Position of Larval Tapeworms, Polypocephalus sp., in the Ganglia of
... Polypocephalus sp. within the ganglia might be extremely specific, for two reasons. First, being closer to the functionally important area of the nervous system would allow a greater probability of manipulation (i.e., ‘‘access to the control panel’’), particularly if the mechanism of manipulation in ...
... Polypocephalus sp. within the ganglia might be extremely specific, for two reasons. First, being closer to the functionally important area of the nervous system would allow a greater probability of manipulation (i.e., ‘‘access to the control panel’’), particularly if the mechanism of manipulation in ...
NEUROGENESIS IN THE ANTERIOR OLFACTORY NUCLEUS AND
... was designated embryonic day one (El). Normally, births occur on E23, which is also designated as postnatal day zero (P0). The postnatal developmental series had two groups of rat pups, each group containing males from at least two litters. The pups were given four (P0-P3, P2-P5) consecutive daily i ...
... was designated embryonic day one (El). Normally, births occur on E23, which is also designated as postnatal day zero (P0). The postnatal developmental series had two groups of rat pups, each group containing males from at least two litters. The pups were given four (P0-P3, P2-P5) consecutive daily i ...
Highly Specific Olfactory Receptor Neurons for Types of Amino
... identify and discriminate extracellularly recorded action potentials were peak amplitude, valley amplitude, spike height, spike width, spike time, and time between spikes. Spike events, EOG signals, and experimental parameters (i.e., beginning of a recording period, onset of stimulation, and end of ...
... identify and discriminate extracellularly recorded action potentials were peak amplitude, valley amplitude, spike height, spike width, spike time, and time between spikes. Spike events, EOG signals, and experimental parameters (i.e., beginning of a recording period, onset of stimulation, and end of ...
Networks of Spiking Neurons: The Third Generation of
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
... bit 1 is coded by the firing of a neuron within a certain short time window, and 0 by the non-firing of this neuron within this time window (see e.g., Valiant, 1994). However, under this coding scheme a threshold circuit provides a reasonably good model for a network of spiking neurons only if the f ...
Introduction to the Brain presenter notes
... the brain as a functional unit; it is made up of billions of nerve cells (neurons) that communicate with each other using electrical and chemical signals. ...
... the brain as a functional unit; it is made up of billions of nerve cells (neurons) that communicate with each other using electrical and chemical signals. ...
The Brain and Addiction
... spinal cord. Describe the brain as a functional unit; it is made up of billions of nerve cells (neurons) that communicate with each other using electrical and chemical signals. ...
... spinal cord. Describe the brain as a functional unit; it is made up of billions of nerve cells (neurons) that communicate with each other using electrical and chemical signals. ...
one WHAT IS AN AMPHIBIAN MALFORMATION?
... Epigenetic Genes and gene expression are normal but some deviation from expected environmental circumstances occurs where and at the time when genes are being expressed (due perhaps to a lack of nutrition, to the presence of toxins that disturb cell-to-cell interactions, to the presence of other ch ...
... Epigenetic Genes and gene expression are normal but some deviation from expected environmental circumstances occurs where and at the time when genes are being expressed (due perhaps to a lack of nutrition, to the presence of toxins that disturb cell-to-cell interactions, to the presence of other ch ...
Effects of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Antagonist MCPG
... prepared from young adult (postnatal day 35–postnatal day 50) rats The first series of experiments was conducted using slices of visual cortex from young adult [postnatal day 35 (P35)–P50] rats. We first asked what infusion time was required to reach a steadystate concentration of drug in the tissue ...
... prepared from young adult (postnatal day 35–postnatal day 50) rats The first series of experiments was conducted using slices of visual cortex from young adult [postnatal day 35 (P35)–P50] rats. We first asked what infusion time was required to reach a steadystate concentration of drug in the tissue ...
Integrative actions of the reticular formation The reticular activating
... and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more profound EEG sleep changes than did the cerveau isol~ preparation, in which optic and olfactory pathways could still provide afferents to the R.F •• Forbes (1949) found it difficult to assume that barbiturate anesthesia, which synchroniz ...
... and Bowden (1949) that basal diencephalic injury produced more profound EEG sleep changes than did the cerveau isol~ preparation, in which optic and olfactory pathways could still provide afferents to the R.F •• Forbes (1949) found it difficult to assume that barbiturate anesthesia, which synchroniz ...
A Simple Biophysically Plausible Model for Long Time
... Experimental and theoretical work has been primarily focused on persistent firing with a stable firing frequency. Indeed, neurons can retain the information that a stimulus was presented by maintaining a stable elevated firing rate after the stimulus has ended. However, stable persistent firing cann ...
... Experimental and theoretical work has been primarily focused on persistent firing with a stable firing frequency. Indeed, neurons can retain the information that a stimulus was presented by maintaining a stable elevated firing rate after the stimulus has ended. However, stable persistent firing cann ...
ACQ_and_the_Basal_Ganglia
... • Different actor-critic architectures have been proposed for learning different value functions: – V(s) = State values (most common) – V(a) = Action values – Q(s,a) = State, action pair values ...
... • Different actor-critic architectures have been proposed for learning different value functions: – V(s) = State values (most common) – V(a) = Action values – Q(s,a) = State, action pair values ...
Activity in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Reflects Multiple Steps of
... the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the individual future events that occur as a result of the actions? To answer this question, we examined neuronal activity in the dorsolateral PFC of monkeys that performed a p ...
... the activity of PFC neurons during the process of planning reflect the multiple movements required during future actions or the individual future events that occur as a result of the actions? To answer this question, we examined neuronal activity in the dorsolateral PFC of monkeys that performed a p ...
The Development of Ocular Dominance Columns
... interfere with the normal process of geniculocortical afferent segregation. They do not, however, reveal whether neural activity is necessary for normal segregation, as would be the case if the Hebb mechanism were responsible. To investigate this question, Stryker and Harris (1986) blocked neural ac ...
... interfere with the normal process of geniculocortical afferent segregation. They do not, however, reveal whether neural activity is necessary for normal segregation, as would be the case if the Hebb mechanism were responsible. To investigate this question, Stryker and Harris (1986) blocked neural ac ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... responses had cell bodies in oriens and projected to lacunosum-moleculare, while another set of neurons were depolarized by only alpha-7 receptors and appeared spread through many layers (McQuiston and Madison, 1999a). The direct depolarization of interneurons is consistent with the fact that nicoti ...
... responses had cell bodies in oriens and projected to lacunosum-moleculare, while another set of neurons were depolarized by only alpha-7 receptors and appeared spread through many layers (McQuiston and Madison, 1999a). The direct depolarization of interneurons is consistent with the fact that nicoti ...
From spike frequency to free recall:
... An extensive literature concerns the mechanisms of human episodic memory (Tulving and Markovitch, 1999). For the purpose of the modeling presented here, episodic memory is defined as the memory of an individual for a set of related events within an episode experienced by the subject within a specifi ...
... An extensive literature concerns the mechanisms of human episodic memory (Tulving and Markovitch, 1999). For the purpose of the modeling presented here, episodic memory is defined as the memory of an individual for a set of related events within an episode experienced by the subject within a specifi ...
PDF
... with Bonferroni-Holm post-hoc test. Pair-wise comparisons were made using Student’s t-test. To identify and analyse separately the neurite arbours of SCG and trigeminal neurons co-cultured in the same dish, these two kinds of neurons were transfected with YFP- and DsRed-expressing plasmids, respecti ...
... with Bonferroni-Holm post-hoc test. Pair-wise comparisons were made using Student’s t-test. To identify and analyse separately the neurite arbours of SCG and trigeminal neurons co-cultured in the same dish, these two kinds of neurons were transfected with YFP- and DsRed-expressing plasmids, respecti ...
Pansynaptic Enlargement at Adult Cortical
... Rodent primary somatosensory cortex (SI) contains an orderly map of the large facial whiskers, with a precise topographic correspondence between the arrangement of the whiskers on the snout and cell clusters in layer 4 of contralateral SI, termed barrels (Woolsey and Van der Loos 1970). This enables ...
... Rodent primary somatosensory cortex (SI) contains an orderly map of the large facial whiskers, with a precise topographic correspondence between the arrangement of the whiskers on the snout and cell clusters in layer 4 of contralateral SI, termed barrels (Woolsey and Van der Loos 1970). This enables ...
Preview as PDF - Pearson Higher Education
... neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the peripheral nervous system). Myelin wraps around the shaft of the axons, forming an insulating and protective sheath. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together as “cab ...
... neurons in the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system); Schwann cells produce myelin for the neurons of the body (the peripheral nervous system). Myelin wraps around the shaft of the axons, forming an insulating and protective sheath. Bundles of myelin-coated axons travel together as “cab ...
Anatomy and regulation of the central melanocortin system
... of arcuate POMC neurons expressed detectable GFP. Whole-cell patchclamp recordings and a loose cell-attached patch method using this system were then developed to characterize the responsiveness of these neurons to leptin and other agents37–41. All POMC neurons seem to show spontaneous action potent ...
... of arcuate POMC neurons expressed detectable GFP. Whole-cell patchclamp recordings and a loose cell-attached patch method using this system were then developed to characterize the responsiveness of these neurons to leptin and other agents37–41. All POMC neurons seem to show spontaneous action potent ...
Medial Prefrontal Cortices Are Unified by Common Connections With Superior
... Price, 1995; for reviews see Pandya et al., 1988; Barbas, 1995a, 1997), but there is little information on the cortical connections of the anterior medial areas, and in particular areas 10 and 9. Here we studied the cortical connections of all medial areas with a goal to determine whether specific s ...
... Price, 1995; for reviews see Pandya et al., 1988; Barbas, 1995a, 1997), but there is little information on the cortical connections of the anterior medial areas, and in particular areas 10 and 9. Here we studied the cortical connections of all medial areas with a goal to determine whether specific s ...
Chapter 16 - MBFys Home Page
... Many of the cells in the vestibular nuclei that receive this information are upper motor neurons with descending axons that terminate in the medial region of the spinal cord gray matter, although some extend more laterally to contact the neurons that control the proximal muscles of the limbs. The pr ...
... Many of the cells in the vestibular nuclei that receive this information are upper motor neurons with descending axons that terminate in the medial region of the spinal cord gray matter, although some extend more laterally to contact the neurons that control the proximal muscles of the limbs. The pr ...
Immunology of Multiple Sclerosis
... and the ages at which these landmarks are reached, follow a predefined schedule not obviously influenced by relapses, whenever they may occur, or by the initial course of the disease, whatever its type. They concluded that relapsingremitting MS can be regarded as MS in which insufficient time has el ...
... and the ages at which these landmarks are reached, follow a predefined schedule not obviously influenced by relapses, whenever they may occur, or by the initial course of the disease, whatever its type. They concluded that relapsingremitting MS can be regarded as MS in which insufficient time has el ...
T3 Final Paper - Drew University
... odors were processed in the OT and the hippocampus, which receives less prominent olfactory input. In contrast to previous recordings conducted in the lab, none of the cells recorded showed clear patterned responses to any of the odors presented, suggesting that they were not tuned. However, a more ...
... odors were processed in the OT and the hippocampus, which receives less prominent olfactory input. In contrast to previous recordings conducted in the lab, none of the cells recorded showed clear patterned responses to any of the odors presented, suggesting that they were not tuned. However, a more ...
Severe Reduction of Rat Defensive Behavior to a Predator by
... responses resembling the behavior of animals facing natural threats have now been obtained from a number of hypothalamic medial zone sites [34]. However, a great deal remains to be learned about the functional role of these centers, and about how they are integrated into neural systems or circuits s ...
... responses resembling the behavior of animals facing natural threats have now been obtained from a number of hypothalamic medial zone sites [34]. However, a great deal remains to be learned about the functional role of these centers, and about how they are integrated into neural systems or circuits s ...
Mental Processes -- How the Mind Arises from the Brain Roger Ellman
... that the evolved human nervous system recapitulates and has as functioning subsystems the evolutionary history of the earlier developed stages of nervous system. Whether, if one were to design a human "from scratch", one would include all of these mechanisms is a hypothetical question to be perhaps ...
... that the evolved human nervous system recapitulates and has as functioning subsystems the evolutionary history of the earlier developed stages of nervous system. Whether, if one were to design a human "from scratch", one would include all of these mechanisms is a hypothetical question to be perhaps ...