Coding Rate and Duration of Vocalizations of the Frog, Xenopus laevis
... activity, which was active mostly during fictive fast trills [“fast-trill neurons” (FTNs)]. FTNs were used for further analysis if their membrane potentials were recorded during at least five fictive advertisement calls. Vocal-related membrane potential data were collected from up to 10 calls (minim ...
... activity, which was active mostly during fictive fast trills [“fast-trill neurons” (FTNs)]. FTNs were used for further analysis if their membrane potentials were recorded during at least five fictive advertisement calls. Vocal-related membrane potential data were collected from up to 10 calls (minim ...
5104-c2
... (SCN) contains a circadian clock for timing of diverse neuronal, endocrine, and behavioral rhythms. • By culturing cells from neonatal rat SCN on fixed microelectrode arrays, we have been able to record spontaneous action potentials from individual SCN neurons for days or weeks, revealing prominent ...
... (SCN) contains a circadian clock for timing of diverse neuronal, endocrine, and behavioral rhythms. • By culturing cells from neonatal rat SCN on fixed microelectrode arrays, we have been able to record spontaneous action potentials from individual SCN neurons for days or weeks, revealing prominent ...
Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence
... Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence University of Southern California, Fall 2001 ...
... Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence University of Southern California, Fall 2001 ...
Study of the human hypoglossal nucleus: Normal development and
... evaluate if the HGN shows morpho-functional alterations not only in SIDS but also in sudden unexplained perinatal deaths, like the alterations in nuclei and/or structures of the brainstem and cerebellum checking vital functions, previously observed by us in these ...
... evaluate if the HGN shows morpho-functional alterations not only in SIDS but also in sudden unexplained perinatal deaths, like the alterations in nuclei and/or structures of the brainstem and cerebellum checking vital functions, previously observed by us in these ...
The neuronal structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the
... In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (GLN) of the guinea pig the dominant types of neurons are the rounded nerve cells with numerous (4–7) dendritic trunks and the triangular neurons. Less frequently there are the fusiform neurons, with diametrically arising dendrites (4%), and sporadically ther ...
... In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (GLN) of the guinea pig the dominant types of neurons are the rounded nerve cells with numerous (4–7) dendritic trunks and the triangular neurons. Less frequently there are the fusiform neurons, with diametrically arising dendrites (4%), and sporadically ther ...
Orexin (Hypocretin)-Like Immunoreactivity in the Cat Hypothalamus
... intake and that the expression of orexin mRNA is increased by food deprivation. These observations suggest that a major function of the orexins is likely to be involved in the regulation of feeding behavior (reviewed in Ref. 3). Although neurons containing orexins are located exclusively in the LHA, ...
... intake and that the expression of orexin mRNA is increased by food deprivation. These observations suggest that a major function of the orexins is likely to be involved in the regulation of feeding behavior (reviewed in Ref. 3). Although neurons containing orexins are located exclusively in the LHA, ...
The NEURON Simulation Environment
... event. Since computations are performed only when an event occurs, total computation time is proportional to the number of events delivered and independent of the number of cells, number of connections, or problem time. Thus handling 100,000 spikes in one hour for 100 cells requires the same time as ...
... event. Since computations are performed only when an event occurs, total computation time is proportional to the number of events delivered and independent of the number of cells, number of connections, or problem time. Thus handling 100,000 spikes in one hour for 100 cells requires the same time as ...
Activity of Defined Mushroom Body Output Neurons
... We also restricted the blockade of M4/6 neurons to the time of memory retrieval by training flies at the permissive 23 C and raising the temperature to 32 C 30 min before and during testing 24 hr appetitive memory. These analyses again uncovered a significant defect in flies with impaired M4/6 neu ...
... We also restricted the blockade of M4/6 neurons to the time of memory retrieval by training flies at the permissive 23 C and raising the temperature to 32 C 30 min before and during testing 24 hr appetitive memory. These analyses again uncovered a significant defect in flies with impaired M4/6 neu ...
Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels
... http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/09/08/the-centrality-of-ca2-signaling-andcytoskeleton-involving-calmodulin-kinases-and-ryanodine-receptors-in-cardiac-failure-arterialsmooth-muscle-post-ischemic-arrhythmia-similarities-and-differen/ ...
... http://pharmaceuticalintelligence.com/2013/09/08/the-centrality-of-ca2-signaling-andcytoskeleton-involving-calmodulin-kinases-and-ryanodine-receptors-in-cardiac-failure-arterialsmooth-muscle-post-ischemic-arrhythmia-similarities-and-differen/ ...
introduction presentation - Sinoe Medical Association
... neurons, (the afferent division of the PNS): - Cell bodies of sensory neurons are grouped in sensory ganglia. - Sensory neurons collect information about our internal environment (visceral sensory neurons) and our relationship to the external environment (somatic sensory neurons). - Sensory neurons ...
... neurons, (the afferent division of the PNS): - Cell bodies of sensory neurons are grouped in sensory ganglia. - Sensory neurons collect information about our internal environment (visceral sensory neurons) and our relationship to the external environment (somatic sensory neurons). - Sensory neurons ...
Cell-Type Specific Channelopathies in the Prefrontal Cortex of the
... Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by transcriptional silencing of the fmr1 gene resulting in the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) expression. FXS patients display several behavioral phenotypes associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction. Voltage-gated ion channels, some o ...
... Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is caused by transcriptional silencing of the fmr1 gene resulting in the loss of fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) expression. FXS patients display several behavioral phenotypes associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction. Voltage-gated ion channels, some o ...
A Monosynaptic GABAergic Input from the Inferior Colliculus to the
... inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in morphologically identified thalamocortical relay neurons. The inhibitory potentials cannot ...
... inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in morphologically identified thalamocortical relay neurons. The inhibitory potentials cannot ...
Connectivity and circuitry in a dish versus in a brain
... rapidly and safely, in response to diverse colors of light [41–43]. This innovative approach allows neuroscientists to control defined events in defined neuronal types and projections at defined times in intact systems, while maintaining high temporal (AP scale) precision. An important application o ...
... rapidly and safely, in response to diverse colors of light [41–43]. This innovative approach allows neuroscientists to control defined events in defined neuronal types and projections at defined times in intact systems, while maintaining high temporal (AP scale) precision. An important application o ...
Ion Channels in Bursting Neurons
... choice of the squid giant axon as the subject of the experiments. This experimental preparation was chosen by Hodgkin and Huxley principally because the giant size of the squid’s axon made the insertion of multiple electrodes possible. However, there is another reason that the choice of the squid ax ...
... choice of the squid giant axon as the subject of the experiments. This experimental preparation was chosen by Hodgkin and Huxley principally because the giant size of the squid’s axon made the insertion of multiple electrodes possible. However, there is another reason that the choice of the squid ax ...
Presence of vesicular glutamate transporter-2 in
... contain immunoreactivity for the GABAergic marker, VGAT. In contrast with GHRH neurons, nearly all of the cell bodies of hypophysiotropic SS neurons in the PVa and in the medial parvicellular subdivision of the PVH express VGLUT2 mRNA and their projections to the ME contain immunoreactivity for VGLU ...
... contain immunoreactivity for the GABAergic marker, VGAT. In contrast with GHRH neurons, nearly all of the cell bodies of hypophysiotropic SS neurons in the PVa and in the medial parvicellular subdivision of the PVH express VGLUT2 mRNA and their projections to the ME contain immunoreactivity for VGLU ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... moderate level of EMG activity, and little or no EOG and PGO wave activity (Figures 2, 3). The group mean spontaneous spike rate for the same SRT neurons measured 19.1 spikes/s±3.5 (range: 5.2-41.4) and did not significantly differ from values obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state o ...
... moderate level of EMG activity, and little or no EOG and PGO wave activity (Figures 2, 3). The group mean spontaneous spike rate for the same SRT neurons measured 19.1 spikes/s±3.5 (range: 5.2-41.4) and did not significantly differ from values obtained during quiet wakefulness, (p>0.05). The state o ...
Physiology – spinal anesthesia MGMC
... blockade of efferent motor and autonomic transmission. Neural blockade of posterior nerve root fibers results in ...
... blockade of efferent motor and autonomic transmission. Neural blockade of posterior nerve root fibers results in ...
NEUROTRANSMITTERS II.
... (PROLACTIN-INHIBITING HORMONE) GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE SOMATOSTATIN (GROWTH HORMONE-INHIBITING HORMONE) ...
... (PROLACTIN-INHIBITING HORMONE) GROWTH HORMONE-RELEASING HORMONE SOMATOSTATIN (GROWTH HORMONE-INHIBITING HORMONE) ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... (Pellegrino et aI., 1979) from the same brain as shown in Fig. 12-1 A. The placement of the vertical dashed lines in Fig. 12-1A shows where the higher magnification photographs were taken. Roman numerals at the sides of each photograph indicate the cortical layers (II-VI). There are generally more l ...
... (Pellegrino et aI., 1979) from the same brain as shown in Fig. 12-1 A. The placement of the vertical dashed lines in Fig. 12-1A shows where the higher magnification photographs were taken. Roman numerals at the sides of each photograph indicate the cortical layers (II-VI). There are generally more l ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.