Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... ChAT-positive motor neurons were counted on both the intact and lesioned side of the C5, C6, and C7 spinal segments. Because ChAT immunoreactivity may be changed as a consequence of injury, serials sections stained with CV were also used to quantify the motor neurons as an independent marker. Only C ...
... ChAT-positive motor neurons were counted on both the intact and lesioned side of the C5, C6, and C7 spinal segments. Because ChAT immunoreactivity may be changed as a consequence of injury, serials sections stained with CV were also used to quantify the motor neurons as an independent marker. Only C ...
191 Advances in Anatomy Embryology and Cell Biology
... BrdU under conditions causing cell injury that may involve one or more of the nonmitotic processes (see next section for details), it is crucial to perform experiments that distinguish between mitotic and nonmitotic BrdU incorporation (Nowakowski and Hayes 2001; Rakic 2002a, b). Recombinant retrovir ...
... BrdU under conditions causing cell injury that may involve one or more of the nonmitotic processes (see next section for details), it is crucial to perform experiments that distinguish between mitotic and nonmitotic BrdU incorporation (Nowakowski and Hayes 2001; Rakic 2002a, b). Recombinant retrovir ...
Dynamical Properties of Neuronal Systems with
... no surprise that an organ capable of performing such complex tasks is itself complex. It comprises about eighty billion nerve cells that make one hundred trillion connections to each other, forming an elaborate structure that is organized on multiple spatial scales [151, 247]. How does this system c ...
... no surprise that an organ capable of performing such complex tasks is itself complex. It comprises about eighty billion nerve cells that make one hundred trillion connections to each other, forming an elaborate structure that is organized on multiple spatial scales [151, 247]. How does this system c ...
Cerebellar Diseases - Selam Higher Clinic
... hypoxia related seizures, the effect of seizure related electrical discharge on cerebellar Purkinje cells. - avoid phenytoin in an epileptic patient if ataxia /cerebellar atrophy present. ...
... hypoxia related seizures, the effect of seizure related electrical discharge on cerebellar Purkinje cells. - avoid phenytoin in an epileptic patient if ataxia /cerebellar atrophy present. ...
Comprehensive Review of Golgi Staining Methods for Nervous Tissue
... steadily increased up to the mid-1900s (Pannese, 1999). This staining method was the sole technique that could visualize neurons at that time. On the basis of this technological background, more modified and developed staining methods, such as Golgi–Cox, rapid Golgi, and Golgi–Kopsch staining, were ...
... steadily increased up to the mid-1900s (Pannese, 1999). This staining method was the sole technique that could visualize neurons at that time. On the basis of this technological background, more modified and developed staining methods, such as Golgi–Cox, rapid Golgi, and Golgi–Kopsch staining, were ...
Orexin/Hypocretin: A Neuropeptide at the Interface of Sleep, Energy
... (Fig. 2), and this distribution has been confirmed in human tissue (Elias et al., 1998). These cells diffusely project to the entire neuroaxis, excluding the cerebellum (Peyron et al., 1998; Date et al., 1999; Nambu et al., 1999) (Fig. 2). This anatomical structure suggests that the activity of orex ...
... (Fig. 2), and this distribution has been confirmed in human tissue (Elias et al., 1998). These cells diffusely project to the entire neuroaxis, excluding the cerebellum (Peyron et al., 1998; Date et al., 1999; Nambu et al., 1999) (Fig. 2). This anatomical structure suggests that the activity of orex ...
Emilia Biffi Editor - Biology at the University of Illinois at Urbana
... investigation. In this way, the series is unique in that it not only collects protocols but also includes theoretical background information and critiques which led to the methods and their development. Thus it gives the reader a better understanding of the origin of the techniques and their potenti ...
... investigation. In this way, the series is unique in that it not only collects protocols but also includes theoretical background information and critiques which led to the methods and their development. Thus it gives the reader a better understanding of the origin of the techniques and their potenti ...
CHEMICAL SIGNALS AND VOMERONASAL SYSTEM FUNCTION
... cloaca as the pair moves in a circle. After several minutes of waltzing, the male moves away from the female, which follows closely behind, often touching his tail with her snout. During this stage of courtship, the male slowly shakes the posterior parts of the body and tail from side to side with a ...
... cloaca as the pair moves in a circle. After several minutes of waltzing, the male moves away from the female, which follows closely behind, often touching his tail with her snout. During this stage of courtship, the male slowly shakes the posterior parts of the body and tail from side to side with a ...
Number, Density, and Surface/Cytoplasmic
... indicating the stability of the His6– GFP solutions. For the present study, the beads were used to calibrate the Leica confocal microscope system. Using GFP-beads at densities at 300, 600, and 1500 GFP per square micrometer, we measured sensitivities of 0.10379 and 0.06944 (counts per pixel per GFP ...
... indicating the stability of the His6– GFP solutions. For the present study, the beads were used to calibrate the Leica confocal microscope system. Using GFP-beads at densities at 300, 600, and 1500 GFP per square micrometer, we measured sensitivities of 0.10379 and 0.06944 (counts per pixel per GFP ...
hippocampo–cerebellar theta band phase synchrony in rabbits
... form using the Hilbert transform. Following this, the amplitudes of the signals were normalized to 1 (one) by dividing each data point by its absolute value. Then, the phase difference of the two signals in comparison was calculated by multiplying the first signal with the complex conjugate of the s ...
... form using the Hilbert transform. Following this, the amplitudes of the signals were normalized to 1 (one) by dividing each data point by its absolute value. Then, the phase difference of the two signals in comparison was calculated by multiplying the first signal with the complex conjugate of the s ...
Drosophila as a Model Organism for the Study of
... Given the complexity and sophistication of behavioral phenotypes in neuropsychiatric disorders, can an apparently much simpler organism such as Drosophila make a useful contribution to our understanding of these disorders? At a number of levels from behavioral to molecular, the answer is certainly y ...
... Given the complexity and sophistication of behavioral phenotypes in neuropsychiatric disorders, can an apparently much simpler organism such as Drosophila make a useful contribution to our understanding of these disorders? At a number of levels from behavioral to molecular, the answer is certainly y ...
Sample
... 20) Damaged axons can be repaired in the body, but not in the brain or spinal cord. Only ______ cells generate axonal regrowth after an injury. A) Schwann cells injury. B) neurons C) stem cells D) red blood cells ...
... 20) Damaged axons can be repaired in the body, but not in the brain or spinal cord. Only ______ cells generate axonal regrowth after an injury. A) Schwann cells injury. B) neurons C) stem cells D) red blood cells ...
Disentanglement of local field potential sources by independent
... or current source density (CSD) analysis of raw LFPs can satisfactorily separate and localize different cellular generators of LFPs. More recent approaches based on coherence analysis (Kocsis et al. 1999; Montgomery et al. 2009), principal component analysis or laminar population analysis (Einevoll ...
... or current source density (CSD) analysis of raw LFPs can satisfactorily separate and localize different cellular generators of LFPs. More recent approaches based on coherence analysis (Kocsis et al. 1999; Montgomery et al. 2009), principal component analysis or laminar population analysis (Einevoll ...
CRANIAL NERVES: Functional Anatomy
... For those of you who will become physicians and general practitioners, cranial nerves are important. Undergraduate anatomy is probably the last time you will study their anatomy, so you need to get the hang of it first time round. This book was written with you in mind. It assumes that you will have ...
... For those of you who will become physicians and general practitioners, cranial nerves are important. Undergraduate anatomy is probably the last time you will study their anatomy, so you need to get the hang of it first time round. This book was written with you in mind. It assumes that you will have ...
A computational model of action selection in the basal ganglia. I. A
... central nervous system. The overall activity level of the neural representation of a given action may determine its salience or propensity to be selected for execution, as proposed by Koechlin and Burnod (1996). Rather than dealing directly with the neural codes for each action, we propose that the ...
... central nervous system. The overall activity level of the neural representation of a given action may determine its salience or propensity to be selected for execution, as proposed by Koechlin and Burnod (1996). Rather than dealing directly with the neural codes for each action, we propose that the ...
Muscle tone regulation during REM sleep
... 1989; Lai and Siegel, 1991; Xi et al., 2001). The equivalent region in rats is described as the sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD) (Swanson, 1998; Boissard et al., 2002, 2003; Lu et al., 2006; Luppi et al., 2006). As all of our results were obtained from rats and mice, we will use the term ‘SLD’ througho ...
... 1989; Lai and Siegel, 1991; Xi et al., 2001). The equivalent region in rats is described as the sublaterodorsal nucleus (SLD) (Swanson, 1998; Boissard et al., 2002, 2003; Lu et al., 2006; Luppi et al., 2006). As all of our results were obtained from rats and mice, we will use the term ‘SLD’ througho ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... needed in stressful or frightening situations. During these fight-orflight events, the sympathetic division exhibits a mass activation response, whereby all components receiving sympathetic innervation get stimulated. (In contrast, the parasympathetic division is discrete and localized, meaning only ...
... needed in stressful or frightening situations. During these fight-orflight events, the sympathetic division exhibits a mass activation response, whereby all components receiving sympathetic innervation get stimulated. (In contrast, the parasympathetic division is discrete and localized, meaning only ...
Forebrain glutamatergic neurons mediate leptin action on
... studies have found an association between low levels of leptin and major depressive disorders.25–27 Of note, a recent study by Lawson et al.28 reported an inverse correlation between leptin levels and the severity of depression symptoms. These correlational studies suggest that leptin signaling may ...
... studies have found an association between low levels of leptin and major depressive disorders.25–27 Of note, a recent study by Lawson et al.28 reported an inverse correlation between leptin levels and the severity of depression symptoms. These correlational studies suggest that leptin signaling may ...
- Wiley Online Library
... chromaffin cells have no dendritic arbors or axonal outgrowths; they are conical in shape (Carmichael 1986). Second, chromaffin cells do not secrete catecholamines in close proximity to their specific target organ, they release catecholamines into the general circulation to affect multiple, distant ...
... chromaffin cells have no dendritic arbors or axonal outgrowths; they are conical in shape (Carmichael 1986). Second, chromaffin cells do not secrete catecholamines in close proximity to their specific target organ, they release catecholamines into the general circulation to affect multiple, distant ...
Neuronal LRP1 Knockout in Adult Mice Leads to Impaired Brain
... further show that the levels of glutamate receptor subunits NMDA receptor 1 and Glu receptor 1 are selectively reduced in LRP1 forebrain knock-out mice and in LRP1 knockdown neurons, which is partially rescued by restoring neuronal cholesterol. Together, these studies support a critical role for LRP ...
... further show that the levels of glutamate receptor subunits NMDA receptor 1 and Glu receptor 1 are selectively reduced in LRP1 forebrain knock-out mice and in LRP1 knockdown neurons, which is partially rescued by restoring neuronal cholesterol. Together, these studies support a critical role for LRP ...
Axon Initiation and Growth Cone Turning on Bound Protein Gradients Cellular/Molecular Junyu Mai,
... sophisticated methods have been developed. These systems (Baier and Bonhoeffer, 1992; Dertinger et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2006) mostly required sophisticated device fabrication and experimental set-up, large amounts of protein, and relatively long preparation time. Another novel method based on co ...
... sophisticated methods have been developed. These systems (Baier and Bonhoeffer, 1992; Dertinger et al., 2002; Moore et al., 2006) mostly required sophisticated device fabrication and experimental set-up, large amounts of protein, and relatively long preparation time. Another novel method based on co ...
The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders
... cortices (respectively PMd and PMv) (Nambu et al., 1996, 1997, 2002). These projections innervate predominantly the dorsal aspects of the nucleus and are integral components in the motor loops of the basal ganglia. The ventromedial portion of the STN receives afferents from the frontal eye ®eld (are ...
... cortices (respectively PMd and PMv) (Nambu et al., 1996, 1997, 2002). These projections innervate predominantly the dorsal aspects of the nucleus and are integral components in the motor loops of the basal ganglia. The ventromedial portion of the STN receives afferents from the frontal eye ®eld (are ...
Plasticity-related genes in brain development and amygdala
... memory (Kandel & O’Dell 1992). Throughout life, neural plasticity is necessary to provide adaptive and enduring refinement of the brain and behavior. Brain structure and function must be permanently altered in the face of developmental cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the ...
... memory (Kandel & O’Dell 1992). Throughout life, neural plasticity is necessary to provide adaptive and enduring refinement of the brain and behavior. Brain structure and function must be permanently altered in the face of developmental cues, and comparable long-term alterations are thought to be the ...
Quinto trabajo
... processes in some injury models. However, targeted disruption of this protein produces limited phenotypic abnormalities during development, but excitotoxic cell death can be partially prevented in adult striatum. Here, we have examined the compensatory mechanisms activated by the lack of Bax during ...
... processes in some injury models. However, targeted disruption of this protein produces limited phenotypic abnormalities during development, but excitotoxic cell death can be partially prevented in adult striatum. Here, we have examined the compensatory mechanisms activated by the lack of Bax during ...