Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... columnar or intercolumnar level, a feature they share with some excitatory neurons (e.g., Kritzer et al. 1992; Melchitzky et al. 1998; Rao et al. 1999; Constantinidis et al. 2001; Krimer and Goldman-Rakic 2001; Constantinidis et al. 2002). However, excitatory neurons also act through pathways that l ...
... columnar or intercolumnar level, a feature they share with some excitatory neurons (e.g., Kritzer et al. 1992; Melchitzky et al. 1998; Rao et al. 1999; Constantinidis et al. 2001; Krimer and Goldman-Rakic 2001; Constantinidis et al. 2002). However, excitatory neurons also act through pathways that l ...
Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may
... M. Optican. Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may arise from asymmetry of internal connections. J Neurophysiol 96: 765–774, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.01372.2005. The superior colliculus (SC) receives a retinotopic projection of the contralateral visual field in which the repre ...
... M. Optican. Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may arise from asymmetry of internal connections. J Neurophysiol 96: 765–774, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.01372.2005. The superior colliculus (SC) receives a retinotopic projection of the contralateral visual field in which the repre ...
extrasynaptic glutamate does not reach the postsynaptic density
... et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited population spike in CA1 (but not in CA3) neurons leaving the EPSC unaffected. The age of the animals is critical for this phenomenology. In the rats younger than P20, ACPD inhibits EPSCs as well. This action is me ...
... et al. [20], ACPD, selective agonist of certain subtypes of these receptors, inhibited population spike in CA1 (but not in CA3) neurons leaving the EPSC unaffected. The age of the animals is critical for this phenomenology. In the rats younger than P20, ACPD inhibits EPSCs as well. This action is me ...
REVIEW
... mucosa suggest that GnRH modulates the activity of cells related to chemoreception. In support of this hypothesis, we have shown using patch clamp recording techniques that GnRH increases sodium conductances in mudpuppy olfactory neurons.26 We hypothesized that this may make these neurons more excit ...
... mucosa suggest that GnRH modulates the activity of cells related to chemoreception. In support of this hypothesis, we have shown using patch clamp recording techniques that GnRH increases sodium conductances in mudpuppy olfactory neurons.26 We hypothesized that this may make these neurons more excit ...
Mirror Neurons: Findings and Functions
... flow. Increased neuronal activity leads to higher cell metabolism, which in turn leads to an increased cerebral blood flow in the activated area. fMRI can spatially pinpoint a rise in blood flow to precisions of up to a mm (Huettel, Song, & McCarthy, 2009). Since it has a good spatial resolution, it ...
... flow. Increased neuronal activity leads to higher cell metabolism, which in turn leads to an increased cerebral blood flow in the activated area. fMRI can spatially pinpoint a rise in blood flow to precisions of up to a mm (Huettel, Song, & McCarthy, 2009). Since it has a good spatial resolution, it ...
Event-Driven Simulation Scheme for Spiking Neural Networks Using
... The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces one propagated event per output connection. The algorithm efficiency of ...
... The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces one propagated event per output connection. The algorithm efficiency of ...
Dynamic Stochastic Synapses as Computational Units
... (1996) investigated a network model that involves dynamic synapses from an excitatory neuron to an inhibitory neuron, which sends feedback directly to the presynaptic terminals. They showed through computer simulations that tuning the relative contributions of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms ca ...
... (1996) investigated a network model that involves dynamic synapses from an excitatory neuron to an inhibitory neuron, which sends feedback directly to the presynaptic terminals. They showed through computer simulations that tuning the relative contributions of excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms ca ...
Abstract The cochiear nucleus of the barn owl is composed of two
... of a tonotopic order in which a unit’s best frequency changes from high to low frequency as the electrode is advanced from dorsal to ventral (Konishi, 1970) and of large, easily isolated spikes. The period histograms obtained from unit responses in this region were always flat or poorly modulated, i ...
... of a tonotopic order in which a unit’s best frequency changes from high to low frequency as the electrode is advanced from dorsal to ventral (Konishi, 1970) and of large, easily isolated spikes. The period histograms obtained from unit responses in this region were always flat or poorly modulated, i ...
Electrical stimulation of neural tissue to evoke behavioral responses
... estimate how far from the electrode tip current activates neural tissue mediating behaviors such as eating (Olds, 1958), self-stimulation (Wise, 1972; Fouriezos and Wise, 1984; Milner and Laferriere, 1986), and circling behavior (Yeomans et al., 1984, 1986). The method used by Fouriezos and Wise (19 ...
... estimate how far from the electrode tip current activates neural tissue mediating behaviors such as eating (Olds, 1958), self-stimulation (Wise, 1972; Fouriezos and Wise, 1984; Milner and Laferriere, 1986), and circling behavior (Yeomans et al., 1984, 1986). The method used by Fouriezos and Wise (19 ...
Hindbrain catecholamine neurons mediate
... Previous work using the retrogradely transported immunotoxin, saporin (SAP) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody against dopamine-hhydroxylase (DBH; DSAP), to selectively lesion norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) neurons projecting to the medial hypothalamus, demonstrated the essential role of t ...
... Previous work using the retrogradely transported immunotoxin, saporin (SAP) conjugated to a monoclonal antibody against dopamine-hhydroxylase (DBH; DSAP), to selectively lesion norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) neurons projecting to the medial hypothalamus, demonstrated the essential role of t ...
Nervous Tissue
... Unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol. Inability of most anions to leave the cell. Electrogenic nature of the Na+/K+ ATPases. ...
... Unequal distribution of ions in the ECF and cytosol. Inability of most anions to leave the cell. Electrogenic nature of the Na+/K+ ATPases. ...
Stimulation of Medial Prefrontal Cortex Decreases
... projections, inhibition of Ce would be an efficient way of dampening multiple fear responses after extinction (Royer and Paré, 2002). It is not known, however, whether mPFC neurons can influence Ce excitability. To address this, we recorded the responses of Ce output neurons to cortical and basolat ...
... projections, inhibition of Ce would be an efficient way of dampening multiple fear responses after extinction (Royer and Paré, 2002). It is not known, however, whether mPFC neurons can influence Ce excitability. To address this, we recorded the responses of Ce output neurons to cortical and basolat ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across Superior Colliculus May
... M. Optican. Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may arise from asymmetry of internal connections. J Neurophysiol 96: 765–774, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.01372.2005. The superior colliculus (SC) receives a retinotopic projection of the contralateral visual field in which the repre ...
... M. Optican. Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may arise from asymmetry of internal connections. J Neurophysiol 96: 765–774, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.01372.2005. The superior colliculus (SC) receives a retinotopic projection of the contralateral visual field in which the repre ...
Saccade-Related Spread of Activity Across
... M. Optican. Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may arise from asymmetry of internal connections. J Neurophysiol 96: 765–774, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.01372.2005. The superior colliculus (SC) receives a retinotopic projection of the contralateral visual field in which the repre ...
... M. Optican. Saccade-related spread of activity across superior colliculus may arise from asymmetry of internal connections. J Neurophysiol 96: 765–774, 2006; doi:10.1152/jn.01372.2005. The superior colliculus (SC) receives a retinotopic projection of the contralateral visual field in which the repre ...
PDF version - Richard Andersen
... and offset and from the duration of the saccadic movement task. The analysis presented here is based on 161 neurons re(typically 60 ms). For both areas LIP and 7a the distribution of corded from the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), a recently defined subdivision of the IPL; and 54 neurons recorded ...
... and offset and from the duration of the saccadic movement task. The analysis presented here is based on 161 neurons re(typically 60 ms). For both areas LIP and 7a the distribution of corded from the lateral intraparietal area (LIP), a recently defined subdivision of the IPL; and 54 neurons recorded ...
Shapes and Level Tolerances of Frequency Tuning Curves in
... that constancy in frequency selectivity across intensity (called “level tolerance”) is essential for information processing in echolocating mustached bats. Despite the importance of intensity invariant processing in auditory perception, very little is known about the neurophysiology underlying it. T ...
... that constancy in frequency selectivity across intensity (called “level tolerance”) is essential for information processing in echolocating mustached bats. Despite the importance of intensity invariant processing in auditory perception, very little is known about the neurophysiology underlying it. T ...
Massive Loss of Mid- and Hindbrain Neurons during Embryonic
... present in the nucleus at this age (Fig. 4). The large motor neurons of this nucleus appear indistinguishable in Lc/Lc animals when compared with their Lc/1 and wild-type (not shown) littermates. Furthermore, there was no large difference in neuronal cell number in either the hindbrain or midbrain a ...
... present in the nucleus at this age (Fig. 4). The large motor neurons of this nucleus appear indistinguishable in Lc/Lc animals when compared with their Lc/1 and wild-type (not shown) littermates. Furthermore, there was no large difference in neuronal cell number in either the hindbrain or midbrain a ...
Activity Regulates the Incidence of Heteronymous Sensory
... Many aspects of spinal sensory-motor selectivity appear to be preserved when peripheral sensory activation is blocked, which has led to a view that sensory-motor circuits are assembled in an activityindependent manner. Yet it remains unclear whether activity-dependent refinement has a role in the es ...
... Many aspects of spinal sensory-motor selectivity appear to be preserved when peripheral sensory activation is blocked, which has led to a view that sensory-motor circuits are assembled in an activityindependent manner. Yet it remains unclear whether activity-dependent refinement has a role in the es ...
Self-referential forces are sufficient to explain different dendritic
... v12 + v22 < 1, where U(a, b) is the uniform distribution over the interval [a, b]. This process introduces stochasticity into our generative model of neuron morphology (Figure 2A). For certain morphologies (e.g., alpha motor neurons vs. Purkinje cells), the randomness of growth direction was increas ...
... v12 + v22 < 1, where U(a, b) is the uniform distribution over the interval [a, b]. This process introduces stochasticity into our generative model of neuron morphology (Figure 2A). For certain morphologies (e.g., alpha motor neurons vs. Purkinje cells), the randomness of growth direction was increas ...
neuronal coding of prediction errors
... outcomes (reward, punishment, behavioral reactions, external stimuli, internal states). Outcomes whose magnitude or frequency is different than predicted modify behavior in a direction that reduces the discrepancy between the outcome and its prediction. Changes in predictions and behavior continue u ...
... outcomes (reward, punishment, behavioral reactions, external stimuli, internal states). Outcomes whose magnitude or frequency is different than predicted modify behavior in a direction that reduces the discrepancy between the outcome and its prediction. Changes in predictions and behavior continue u ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.