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Minireview - Leslie Vosshall
... a small group of central brain neurons called mAL likely involved in taste sensation depends on fru function for survival, and these cells are programmed to die in normal females (Kimura et al., 2005). The same group has recently extended this work to demonstrate that another subset of male-specific ...
... a small group of central brain neurons called mAL likely involved in taste sensation depends on fru function for survival, and these cells are programmed to die in normal females (Kimura et al., 2005). The same group has recently extended this work to demonstrate that another subset of male-specific ...
Datasheet - Creative Diagnostics
... where it rapidly binds to gangliosides at the presynaptic membrane of inhibitory motor nerve endings. The clinical manifestations of tetanus are caused when tetanus toxin blocks inhibitory impulses, by interfering with the release of neurotransmitters, including glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid. ...
... where it rapidly binds to gangliosides at the presynaptic membrane of inhibitory motor nerve endings. The clinical manifestations of tetanus are caused when tetanus toxin blocks inhibitory impulses, by interfering with the release of neurotransmitters, including glycine and gamma-aminobutyric acid. ...
Neuronal Calcium Signaling Review
... 1996). Calcium release in cardiac cells is mediated by the type 2 RYR, which is the predominant isoform found in the brain. In cardiac cells, these RYR2 channels are closely apposed to the Ca21 channels in the plasma membrane across the 15 nm junctional gap that separates the sarcolemma from the sar ...
... 1996). Calcium release in cardiac cells is mediated by the type 2 RYR, which is the predominant isoform found in the brain. In cardiac cells, these RYR2 channels are closely apposed to the Ca21 channels in the plasma membrane across the 15 nm junctional gap that separates the sarcolemma from the sar ...
On the Role of the Pontine Brainstem in Vocal Pattern Generation: A
... positioned on the left side were mirrored to the right for better overview. Highlighted squares indicate the ventrolateral brainstem hoc tests with Bonferroni’s were conducted to shown enlarged in Figures 3, 6, and 9. AS, aquaeductus sylvii; BC, brachium conjunctivum; BP brachium pontis; Cb, cerebel ...
... positioned on the left side were mirrored to the right for better overview. Highlighted squares indicate the ventrolateral brainstem hoc tests with Bonferroni’s were conducted to shown enlarged in Figures 3, 6, and 9. AS, aquaeductus sylvii; BC, brachium conjunctivum; BP brachium pontis; Cb, cerebel ...
Ramón y Cajal, 19 th century
... Neuronal activity changes the intracellular calcium. Via changes in intra-cellular calcium, neurons change their morphology with respect to their axonal and dendritic shape. This leads to changes in neuronal connectivity which, in turn, adapts neuronal activity. The goal is that by these changes neu ...
... Neuronal activity changes the intracellular calcium. Via changes in intra-cellular calcium, neurons change their morphology with respect to their axonal and dendritic shape. This leads to changes in neuronal connectivity which, in turn, adapts neuronal activity. The goal is that by these changes neu ...
Modulation of Responses of Feline Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract
... were tested for the effects of ionophoretically applied monoamines and receptor selective agonists. Extracellularly recorded responses, monosynaptically evoked by group I afferents in a muscle nerve, were compared before, during, and after ionophoresis. They were analyzed with respect to changes in ...
... were tested for the effects of ionophoretically applied monoamines and receptor selective agonists. Extracellularly recorded responses, monosynaptically evoked by group I afferents in a muscle nerve, were compared before, during, and after ionophoresis. They were analyzed with respect to changes in ...
The Adenosine Story Goes Ionic: CaV2.1
... of a functionally responsive Ca2+ channel with preserved expression levels, but compromised primarily in G-protein-mediated inhibition.22 The hypothesis to be tested by Deboer et al.7 was clear: if CaV2.1 channels mediate some of adenosinergic actions on sleep, then these animals should show attenua ...
... of a functionally responsive Ca2+ channel with preserved expression levels, but compromised primarily in G-protein-mediated inhibition.22 The hypothesis to be tested by Deboer et al.7 was clear: if CaV2.1 channels mediate some of adenosinergic actions on sleep, then these animals should show attenua ...
Study Guide
... • In previous assignments, you have been exposed to various pieces of primary literature, i.e., original articles in which scientists report (for the first time) the experiments they performed and the results they obtained. This week's discussion covers a somewhat different form of scientific writin ...
... • In previous assignments, you have been exposed to various pieces of primary literature, i.e., original articles in which scientists report (for the first time) the experiments they performed and the results they obtained. This week's discussion covers a somewhat different form of scientific writin ...
Copy of the full paper
... signals by precisely computing the neurons’ asynchronous spikes. Neuron models can precisely describe the biophysics of spikes (action potentials) by computing the currents flowing through cell membrane and synaptic nodes. It is possible to reduce the size of these models to facilitate their computa ...
... signals by precisely computing the neurons’ asynchronous spikes. Neuron models can precisely describe the biophysics of spikes (action potentials) by computing the currents flowing through cell membrane and synaptic nodes. It is possible to reduce the size of these models to facilitate their computa ...
An Introduction to the Nervous System
... the membrane’s permeability to these ions is very low • Na+ has only a small effect on the normal resting potential, making it just ...
... the membrane’s permeability to these ions is very low • Na+ has only a small effect on the normal resting potential, making it just ...
Reward-Dependent Spatial Selectivity of Anticipatory Activity in
... a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each block of trials, we found that a group of neurons in the monkey caudate nucleus (CD) showed activity before presentation of an instruction cue stimulus. Among 329 CD neurons that were related to memory-guided ...
... a memory-guided saccade task, in which only one out of four directions was rewarded in each block of trials, we found that a group of neurons in the monkey caudate nucleus (CD) showed activity before presentation of an instruction cue stimulus. Among 329 CD neurons that were related to memory-guided ...
Dorsal Column Nuclei Neurons Recorded in a Brain Stem–Spinal
... nuclei (DCN) neurons may use glutamate as the main neurotransmitter since ionophoretic applications of glutamate in the vicinity of these neurons caused excitation (Galindo et al. 1967), while 1-hydroxy-3-aminopyrrolid-2-one (HA-966, an excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist) blocked excitatory s ...
... nuclei (DCN) neurons may use glutamate as the main neurotransmitter since ionophoretic applications of glutamate in the vicinity of these neurons caused excitation (Galindo et al. 1967), while 1-hydroxy-3-aminopyrrolid-2-one (HA-966, an excitatory amino acid receptor antagonist) blocked excitatory s ...
Communication as an emergent metaphor for neuronal operation
... and low level information processing in the brain [6]. However, these promises were based on the assumption that the computational model captures all the important characteristics of real biological neurons with respect to information processing. We will indicate in this article that very recent adv ...
... and low level information processing in the brain [6]. However, these promises were based on the assumption that the computational model captures all the important characteristics of real biological neurons with respect to information processing. We will indicate in this article that very recent adv ...
7. MODELING THE SOMATOTOPIC MAP 7.1 The Somatotopic Map
... image area in the somatosensory cortex. Interestingly, the neural projections giving rise to these images are not rigid. Instead, they can change under the influence of sensory experience or as the result of a loss of sensory input, e.g., after nerve damage. The necessary modifications of the connec ...
... image area in the somatosensory cortex. Interestingly, the neural projections giving rise to these images are not rigid. Instead, they can change under the influence of sensory experience or as the result of a loss of sensory input, e.g., after nerve damage. The necessary modifications of the connec ...
Loss of IP receptor function in neuropeptide Drosophila
... metabolism through the interaction of signaling pathways involving multiple tissues and organs. Genetic studies in model organisms help understand aspects of this complexity. In Drosophila, fat metabolism is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis. Nutrient fat in the form of Triacylglycerides ...
... metabolism through the interaction of signaling pathways involving multiple tissues and organs. Genetic studies in model organisms help understand aspects of this complexity. In Drosophila, fat metabolism is essential for maintaining energy homeostasis. Nutrient fat in the form of Triacylglycerides ...
temporal visual event recognition
... Motor layer – Layer two develops using steps 1,2, and 4 above, but there is not top-down input, so Eq. 1 does not have a top-down part. The response z(2) is computed in the same way otherwise, with its own parameter k (2) controlling the number of non-inhibited neurons. When the network is being tra ...
... Motor layer – Layer two develops using steps 1,2, and 4 above, but there is not top-down input, so Eq. 1 does not have a top-down part. The response z(2) is computed in the same way otherwise, with its own parameter k (2) controlling the number of non-inhibited neurons. When the network is being tra ...
local connectivity between neurons of the rat globus pallidus
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
... neurons are in a position to form synapses with 14-55 neurons through their proximal axonal arborisation. This represents between 30% and 100% of the neurons within the volume occupied by the proximal axonal arborisation and between 6 and 24% of the neurons located within the dendritic arborisation ...
Sequential Development of Electrical and Chemical Synaptic
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
... Neuronal circuits form during embryonic life, even before synapses are completely mature. Developmental changes can be quantitative (e.g., connections become stronger and more reliable) or qualitative (e.g., synapses form, are lost, or switch from electrical to chemical or from excitatory to inhibit ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/A2A_receptor_bilayer.png?width=300)
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.