![relation between cell size and response characteristics of](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/016626165_1-3d19769a8a1bdcdc7d3b5995a99e8282-300x300.png)
relation between cell size and response characteristics of
... drive (cf., Henneman et al., 1965a, 1974). On the other hand, if response characteristics depend mainly upon synaptic organization, then differential control of particular neuronal groups could result, provided the relevant input systems distribute to pooled neurons with differing patterns (cf., Bur ...
... drive (cf., Henneman et al., 1965a, 1974). On the other hand, if response characteristics depend mainly upon synaptic organization, then differential control of particular neuronal groups could result, provided the relevant input systems distribute to pooled neurons with differing patterns (cf., Bur ...
Sodium channel expression in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of
... ing of the skin, and pinching of the skin. Our new data also document the abnormal expression of the Nav1.3 voltage-gated sodium channel transcripts in the VPL during this time of neuronal hyperresponsiveness and reduced nociceptive thresholds. We observed no changes in the expression of neuronal so ...
... ing of the skin, and pinching of the skin. Our new data also document the abnormal expression of the Nav1.3 voltage-gated sodium channel transcripts in the VPL during this time of neuronal hyperresponsiveness and reduced nociceptive thresholds. We observed no changes in the expression of neuronal so ...
Sparse Coding in the Neocortex
... can be highly selective to faces and other objects (e.g., Kendrick and Baldwin, 1987; Quiroga, et al. 2005). However, those promoting the usefulness of sparse representations are not proposing that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of e ...
... can be highly selective to faces and other objects (e.g., Kendrick and Baldwin, 1987; Quiroga, et al. 2005). However, those promoting the usefulness of sparse representations are not proposing that the ultimate goal is to have one neuron for every object—and certainly not for a particular view of e ...
Central projections of auditory receptor neurons of crickets
... We describe the central projections of physiologically characterized auditory receptor neurons of crickets as revealed by confocal microscopy. Receptors tuned to ultrasonic frequencies (similar to those produced by echolocating, insectivorous bats), to a mid-range of frequencies, and a subset of tho ...
... We describe the central projections of physiologically characterized auditory receptor neurons of crickets as revealed by confocal microscopy. Receptors tuned to ultrasonic frequencies (similar to those produced by echolocating, insectivorous bats), to a mid-range of frequencies, and a subset of tho ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... We identified a particular set of mushroom body extrinsic neurons, the MB-V2 neurons (Fig. 1), as candidates for the memory retrieval pathway. MB-V2 neurons were labeled in the GAL4 driver lines NP2492 (ref. 18; Fig. 1a–c and Supplementary Fig. 1a) and MZ160 (refs. 17,18; Supplementary Fig. 1d). The ...
... We identified a particular set of mushroom body extrinsic neurons, the MB-V2 neurons (Fig. 1), as candidates for the memory retrieval pathway. MB-V2 neurons were labeled in the GAL4 driver lines NP2492 (ref. 18; Fig. 1a–c and Supplementary Fig. 1a) and MZ160 (refs. 17,18; Supplementary Fig. 1d). The ...
Intracellular and computational evidence for a
... membrane potential of cortical neurons typically cannot be observed in vivo, except in some cases of deep anesthesia or under the action of drugs [7]. It was shown that in the active regime, cortical neurons are subject to large amounts of fluctuations, often called “synaptic noise”. This activity i ...
... membrane potential of cortical neurons typically cannot be observed in vivo, except in some cases of deep anesthesia or under the action of drugs [7]. It was shown that in the active regime, cortical neurons are subject to large amounts of fluctuations, often called “synaptic noise”. This activity i ...
Rate versus Temporal Coding Models
... and behavior are known to at least some degree. Although the properties of neurons in much of the brain remain mysterious, the function of many neurons has been elucidated in some detail, especially in the primary sensory and motor areas of the brain. Thus far, this knowledge has rested on the fact ...
... and behavior are known to at least some degree. Although the properties of neurons in much of the brain remain mysterious, the function of many neurons has been elucidated in some detail, especially in the primary sensory and motor areas of the brain. Thus far, this knowledge has rested on the fact ...
Dorsal spinal cord stimulation obtunds the capacity of intrathoracic
... global stress of rapid cardiac pacing, SCS was started 2 min before and maintained for 2 min after the allocated 5-min periods of cardiac pacing (total 9 min). These data were compared with those obtained during 5-min of pacing alone. With respect to coronary artery occlusion (duration 30 s), occlus ...
... global stress of rapid cardiac pacing, SCS was started 2 min before and maintained for 2 min after the allocated 5-min periods of cardiac pacing (total 9 min). These data were compared with those obtained during 5-min of pacing alone. With respect to coronary artery occlusion (duration 30 s), occlus ...
Mechanisms of Plasticity of Inhibition in Chronic Pain Conditions
... appears to be due to a loss of KCC2 activity, since KCC2 expression is reduced in different models of neuropathic pain (Coull et al. 2003; Lu et al. 2008; Jolivalt et al. 2008; Miletic and Miletic 2008; Cramer et al. 2008). Loss of KCC2 activity also seems to be a sufficient mechanism to explain neu ...
... appears to be due to a loss of KCC2 activity, since KCC2 expression is reduced in different models of neuropathic pain (Coull et al. 2003; Lu et al. 2008; Jolivalt et al. 2008; Miletic and Miletic 2008; Cramer et al. 2008). Loss of KCC2 activity also seems to be a sufficient mechanism to explain neu ...
Mitochondrial DNA deletions are abundant and
... defects may affect performance of substantia nigra either by rendering the affected neurons dysfunctional via disrupted energy supply or by prompting neuronal death. Either of these end points is expected to predispose to MPS, as MPS have been shown to correlate with decreased neuron counts in subst ...
... defects may affect performance of substantia nigra either by rendering the affected neurons dysfunctional via disrupted energy supply or by prompting neuronal death. Either of these end points is expected to predispose to MPS, as MPS have been shown to correlate with decreased neuron counts in subst ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
... Wild-Polyvar microscope (Leica, Bensheim, Germany). For this study, 28 specimens were evaluated. Each consisted of 1–20 marked neurons; thus, more than 200 neurons were stained and analyzed. According to their branching patterns, the feedback neurons could be classified into different classes. Howev ...
supplemental figures
... Figure S15. Fano factor of the recorded neurons in olfactory task was correlated with sustained attention. (a) Trend of normalized fano factor in correct trials of all recorded neurons at the three TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (b) Comparisons in fano factor among different time wind ...
... Figure S15. Fano factor of the recorded neurons in olfactory task was correlated with sustained attention. (a) Trend of normalized fano factor in correct trials of all recorded neurons at the three TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (b) Comparisons in fano factor among different time wind ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described conditions. When the network is operated with disabled fee ...
... areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described conditions. When the network is operated with disabled fee ...
Project Report: Investigating topographic neural map development
... where r0 is some bias spontaneous firing rate and F represents, at minimum, a rectifying function, but it usually involves a more sophisticated manipulation by processing it through an integrate and fire (IAF) neuron model, Hodgkin-Huxley model, or some variant of a stochastic process (e.g. Poisson) ...
... where r0 is some bias spontaneous firing rate and F represents, at minimum, a rectifying function, but it usually involves a more sophisticated manipulation by processing it through an integrate and fire (IAF) neuron model, Hodgkin-Huxley model, or some variant of a stochastic process (e.g. Poisson) ...
Chapter 20 The Autonomic Nervous System
... 6. Release of glucose by the liver increases blood glucose level. 7. Processes that are not essential for meeting the stressful situation are inhibited. ...
... 6. Release of glucose by the liver increases blood glucose level. 7. Processes that are not essential for meeting the stressful situation are inhibited. ...
Rapid Changes in Synaptic Vesicle Cytochemistry
... catecholamine is either NE or 5-hydroxydopamine. In some experiments, neurons are grown at low densities and shown to have cholinergic function by electrophysiological criteria. After incubation in NE, only 6% of the synaptic vesicles have dense cores. In contrast, similar neurons depolarized (80 mM ...
... catecholamine is either NE or 5-hydroxydopamine. In some experiments, neurons are grown at low densities and shown to have cholinergic function by electrophysiological criteria. After incubation in NE, only 6% of the synaptic vesicles have dense cores. In contrast, similar neurons depolarized (80 mM ...
Lexical Plasticity in Early Bilinguals Does Not Alter Phoneme
... we construct networks of neurons, organized in interconnected functional pools. The neurons of such a pool share common input and are thus coactivated. This is assumed to have set the intrinsic connections of that pool higher than network average through a Hebbian learning process (Hebb, 1949). In t ...
... we construct networks of neurons, organized in interconnected functional pools. The neurons of such a pool share common input and are thus coactivated. This is assumed to have set the intrinsic connections of that pool higher than network average through a Hebbian learning process (Hebb, 1949). In t ...
Action Potential Backpropagation and Somato
... distal dendrites of TC neurons (Destexhe et al., 1998). Activation of these calcium channels may therefore lead to dendritic depolarization sufficient to evoke dendritic action potential initiation, as has been shown in other central neurons after intense distal dendritic depolarization (Schiller et ...
... distal dendrites of TC neurons (Destexhe et al., 1998). Activation of these calcium channels may therefore lead to dendritic depolarization sufficient to evoke dendritic action potential initiation, as has been shown in other central neurons after intense distal dendritic depolarization (Schiller et ...
NeuralNets
... Activation Sum of all synaptic excitations + resting potential Activation Function Voltage gated Na Channel Threshold ...
... Activation Sum of all synaptic excitations + resting potential Activation Function Voltage gated Na Channel Threshold ...
Inter-regional Contribution of Enhanced Activity of the Primary
... Chronic pain is a major health issue all over the world, and is caused by tissue or nerve injury under different disease conditions. Treatment of chronic pain is a clinical challenge because the mechanisms are less well known. In addition to the spinal cord (Woolf and Salter, 2000), multiple brain a ...
... Chronic pain is a major health issue all over the world, and is caused by tissue or nerve injury under different disease conditions. Treatment of chronic pain is a clinical challenge because the mechanisms are less well known. In addition to the spinal cord (Woolf and Salter, 2000), multiple brain a ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/A2A_receptor_bilayer.png?width=300)
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.