimulus-evoked EPSPs in s. rad than in s. I-m at all concentrations greater than 1 FM. At 100 PM, EPSP initial slopes were suppressed by 89.1 * 3.0% in s. rad, but only by 40.1 + 4.1% ...
... in both layers during the same perfusion in each slice. Carbachol produced a significantly stronger suppression of stimulus-evoked EPSPs in s. rad than in s. I-m at all concentrations greater than 1 FM. At 100 PM, EPSP initial slopes were suppressed by 89.1 * 3.0% in s. rad, but only by 40.1 + 4.1% ...
Role of the Indirect Pathway of the Basal Ganglia
... 5 ms for GABAA, and 100 ms for NMDA-mediated currents. Isyn describes both the synaptic inputs from other neurons within the circuit and background inputs modeled as Poissonian spike trains representing sources beyond the circuit. We also use a short time delay, 0.2 ms, for synaptic transmission in ...
... 5 ms for GABAA, and 100 ms for NMDA-mediated currents. Isyn describes both the synaptic inputs from other neurons within the circuit and background inputs modeled as Poissonian spike trains representing sources beyond the circuit. We also use a short time delay, 0.2 ms, for synaptic transmission in ...
Hemispheric asymmetries of cortical volume in the human brain
... in a wide range of mammalian species (Vallortigara, 2000; Vallortigara and Rogers, 2005; Vallortigara et al., 1999). To account for these functional differences, it has been proposed that systematic differences between the two hemispheres exist in relative cortical space allocation to heteromodal as ...
... in a wide range of mammalian species (Vallortigara, 2000; Vallortigara and Rogers, 2005; Vallortigara et al., 1999). To account for these functional differences, it has been proposed that systematic differences between the two hemispheres exist in relative cortical space allocation to heteromodal as ...
Are there differences between the secretion characteristics of NGF
... been demonstrated for neurotrophin-mediated neurotrophin secretion occurring as a consequence of Trk receptor activation (Canossa et al., 1997). However, discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons ...
... been demonstrated for neurotrophin-mediated neurotrophin secretion occurring as a consequence of Trk receptor activation (Canossa et al., 1997). However, discordant results have been reported for high potassium-mediated secretion of BDNF from virus-transduced primary cultures of hippocampal neurons ...
Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems
... physiological and behavioural events in an oscillatory pattern. As in many other animal taxa (52), such oscillators are mainly located in the nervous system of crustaceans (20, 21). The core concept of the biological clock builds upon autonomously oscillating neurons or sets of neurons showing circa ...
... physiological and behavioural events in an oscillatory pattern. As in many other animal taxa (52), such oscillators are mainly located in the nervous system of crustaceans (20, 21). The core concept of the biological clock builds upon autonomously oscillating neurons or sets of neurons showing circa ...
The supramammillary area: its organization, functions
... fact that SuM has recently been shown to contain cells that can control plasticity in the hippocampus via monosynaptic input. It also contains other cells that control the frequency of the rhythmic phasic firing of hippocampal cells (theta activity) via a relay in the medial septum (MS). These two t ...
... fact that SuM has recently been shown to contain cells that can control plasticity in the hippocampus via monosynaptic input. It also contains other cells that control the frequency of the rhythmic phasic firing of hippocampal cells (theta activity) via a relay in the medial septum (MS). These two t ...
The Role of Histamine H1 , H2 and H3 Receptors on Enteric
... nerve-mediated contractions. This inhibitory effect was antagonized by the H3 antagonist thioperamide. These results indicate that 1) histamine, acting at H1 receptors, at lower concentrations depresses synaptic transmission, although at higher concentrations activates the enteric excitatory ascendi ...
... nerve-mediated contractions. This inhibitory effect was antagonized by the H3 antagonist thioperamide. These results indicate that 1) histamine, acting at H1 receptors, at lower concentrations depresses synaptic transmission, although at higher concentrations activates the enteric excitatory ascendi ...
Essential Roles for GSK-3s and GSK-3
... Figure 1. Axon Growth in GSK-3b Knockout Mice (A) GSK-3b null mice were crossed with sensory neuron specific reporter line, Brn3aTauLacZ. Resulting GSK-3b2/2/Brn3aTauLacZ mice were processed for b-Gal histochemistry at E12.5. Trigeminal and DRG axon projections appeared indistinguishable in the two ...
... Figure 1. Axon Growth in GSK-3b Knockout Mice (A) GSK-3b null mice were crossed with sensory neuron specific reporter line, Brn3aTauLacZ. Resulting GSK-3b2/2/Brn3aTauLacZ mice were processed for b-Gal histochemistry at E12.5. Trigeminal and DRG axon projections appeared indistinguishable in the two ...
- The Human Brain
... Experimental studies in animals are faced primarly with the problem of whether or not those results can be attributed to man : neuroanatomy and certainly clinical behavior in man is rather specific . Furthermore, methodological problems render very controversial results : lesions made in one of the ...
... Experimental studies in animals are faced primarly with the problem of whether or not those results can be attributed to man : neuroanatomy and certainly clinical behavior in man is rather specific . Furthermore, methodological problems render very controversial results : lesions made in one of the ...
Organelle motility and metabolism in axons vs dendrites of cultured
... Quantitative analysis was done by drawing a line across the video screen perpendicular to and bisecting the process and counting the number of organelles that crossed the line during a 4× time lapse playback of the video sequence. Anterogradely and retrogradely trans ported organelles were counted ...
... Quantitative analysis was done by drawing a line across the video screen perpendicular to and bisecting the process and counting the number of organelles that crossed the line during a 4× time lapse playback of the video sequence. Anterogradely and retrogradely trans ported organelles were counted ...
Signals from the notochord and floor plate regulate
... embryo (Krauss et al., 1991a; Pueschel et al., 1992). The spinal cord exhibits a characteristic dorsal-ventral (DV) pattern, with specific classes of neurons differentiating according to their DV position. These dorsoventral differences in neuronal differentiation are reflected in both the cell type ...
... embryo (Krauss et al., 1991a; Pueschel et al., 1992). The spinal cord exhibits a characteristic dorsal-ventral (DV) pattern, with specific classes of neurons differentiating according to their DV position. These dorsoventral differences in neuronal differentiation are reflected in both the cell type ...
Processing of Interaural Intensity Differences in the LSO: Role of
... excitatory input has a lower threshold than the inhibitory input. However, because the excitatory input has a lower threshold, it would be stronger and arrive earlier than the inhibitory input when the intensities at the two ears are equal. Thus, to match the strengths and timing of the two inputs, ...
... excitatory input has a lower threshold than the inhibitory input. However, because the excitatory input has a lower threshold, it would be stronger and arrive earlier than the inhibitory input when the intensities at the two ears are equal. Thus, to match the strengths and timing of the two inputs, ...
facing page
... It is well-established that the presence of addictive drugs to abusers provokes the activation of brain regions that are involved in both addictive and learning processes (Belujon & Grace, 2011; Fowler et al., 2014; Van den Oever et al,. 2013). Based on such studies, it was suggested that addiction, ...
... It is well-established that the presence of addictive drugs to abusers provokes the activation of brain regions that are involved in both addictive and learning processes (Belujon & Grace, 2011; Fowler et al., 2014; Van den Oever et al,. 2013). Based on such studies, it was suggested that addiction, ...
4. Conclusions and Perspectives - RuCCS
... Binet (1886) and Titchener (Evans, 1984) defended the idea that mental images should be considered as the central elements of thought. In Europe, the Wurzburg school put forth the idea that certain mental process elements were non-pictorial and that imaging activity should be considered as the resul ...
... Binet (1886) and Titchener (Evans, 1984) defended the idea that mental images should be considered as the central elements of thought. In Europe, the Wurzburg school put forth the idea that certain mental process elements were non-pictorial and that imaging activity should be considered as the resul ...
GLUCOCORTICOIDS INCREASE CNS INFLAMMATION
... GR is increased. It is not until a sustained, major stressor that GR occupancy is saturated. Thus, MR is responsible for much of the effects of basal and low-stress levels of GCs (i.e. the permissive effects), whereas GR largely mediates the effects of high stress GC levels. This, combined with the ...
... GR is increased. It is not until a sustained, major stressor that GR occupancy is saturated. Thus, MR is responsible for much of the effects of basal and low-stress levels of GCs (i.e. the permissive effects), whereas GR largely mediates the effects of high stress GC levels. This, combined with the ...
Early and Rapid Targeting of Eye-Specific Axonal Projections to the
... France), Inspection des Services Vétérinaires (Lyon, France), European directive 86/609, and the California Regional Primate Center at University of California, Davis. Injections were performed on six macaque fetuses (E68, E72, E77, E77, E83, and E96). Successful labeling from both eyes was obtain ...
... France), Inspection des Services Vétérinaires (Lyon, France), European directive 86/609, and the California Regional Primate Center at University of California, Davis. Injections were performed on six macaque fetuses (E68, E72, E77, E77, E83, and E96). Successful labeling from both eyes was obtain ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... The asynchronous and time-continuous computation that takes place in biological systems is of great interest because of the capability of these systems to interact with the real-world. In this work we explore such computation in the spike-based winner-take-all network, by developing a theoretical mo ...
... The asynchronous and time-continuous computation that takes place in biological systems is of great interest because of the capability of these systems to interact with the real-world. In this work we explore such computation in the spike-based winner-take-all network, by developing a theoretical mo ...
Mirror Neuron System in Monkey: A Computational Modeling
... MNS1 model; the influence of IT and PFC on F5 is not analyzed further in the present paper. 1. The dorsal visual stream (parietal cortex) extracts parametric information about the object being attended. It does not "know" what the object is; it can only see the object as a set of possible affordance ...
... MNS1 model; the influence of IT and PFC on F5 is not analyzed further in the present paper. 1. The dorsal visual stream (parietal cortex) extracts parametric information about the object being attended. It does not "know" what the object is; it can only see the object as a set of possible affordance ...
Newborn infants` auditory system is sensitive to Western music
... (2012) points out that due to the layer-specific pattern of cortical maturation during infancy, more positive ERP components are expected than later on. In this study, to avoid confusion, changerelated enhancements in ERPs, whether positive or negative in polarity, are called mismatch responses (MMR ...
... (2012) points out that due to the layer-specific pattern of cortical maturation during infancy, more positive ERP components are expected than later on. In this study, to avoid confusion, changerelated enhancements in ERPs, whether positive or negative in polarity, are called mismatch responses (MMR ...
Dynamic Computation of Incentive Salience: “Wanting” What Was
... Salt depletion procedure. Sodium appetite average activity across trials in 50 ms bins. Note that the homeostatic day 1 unit fired robustly to the cue for sucrose but not to the was induced by a combined regimen of the di- cue for salt. By contrast, the unit recorded on sodium-depleted day 2 rose in ...
... Salt depletion procedure. Sodium appetite average activity across trials in 50 ms bins. Note that the homeostatic day 1 unit fired robustly to the cue for sucrose but not to the was induced by a combined regimen of the di- cue for salt. By contrast, the unit recorded on sodium-depleted day 2 rose in ...
Filamentous contacts: the ultrastructure and three
... material and neurofilaments were symmetrically disposed on the two sides of the junction. These he referred to as symmetrical filamentous contacts. These specializations have since been observed and commented upon in numerous studies of thalamic nuclei in various species, although they have not alwa ...
... material and neurofilaments were symmetrically disposed on the two sides of the junction. These he referred to as symmetrical filamentous contacts. These specializations have since been observed and commented upon in numerous studies of thalamic nuclei in various species, although they have not alwa ...
Axon Physiology - Physiological Reviews
... unmyelinated cortical axons in the mammalian brain varies between 0.08 and 0.4 m (48, 559). The complexity of axonal arborization is also variable. In one extreme, the cerebellar granule cell axon possesses a single T-shaped branch point that gives rise to the parallel fibers. On the other, many ax ...
... unmyelinated cortical axons in the mammalian brain varies between 0.08 and 0.4 m (48, 559). The complexity of axonal arborization is also variable. In one extreme, the cerebellar granule cell axon possesses a single T-shaped branch point that gives rise to the parallel fibers. On the other, many ax ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... eral medial vestibular nucleus (MVN). What is debatable is the extent of the recovery, which seems to vary in different studies according to the type of preparation used (see 41, 42 for discussion of this point; Table 2). Recently, Waespe et al. (21) have demonstrated, in the alert monkey, that a su ...
... eral medial vestibular nucleus (MVN). What is debatable is the extent of the recovery, which seems to vary in different studies according to the type of preparation used (see 41, 42 for discussion of this point; Table 2). Recently, Waespe et al. (21) have demonstrated, in the alert monkey, that a su ...