Schwann Cells Stimulated to Proliferate in the Absence of Neurons
... for axons of 1 pm or more in diameter (Wood, 1976). Thus it is possible to demonstrate functional interactions between neurons and Schwann cells at several levels, and to recreate in vitro many of the events known to occur in vivo during development of the peripheral nervous system. It is difficult, ...
... for axons of 1 pm or more in diameter (Wood, 1976). Thus it is possible to demonstrate functional interactions between neurons and Schwann cells at several levels, and to recreate in vitro many of the events known to occur in vivo during development of the peripheral nervous system. It is difficult, ...
The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
... isocortex ~4. The neurotransmitter of the corti- intruding into the normal flow of motor activity. In costriatal afferents is probably glutamate ~s. The addition, all these abnormal movements share a only other basal ganglia structure to receive signifi- common pharmacology in that the abnormal move ...
... isocortex ~4. The neurotransmitter of the corti- intruding into the normal flow of motor activity. In costriatal afferents is probably glutamate ~s. The addition, all these abnormal movements share a only other basal ganglia structure to receive signifi- common pharmacology in that the abnormal move ...
Slide - Reza Shadmehr
... Spindle is in parallel to the extrafusal muscle fibers Stimulation of the g-motor neuron shortens the spindle. This results in increased firing in the spindle afferent. ...
... Spindle is in parallel to the extrafusal muscle fibers Stimulation of the g-motor neuron shortens the spindle. This results in increased firing in the spindle afferent. ...
Encoding of Action History in the Rat Ventral Striatum
... functions because a reward or penalty resulting from a particular action is often revealed after a substantial temporal delay. This problem, referred to as temporal credit assignment, is not trivial for several reasons. First, information about the consequences of a particular action is necessarily ...
... functions because a reward or penalty resulting from a particular action is often revealed after a substantial temporal delay. This problem, referred to as temporal credit assignment, is not trivial for several reasons. First, information about the consequences of a particular action is necessarily ...
BMC Neuroscience Serial pathways from primate prefrontal cortex to autonomic areas
... We then used a different approach to obtain an overview of the origin and relative strength of serial pathways leading from the prefrontal cortex to the hypothalamus, and from the hypothalamus to autonomic regions in the brainstem, in addition to the spinal autonomic center, demonstrated above. We a ...
... We then used a different approach to obtain an overview of the origin and relative strength of serial pathways leading from the prefrontal cortex to the hypothalamus, and from the hypothalamus to autonomic regions in the brainstem, in addition to the spinal autonomic center, demonstrated above. We a ...
Spinal cord - Scranton Prep Biology
... Neurons that act directly as sensory receptors produce action potentials and have an axon that extends into the CNS Non-neuronal sensory receptors form chemical synapses with sensory neurons They typically respond to stimuli by increasing the rate at which the sensory neurons produce action po ...
... Neurons that act directly as sensory receptors produce action potentials and have an axon that extends into the CNS Non-neuronal sensory receptors form chemical synapses with sensory neurons They typically respond to stimuli by increasing the rate at which the sensory neurons produce action po ...
Anatomical origins of ocular dominance in mouse primary visual cortex
... (Dräger and Olsen, 1980). The vertical meridian (which corresponds to the line of decussation, see Figure 1A) was easily identifiable because the ventrotemporal crescent (VTC) (i.e. the ipsilaterally projecting domain) was labeled in all retinas. Images (0.4 × 0.4 mm) of each RGC population were acq ...
... (Dräger and Olsen, 1980). The vertical meridian (which corresponds to the line of decussation, see Figure 1A) was easily identifiable because the ventrotemporal crescent (VTC) (i.e. the ipsilaterally projecting domain) was labeled in all retinas. Images (0.4 × 0.4 mm) of each RGC population were acq ...
Temporal coding in the gustatory system
... systematic differences across the various classes of taste stimuli, implying that the temporal characteristics of a response can convey information about a taste stimulus. Studies of temporal coding in the gustatory system have grappled with several unique methodological challenges, including the qu ...
... systematic differences across the various classes of taste stimuli, implying that the temporal characteristics of a response can convey information about a taste stimulus. Studies of temporal coding in the gustatory system have grappled with several unique methodological challenges, including the qu ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibular nucleus, the parasolitary nucleus (Psol). This nucleus consists of 2,300 GABAergic neurons that project onto the ipsilateral inferior ol ...
... the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibular nucleus, the parasolitary nucleus (Psol). This nucleus consists of 2,300 GABAergic neurons that project onto the ipsilateral inferior ol ...
Optical Imaging of Neural Structure and Physiology: Confocal
... neural organization at the subcellular, cellular, and tissue levels of organization (Turner et al., 1996). Indeed, the confocal microscope was initially conceived and developed with the goal of elucidating the neural organization of the brain (Minsky, 1961, 1988). The successful application of moder ...
... neural organization at the subcellular, cellular, and tissue levels of organization (Turner et al., 1996). Indeed, the confocal microscope was initially conceived and developed with the goal of elucidating the neural organization of the brain (Minsky, 1961, 1988). The successful application of moder ...
The Neurology of Posture
... brain (2nd order neurons). And if the neurons to the brain can fire more easily, it’s possible to experience more pain for less input. So in an extreme case, like fibromyalgia, you can see that the entire cord might be lit up with central sensitization. If you step back a bit you may also see that w ...
... brain (2nd order neurons). And if the neurons to the brain can fire more easily, it’s possible to experience more pain for less input. So in an extreme case, like fibromyalgia, you can see that the entire cord might be lit up with central sensitization. If you step back a bit you may also see that w ...
The Spinal Interneurons and Properties of
... cellular components of this response pathway? The trunk skin is innervated by one class of sensory neurons in the dorsal spinal cord, Rohon-Beard (RB) neurons. These respond to touch and strokes, adapt very rapidly, and can also be excited by current pulses to the skin (Clarke et al., 1984). In the ...
... cellular components of this response pathway? The trunk skin is innervated by one class of sensory neurons in the dorsal spinal cord, Rohon-Beard (RB) neurons. These respond to touch and strokes, adapt very rapidly, and can also be excited by current pulses to the skin (Clarke et al., 1984). In the ...
Lecture 1
... Myelinated axons: sheath of Schwann and myelin sheath one Schwann cell myelinates a single axon multiple Schwann cells needed to cover entire length of an axon ...
... Myelinated axons: sheath of Schwann and myelin sheath one Schwann cell myelinates a single axon multiple Schwann cells needed to cover entire length of an axon ...
Functional neuroanatomy of the primate isocortical motor system
... techniques that have been used in recent years and that have revealed details that may have been overlooked in previous studies. Second, the maps vary in terms of size, extent, and topography of cortical areas. This variability very often results from observer-dependent criteria used by different in ...
... techniques that have been used in recent years and that have revealed details that may have been overlooked in previous studies. Second, the maps vary in terms of size, extent, and topography of cortical areas. This variability very often results from observer-dependent criteria used by different in ...
The hippocampus of the eastern rock sengi:
... divergence/convergence for main species effects, with Bonferronicorrected post hoc testing for differences between species pairs. P-values less than 0.05 (two-tailed) were considered significant. R (version 2.15.3) was used for the following analysis. The relationship between species and hippocampal ...
... divergence/convergence for main species effects, with Bonferronicorrected post hoc testing for differences between species pairs. P-values less than 0.05 (two-tailed) were considered significant. R (version 2.15.3) was used for the following analysis. The relationship between species and hippocampal ...
GAP-43 Expression in Primary Sensory Neurons following Central
... central terminal labeling produced by peripheral nerve section, even though vacant synaptic sites were produced in unstained laminae by this procedure. This indicates that the location of GAP-43 immunolabeling in the central terminals of primed sensory cells may not depend only on the location of va ...
... central terminal labeling produced by peripheral nerve section, even though vacant synaptic sites were produced in unstained laminae by this procedure. This indicates that the location of GAP-43 immunolabeling in the central terminals of primed sensory cells may not depend only on the location of va ...
learning motor skills by imitation: a biologically inspired robotic model
... 1996; Whiten & Ham, 1992)). Note that recent studies in humans measured an increased activity of left Broca’s area (area 45) (Rizzolati et al., 1996b) and in the left dorsal premotor area 6,2 during both observation and execution of hand actions. The discovery of the mirror system in monkeys is very ...
... 1996; Whiten & Ham, 1992)). Note that recent studies in humans measured an increased activity of left Broca’s area (area 45) (Rizzolati et al., 1996b) and in the left dorsal premotor area 6,2 during both observation and execution of hand actions. The discovery of the mirror system in monkeys is very ...
The Dorsal Visual System Predicts Future and Remembers Past Eye
... current, and future eye positions. For instance, before executing a saccade, the visual system could use information on the future eye position to remap visual information from neurons currently receiving input from a specific spatial location to those receiving input from that location after the sa ...
... current, and future eye positions. For instance, before executing a saccade, the visual system could use information on the future eye position to remap visual information from neurons currently receiving input from a specific spatial location to those receiving input from that location after the sa ...
Appetitive associative learning recruits a distinct
... Image acquisition and analysis Single-labeled Fos. To select areas for analysis, a well-trained observer unaware of experimental condition examined Fos immunoreactivity throughout the forebrain in representative brains from each group. Areas with moderate or high levels of Fos expression were chosen ...
... Image acquisition and analysis Single-labeled Fos. To select areas for analysis, a well-trained observer unaware of experimental condition examined Fos immunoreactivity throughout the forebrain in representative brains from each group. Areas with moderate or high levels of Fos expression were chosen ...
Synaptic inhibition is caused by:
... Transmission across a synapse is accomplished by a chemical transmitter, contained within vesicles in the synaptic cleft. ...
... Transmission across a synapse is accomplished by a chemical transmitter, contained within vesicles in the synaptic cleft. ...
Differentiating Noxious- and Innocuous
... SII associated with painful stimuli, but results have been variable, and the functional relevance of any such activation is uncertain. The present study addresses this issue by testing whether the time course of somatosensory activation, evoked by painful heat and nonpainful tactile stimuli, is suff ...
... SII associated with painful stimuli, but results have been variable, and the functional relevance of any such activation is uncertain. The present study addresses this issue by testing whether the time course of somatosensory activation, evoked by painful heat and nonpainful tactile stimuli, is suff ...
Chapter 15: Special Senses
... • Second-order neurons conducts impulses from spinal cord or brainstem to thalamus--cross over to opposite side before reaching thalamus • Third-order neuron conducts impulses from thalamus to primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe) Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS ...
... • Second-order neurons conducts impulses from spinal cord or brainstem to thalamus--cross over to opposite side before reaching thalamus • Third-order neuron conducts impulses from thalamus to primary somatosensory cortex (postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe) Tortora & Grabowski 9/e 2000 JWS ...
Full PDF
... role as a master switch to activate multiple efferent pathways of the defense response.” It is evident that, although the forebrain (e.g., the cerebral cortex) assists in directing survival behaviors and in assuring that they are appropriate to changes in the external environment, the basic circuitr ...
... role as a master switch to activate multiple efferent pathways of the defense response.” It is evident that, although the forebrain (e.g., the cerebral cortex) assists in directing survival behaviors and in assuring that they are appropriate to changes in the external environment, the basic circuitr ...
Regulation of Respiration
... generated by a network of neurons called the PreBrotzinger complex. These neurons display pacemaker activity. They are located near the upper end of the medullary respiratory centre ...
... generated by a network of neurons called the PreBrotzinger complex. These neurons display pacemaker activity. They are located near the upper end of the medullary respiratory centre ...
Motion Perception, Psychology of - The School of Life Sciences at
... first position or at the second (dashed outlines). Observers do perceive movement in stimuli of this kind ± it is the basis for the movement seen in TV and movies. TV images are displayed as a series of static images or frames presented very rapidly (50 frames per second in Europe, 60 frames per sec ...
... first position or at the second (dashed outlines). Observers do perceive movement in stimuli of this kind ± it is the basis for the movement seen in TV and movies. TV images are displayed as a series of static images or frames presented very rapidly (50 frames per second in Europe, 60 frames per sec ...