Cell-Type Specific Properties of Pyramidal
... Figure 1. EGFP-labeled etv-pyramids and glt-pyramids in L5 of the somatosensory BC. Confocal images of EGFP-labeled pyramidal cells in brain slices (coronal section) from transgenic mice carrying the BAC constructs for the (A) etv1 or (B) glt2. Red dotted line added for comparison of the relative de ...
... Figure 1. EGFP-labeled etv-pyramids and glt-pyramids in L5 of the somatosensory BC. Confocal images of EGFP-labeled pyramidal cells in brain slices (coronal section) from transgenic mice carrying the BAC constructs for the (A) etv1 or (B) glt2. Red dotted line added for comparison of the relative de ...
![[PDF]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008803384_1-36fd0609f80954d0c3765babde2de933-300x300.png)
[PDF]
... enriched in synaptosomes isolated from rat forebrains [12, 32]. We further confirmed that the expression levels of miR137 increased during neuronal differentiation of A94-NSCs (Fig. 1B), and miR-137 expression levels were significantly higher in isolated primary neurons compared with aNSCs (Fig. 1C). ...
... enriched in synaptosomes isolated from rat forebrains [12, 32]. We further confirmed that the expression levels of miR137 increased during neuronal differentiation of A94-NSCs (Fig. 1B), and miR-137 expression levels were significantly higher in isolated primary neurons compared with aNSCs (Fig. 1C). ...
Olfactory modulation by dopamine in the context of aversive learning
... were inserted into the AL in parallel with the antennal nerve. Extracellular activity was acquired with a RX5 Pentusa base station (Tucker-Davis Technologies, Alachua, FL) and a RP2.1 real-time processor (Tucker-Davis Technologies), and spike data were extracted from the recorded signals and digitiz ...
... were inserted into the AL in parallel with the antennal nerve. Extracellular activity was acquired with a RX5 Pentusa base station (Tucker-Davis Technologies, Alachua, FL) and a RP2.1 real-time processor (Tucker-Davis Technologies), and spike data were extracted from the recorded signals and digitiz ...
Fast Readout of Object Identity from Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex
... meaningful measure that could be directly implemented by neuronal hardware. We used the classifier approach to determine the ability of more than 300 sequentially collected IT sites from two passively fixating monkeys to Bcategorize[ 77 gray-scale objects as belonging to one of eight possible groups ...
... meaningful measure that could be directly implemented by neuronal hardware. We used the classifier approach to determine the ability of more than 300 sequentially collected IT sites from two passively fixating monkeys to Bcategorize[ 77 gray-scale objects as belonging to one of eight possible groups ...
The neuronal structure of the medial geniculate body in the pig
... synaptic nests [11]. The Golgi type II cells receive endings from afferent axons and send presynaptic processes to principal cells that receive the same afferent axons [11]. Some authors [9, 11, 38] suggest that the Golgi type II cells might be either inhibitory or excitatory interneurons or both. I ...
... synaptic nests [11]. The Golgi type II cells receive endings from afferent axons and send presynaptic processes to principal cells that receive the same afferent axons [11]. Some authors [9, 11, 38] suggest that the Golgi type II cells might be either inhibitory or excitatory interneurons or both. I ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... measures behavioural performance (d9 5 0, chance performance; d9 5 1.75, expert level (above the dashed line) approximately 80% correct trials). d, Whisker movement and forces. Top traces, trial showing whisker angle (grey) and set point (black). Middle traces, whisking amplitude (see Methods). Bott ...
... measures behavioural performance (d9 5 0, chance performance; d9 5 1.75, expert level (above the dashed line) approximately 80% correct trials). d, Whisker movement and forces. Top traces, trial showing whisker angle (grey) and set point (black). Middle traces, whisking amplitude (see Methods). Bott ...
Central mechanisms regulating coordinated cardiovascular and
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
... activity, and respiratory activity. Furthermore, c-Fos expression occurs only after sustained stimulation of neurons and so this method cannot be used to identify cell populations activated by brief alerting stimuli. Nevertheless, even though many questions remain unanswered, recent studies have pro ...
Dynamics of Learning and Recall ... Recurrent Synapses and Cholinergic Modulation
... excitation, runaway synaptic modification was prevented by clamping the activity of the network to the input pattern during learning. Though this technique was used in a large number of models,no physiological mechanismwas presented.Recently, it hasbeen shownthat the selective suppressionof synaptic ...
... excitation, runaway synaptic modification was prevented by clamping the activity of the network to the input pattern during learning. Though this technique was used in a large number of models,no physiological mechanismwas presented.Recently, it hasbeen shownthat the selective suppressionof synaptic ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... locus was identified the activity generated by its spontaneously active neurons was studied throughout the duration of the various protocols outlined below (cardiac stressors). In order to identify middle cervical ganglion neurons that transduced the left ventricular milieu, the activity generated b ...
... locus was identified the activity generated by its spontaneously active neurons was studied throughout the duration of the various protocols outlined below (cardiac stressors). In order to identify middle cervical ganglion neurons that transduced the left ventricular milieu, the activity generated b ...
Parallel Transformation of Tactile Signals in Central Circuits of
... Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed as previously described (Wilson et al., 2004), with some modifications. Flies were cold-anesthetized and fixed to the underside of a custom-milled steel platform (0.001” thickness). The fly was mounted with its ventral side facing up, using UV-cured g ...
... Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed as previously described (Wilson et al., 2004), with some modifications. Flies were cold-anesthetized and fixed to the underside of a custom-milled steel platform (0.001” thickness). The fly was mounted with its ventral side facing up, using UV-cured g ...
Fine tuning of vestibular apparatus in terrestrial snail at Earth and
... phase of long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic effectivity is critical for the storage of long-term memory. Although the expression of the early induction phase of LTP has been studied extensively (Bliss and Collingridge, 1993), the mechanism for synaptic enhancement and a possibility of its modi ...
... phase of long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic effectivity is critical for the storage of long-term memory. Although the expression of the early induction phase of LTP has been studied extensively (Bliss and Collingridge, 1993), the mechanism for synaptic enhancement and a possibility of its modi ...
Lineage origins of GABAergic versus glutamatergic neurons in the
... neurons, and also in a mosaic in the cortical VZ. Fezf2 is required for the specification of subcerebral projection neurons of layer V [38,39], while Tbr1, which is expressed in layer VI neurons is required to specify corticothalamic projection neurons [36,40,41]. In contrast, Satb2 is expressed in ...
... neurons, and also in a mosaic in the cortical VZ. Fezf2 is required for the specification of subcerebral projection neurons of layer V [38,39], while Tbr1, which is expressed in layer VI neurons is required to specify corticothalamic projection neurons [36,40,41]. In contrast, Satb2 is expressed in ...
DISSOCIATION OF TARGET SELECTION AND SACCADE
... • Decide to -- Alternative actions (can be identified with choosing) • Decide that -- Alternative categories (not identified with choosing) ...
... • Decide to -- Alternative actions (can be identified with choosing) • Decide that -- Alternative categories (not identified with choosing) ...
microcircuits in the striatum striatal cell types and their
... abundant of the striatal interneurons comprising 0.32% of the neurons in the rodent striatum (Kawaguchi et al., 1995; Rymar et al., 2004). The somata of these interneurons range from 20-50 µm in diameter. The neurons emit 2-4 large primary dendrites that give rise to higher order dendrites that span ...
... abundant of the striatal interneurons comprising 0.32% of the neurons in the rodent striatum (Kawaguchi et al., 1995; Rymar et al., 2004). The somata of these interneurons range from 20-50 µm in diameter. The neurons emit 2-4 large primary dendrites that give rise to higher order dendrites that span ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.