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Effect of dopamine receptor stimulation on voltage
... receptor agonist (SKF 38393, 10 µM) on the membrane potential and on voltage-dependent fast-inactivating Na+ currents in mPFC pyramidal neurons obtained from adult (9-week-old) rats. Treatment of the pyramidal neurons with SKF 38393 did not affect the membrane potential recorded with the perforated- ...
... receptor agonist (SKF 38393, 10 µM) on the membrane potential and on voltage-dependent fast-inactivating Na+ currents in mPFC pyramidal neurons obtained from adult (9-week-old) rats. Treatment of the pyramidal neurons with SKF 38393 did not affect the membrane potential recorded with the perforated- ...
short communication - Deep Blue
... cease as the dilator elements begin again (Fig. 2A). In three of the four lobsters the pyloric rhythm was very regular over prolonged periods as has also been observed in isolated preparations (Maynard, 1966). The mean frequency and standard deviation of the rhythm recorded at 30-min intervals from ...
... cease as the dilator elements begin again (Fig. 2A). In three of the four lobsters the pyloric rhythm was very regular over prolonged periods as has also been observed in isolated preparations (Maynard, 1966). The mean frequency and standard deviation of the rhythm recorded at 30-min intervals from ...
Transformation from temporal to rate coding in a somatosensory
... labile latencies and strong dependence on cortical feedback3±5. Here we show that the paralemniscal system can transform temporally encoded vibrissal information into a rate code. We recorded the representations of the frequency of whisker movement along the two pathways in anaesthetized rats. In re ...
... labile latencies and strong dependence on cortical feedback3±5. Here we show that the paralemniscal system can transform temporally encoded vibrissal information into a rate code. We recorded the representations of the frequency of whisker movement along the two pathways in anaesthetized rats. In re ...
motor systems
... activity in somatotopically organized regions of the cortical motor areas. The discharge of M1 neurons transmits information on features of movement including direction, force, rate of change of force, joint position, and velocity. The discharge of any single M1 neuron may contain only broadly tuned ...
... activity in somatotopically organized regions of the cortical motor areas. The discharge of M1 neurons transmits information on features of movement including direction, force, rate of change of force, joint position, and velocity. The discharge of any single M1 neuron may contain only broadly tuned ...
Combinatorial Marking of Cells and Organelles with Split
... HSN fluorescence was weak and rarely seen when split GFP was generated from these promoters ...
... HSN fluorescence was weak and rarely seen when split GFP was generated from these promoters ...
Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... neurons labeled by retrograde transport of tritiated D-ASP from the cochlea (Ryan et al., 1987). It is still unresolved whether the small neurons compose the entire population of “intraLSO” OC neurons, as suggested by Ryan et al. (1987) or whether class 5 neurons also contribute to this population. ...
... neurons labeled by retrograde transport of tritiated D-ASP from the cochlea (Ryan et al., 1987). It is still unresolved whether the small neurons compose the entire population of “intraLSO” OC neurons, as suggested by Ryan et al. (1987) or whether class 5 neurons also contribute to this population. ...
Effects of the Abused Inhalant Toluene on the
... euphorigenic effects. Research into the mechanisms of action of inhaled solvents has lagged behind that of other drugs of abuse despite mounting evidence that these compounds exert profound neurobehavioral and neurotoxicological effects. Results from studies carried out by the authors and others sug ...
... euphorigenic effects. Research into the mechanisms of action of inhaled solvents has lagged behind that of other drugs of abuse despite mounting evidence that these compounds exert profound neurobehavioral and neurotoxicological effects. Results from studies carried out by the authors and others sug ...
Solutions of the BCM learning rule in a network of lateral interacting
... synapses (lateral interactions). The method we use here is a novel direct method in which we study a matrix form of the dynamics using D T , the matrix spanned by the individual input vectors (d). We solve a deterministic matrix equation (e.g., equation (3)) rather than an equation averaged over the ...
... synapses (lateral interactions). The method we use here is a novel direct method in which we study a matrix form of the dynamics using D T , the matrix spanned by the individual input vectors (d). We solve a deterministic matrix equation (e.g., equation (3)) rather than an equation averaged over the ...
Neurons of the Central Complex of the Locust Schistocerca gregaria
... anesthetized by cooling and were waxed anterior uppermost to a metal holder. The heads of the locusts were immobilized by a wax–rosin mixture, and their legs were removed. For intracellular recordings from the central protocerebrum, a small window was cut into the head capsule between the two compou ...
... anesthetized by cooling and were waxed anterior uppermost to a metal holder. The heads of the locusts were immobilized by a wax–rosin mixture, and their legs were removed. For intracellular recordings from the central protocerebrum, a small window was cut into the head capsule between the two compou ...
Axonal conduction properties of antidromically identified neurons in
... Physiological studies of the rodent somatosensory cortex have consistently described considerable heterogeneity in receptive field properties of neurons outside of layer IV, particularly those in layers V and VI. One such approach for distinguishing among different local circuits in these layers may ...
... Physiological studies of the rodent somatosensory cortex have consistently described considerable heterogeneity in receptive field properties of neurons outside of layer IV, particularly those in layers V and VI. One such approach for distinguishing among different local circuits in these layers may ...
Neural Conduction - U
... Nodes of Ranvier); in response, the voltagegated Na+ channels there open and another full-blown potential is generated ...
... Nodes of Ranvier); in response, the voltagegated Na+ channels there open and another full-blown potential is generated ...
the original powerpoint file
... version of the wake-sleep algorithm • Replace the top layer of the causal network by an RBM – This eliminates explaining away at the top-level. – It is nice to have an associative memory at the top. • Replace the sleep phase by a top-down pass starting with the state of the RBM produced by the wake ...
... version of the wake-sleep algorithm • Replace the top layer of the causal network by an RBM – This eliminates explaining away at the top-level. – It is nice to have an associative memory at the top. • Replace the sleep phase by a top-down pass starting with the state of the RBM produced by the wake ...
PDF file - Izhikevich
... to the group, while H and K will be discarded because of their nonmatching delays. By repeating these steps until either there are no more common postsynaptic targets with matching delays, or all input strengths are subthreshold, we can resolve the neuronal group contributed to by the neuron A. ...
... to the group, while H and K will be discarded because of their nonmatching delays. By repeating these steps until either there are no more common postsynaptic targets with matching delays, or all input strengths are subthreshold, we can resolve the neuronal group contributed to by the neuron A. ...
Voluntary Nicotine Consumption Triggers Potentiation of Cortical Excitatory Drives to Midbrain
... Figure 2. Analysis of firing activity of VTA DA neurons in rats passively exposed to nicotine. A, B, Scatterplots showing the pulses at frequencies of 100 Hz or greater, and bursting activity as a function of firing rate of individual neurons for rats receiving continuous saline (pump-SAL) or nicoti ...
... Figure 2. Analysis of firing activity of VTA DA neurons in rats passively exposed to nicotine. A, B, Scatterplots showing the pulses at frequencies of 100 Hz or greater, and bursting activity as a function of firing rate of individual neurons for rats receiving continuous saline (pump-SAL) or nicoti ...
Tom`s JSNC2000 paper
... that one can use distributed neural codes to predict the reaching movement of a monkey's arm based on the pattern of activity recorded from implanted arrays. The third hurdle, to be able to provide rapid feedback in the form of electrical stimulation and more importantly, to have that feedback affec ...
... that one can use distributed neural codes to predict the reaching movement of a monkey's arm based on the pattern of activity recorded from implanted arrays. The third hurdle, to be able to provide rapid feedback in the form of electrical stimulation and more importantly, to have that feedback affec ...
A lineage-related reciprocal inhibition circuitry for sensory
... Figure 1. Structural organisation of the central complex and ellipsoid body. (a) Cartoon of adult Drosophila brain showing central complex ground pattern (PB, protocerebral bridge; FB, fan-shaped body; EB, ellipsoid body; NO, noduli; LAL, lateral accessory lobes MB, mushroom bodies are shown for ori ...
... Figure 1. Structural organisation of the central complex and ellipsoid body. (a) Cartoon of adult Drosophila brain showing central complex ground pattern (PB, protocerebral bridge; FB, fan-shaped body; EB, ellipsoid body; NO, noduli; LAL, lateral accessory lobes MB, mushroom bodies are shown for ori ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... of a large number of cortical cells. Third, these biases may be a consequence of stimulation of competing output pathways, projecting to target areas with different functional roles. Consistent with this third possibility, stimulation resulted in predominantly contralateral biases (36 out of 57 site ...
... of a large number of cortical cells. Third, these biases may be a consequence of stimulation of competing output pathways, projecting to target areas with different functional roles. Consistent with this third possibility, stimulation resulted in predominantly contralateral biases (36 out of 57 site ...
Lesson Plan - University of Washington
... Scientists and clinicians can take advantage of the input-output relationship by recording a neural response and reconstructing the stimulus that likely evoked that response. In the motor system, the activity of a group of neurons is what contracts muscles and allows us to move. If you record from t ...
... Scientists and clinicians can take advantage of the input-output relationship by recording a neural response and reconstructing the stimulus that likely evoked that response. In the motor system, the activity of a group of neurons is what contracts muscles and allows us to move. If you record from t ...
serotonergic modulation of swimming speed in the pteropod mollusc
... swimming system of Clione limacina (Satterlie, 1995). Since *Address for correspondence. ...
... swimming system of Clione limacina (Satterlie, 1995). Since *Address for correspondence. ...
Olfactory processing: maps, time and codes Gilles Laurent
... projection neurons [38]. Hence, projection neuron spikes produced during an odor response occur periodically, and the coherent firing of the many odor-activated projection neurons causes 20–30 Hz local field potential oscillations in one of their target areas, the mushroom body [38,42]. Such oscilla ...
... projection neurons [38]. Hence, projection neuron spikes produced during an odor response occur periodically, and the coherent firing of the many odor-activated projection neurons causes 20–30 Hz local field potential oscillations in one of their target areas, the mushroom body [38,42]. Such oscilla ...
NeuroMem Decision Space Mapping
... distance. If they have identical categories, it reinforces the confidence level of the recognition. If they do not have the same category, they point a level of uncertainty in the recognition and potential ambiguities between certain categories. This uncertainty can be further considered by reading ...
... distance. If they have identical categories, it reinforces the confidence level of the recognition. If they do not have the same category, they point a level of uncertainty in the recognition and potential ambiguities between certain categories. This uncertainty can be further considered by reading ...
Complex Cell-like Direction Selectivity through Spike
... such as phase-invariant direction selectivity and antagonistic interactions between individually excitatory stimuli. Traditional models assume that these properties are governed by the outputs of antecedent simple cells, but these models are at odds with studies showing that complex cells may receiv ...
... such as phase-invariant direction selectivity and antagonistic interactions between individually excitatory stimuli. Traditional models assume that these properties are governed by the outputs of antecedent simple cells, but these models are at odds with studies showing that complex cells may receiv ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/A2A_receptor_bilayer.png?width=300)
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.