IBRO 2008
... differentiation, currently we recognise 3 types of pyramidal cells and at least 21 types of GABAergic neuron in the CA1 area of the hippocampus (refs 2-8) Why are so many independent sources of GABA needed for shaping the activity of pyramidal cells? A specialisation of GABA release times to differe ...
... differentiation, currently we recognise 3 types of pyramidal cells and at least 21 types of GABAergic neuron in the CA1 area of the hippocampus (refs 2-8) Why are so many independent sources of GABA needed for shaping the activity of pyramidal cells? A specialisation of GABA release times to differe ...
Synchronisation hubs in the visual cortex may arise from strong
... To quantify the oscillation strength of the recorded neuronal responses, we computed the oscillation score, as described previously (Muresan et al., 2008). In brief, this measure is based on analysing the power spectrum of autocorrelation histograms (ACHs) computed with 1-ms resolution (see below). ...
... To quantify the oscillation strength of the recorded neuronal responses, we computed the oscillation score, as described previously (Muresan et al., 2008). In brief, this measure is based on analysing the power spectrum of autocorrelation histograms (ACHs) computed with 1-ms resolution (see below). ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... used anesthesia, which is known to affect discharge patterns. In addition, there is disagreement about the proportion of neurons that are sensitive to binaural stimulation. This report examines the responses of neurons in the VNLL of the unanesthetized rabbit to monaural and binaural stimuli. Most n ...
... used anesthesia, which is known to affect discharge patterns. In addition, there is disagreement about the proportion of neurons that are sensitive to binaural stimulation. This report examines the responses of neurons in the VNLL of the unanesthetized rabbit to monaural and binaural stimuli. Most n ...
Drug-Evoked Synaptic Plasticity Causing Addictive Behavior
... et al., 1998), or even directly into a specific brain region [e.g., morphine into the ventral tegmental area (VTA); Bozarth and Wise, 1981]. While SA is a necessary condition to demonstrate the reinforcing nature of a given substance, it is by no means sufficient (Collins et al., 1984). SA translate ...
... et al., 1998), or even directly into a specific brain region [e.g., morphine into the ventral tegmental area (VTA); Bozarth and Wise, 1981]. While SA is a necessary condition to demonstrate the reinforcing nature of a given substance, it is by no means sufficient (Collins et al., 1984). SA translate ...
Neuromodulation of in Layer II Medial Entorhinal Cortex I
... SCs and membrane potential resonance at more depolarized pothrough activation of mAChRs, tail currents were measured in 1 tentials (Yoshida and Alonso, 2007; Heys et al., 2010). As such, we M atropine, a competitive mAChR antagonist and measured sought to provide the first direct measurement of M c ...
... SCs and membrane potential resonance at more depolarized pothrough activation of mAChRs, tail currents were measured in 1 tentials (Yoshida and Alonso, 2007; Heys et al., 2010). As such, we M atropine, a competitive mAChR antagonist and measured sought to provide the first direct measurement of M c ...
(2006) A cognitive signal for the proactive timing of action in
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
... activity should predict the precise time of proactive hand movements whenever these movements occur during a trial. Again analyzing the 40 LIP cells with elevated modulation indices, we plotted the populationaveraged activity from proactive trials, aligned to the start of dot motion and grouped by t ...
Auto-structure of presynaptic activity defines postsynaptic firing
... time constants τampa = 2 ms and τgaba = 5.6 ms were used respectively for the AMPA and GABA mediated receptors. The membrane time constant was set to τm = 20 ms. The synaptic conductance strength ggaba and gampa were chosen to be identical across all synapses of the same type. We model the postsynap ...
... time constants τampa = 2 ms and τgaba = 5.6 ms were used respectively for the AMPA and GABA mediated receptors. The membrane time constant was set to τm = 20 ms. The synaptic conductance strength ggaba and gampa were chosen to be identical across all synapses of the same type. We model the postsynap ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... high frequency firing during sensory responses induce an intracellular increase of ions such as Ca2+ or Na+ that activate ion-dependent K+ channels and also membrane depolarization can directly activate voltage-dependent K+ channels. The activation of potassium currents hyperpolarizes the membrane po ...
... high frequency firing during sensory responses induce an intracellular increase of ions such as Ca2+ or Na+ that activate ion-dependent K+ channels and also membrane depolarization can directly activate voltage-dependent K+ channels. The activation of potassium currents hyperpolarizes the membrane po ...
Full-Text PDF
... the chronic blockade of action potential (AP) driven synaptic activity throughout the network results in an increase in probability of release and mEPSC frequency without a change in synapse density [33,35,36,42–46]. In contrast, decreasing AP generation in individual neurons decreases mESPC frequen ...
... the chronic blockade of action potential (AP) driven synaptic activity throughout the network results in an increase in probability of release and mEPSC frequency without a change in synapse density [33,35,36,42–46]. In contrast, decreasing AP generation in individual neurons decreases mESPC frequen ...
The Inferior Parietal Lobule Is the Target of Output from the Superior
... of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received injections into LI P as well as portions of area 7a and area 7b. The other monkeys received smaller injections focused within one of the above-m ...
... of interest. The cortex was kept moist by the use of warmed (37– 40°C) sterile saline throughout the entire procedure. Injection sites. One monkey received injections into LI P as well as portions of area 7a and area 7b. The other monkeys received smaller injections focused within one of the above-m ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... sulcus in both hemispheres, we recorded again at each site and placed a pattern of lesions designed to identify each electrode track and the depths at which specific types of activity were found. In the second monkey, marking lesions were placed at the borders of VIP in one hemisphere. In the other ...
... sulcus in both hemispheres, we recorded again at each site and placed a pattern of lesions designed to identify each electrode track and the depths at which specific types of activity were found. In the second monkey, marking lesions were placed at the borders of VIP in one hemisphere. In the other ...
The Preoptic Nucleus in Fishes: A Comparative Discussion of
... wide regions of the telencephalon (Hal\ow\tzet al., 1971). Unfortunately the units recorded were not identified as being en- • docrine neurons by antidromic activation by pituitary stimulation. However, the input from wide regions of the telencephalon does imply that a wide variety of sensory modali ...
... wide regions of the telencephalon (Hal\ow\tzet al., 1971). Unfortunately the units recorded were not identified as being en- • docrine neurons by antidromic activation by pituitary stimulation. However, the input from wide regions of the telencephalon does imply that a wide variety of sensory modali ...
Kazumi TAKAHASHI†*, Jian-Sheng LIN† and Kazuya - HAL
... in firing rate > 0.5 s before the onset. At the transition from SWS to W, the sleep-specific neurons showed a significant decrease in firing rate 0.1 s before the onset of cortical activation, while the W-specific and W/PSspecific neurons fired > 0.5 s before the onset. TI-Ss neurons were characteri ...
... in firing rate > 0.5 s before the onset. At the transition from SWS to W, the sleep-specific neurons showed a significant decrease in firing rate 0.1 s before the onset of cortical activation, while the W-specific and W/PSspecific neurons fired > 0.5 s before the onset. TI-Ss neurons were characteri ...
found that in flight, 3D hippocampal place cells had nearly spherical
... cells from the hippocampus of different bats. Same notation as in (A). When a neuron had more than one place field, different fields were marked with different colors (K). The neuron in (J) was recorded in the cubic enclosure; the other neurons are from the rectangular-cuboid room. ...
... cells from the hippocampus of different bats. Same notation as in (A). When a neuron had more than one place field, different fields were marked with different colors (K). The neuron in (J) was recorded in the cubic enclosure; the other neurons are from the rectangular-cuboid room. ...
Membrane Potential Fluctuations in Neural Integrator
... awake goldfish to temporally resolve individual excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). We discovered that the EPSP rate increases with average membrane potential and eye position. The EPSPs also form a frothy fluctuation that constitutes a significant fraction of the total membrane voltage. Thi ...
... awake goldfish to temporally resolve individual excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs). We discovered that the EPSP rate increases with average membrane potential and eye position. The EPSPs also form a frothy fluctuation that constitutes a significant fraction of the total membrane voltage. Thi ...
“Congruent” and “Opposite” Neurons: Sisters for Multisensory
... the disparity information between the cues is lost, and the brain can no longer discriminate objects clearly when the cues actually come from different objects. To solve this dilemma, here we argue that the brain needs to carry out multisensory integration and segregation concurrently in the early s ...
... the disparity information between the cues is lost, and the brain can no longer discriminate objects clearly when the cues actually come from different objects. To solve this dilemma, here we argue that the brain needs to carry out multisensory integration and segregation concurrently in the early s ...
Introduction
... of the entire organism, including the nervous system. Yet, apoptosis also plays an important role in neuronal injury and disease. Aberrant apoptosis can result in too little cell loss as seen in cancer progression, as well as too much cell loss such as following stroke, spinal cord injury and in man ...
... of the entire organism, including the nervous system. Yet, apoptosis also plays an important role in neuronal injury and disease. Aberrant apoptosis can result in too little cell loss as seen in cancer progression, as well as too much cell loss such as following stroke, spinal cord injury and in man ...
Cortical Algorithms for Perceptual Grouping
... field compete for representation in the visual cortex. The competition is particularly strong in higher areas, where multiple objects are likely to fall into one RF. These inhibitory interactions occur on a fast timescale so that the competition already has an effect during the initial feedforward pr ...
... field compete for representation in the visual cortex. The competition is particularly strong in higher areas, where multiple objects are likely to fall into one RF. These inhibitory interactions occur on a fast timescale so that the competition already has an effect during the initial feedforward pr ...
the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... in spite of the fact that the size of the observed hand is obviously different in the two conditions. It is also of little importance for neuron activation if the observed action is eventually rewarded. The discharge is of the same intensity if the experimenter grasps the food and gives it to the re ...
... in spite of the fact that the size of the observed hand is obviously different in the two conditions. It is also of little importance for neuron activation if the observed action is eventually rewarded. The discharge is of the same intensity if the experimenter grasps the food and gives it to the re ...
New Roles for the External Globus Pallidus in Basal Ganglia Circuits
... GABAergic inputs to the subtantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and the resulting reduction in SNr activity helps release actions (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neu ...
... GABAergic inputs to the subtantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), and the resulting reduction in SNr activity helps release actions (Hikosaka and Wurtz, 1983). Stop cue processing initially involves much faster signaling through STN (⬃15 ms latencies), providing glutamatergic inputs to the same SNr neu ...
Functional organization of inferior parietal lobule convexity in the
... out moving the electrode row caudally in steps of 1 mm. During each experimental session each electrode was inserted one after the other inside the dura until the first neuronal activity was detected for each of them. Each electrode was then deepened into the cortex independently one from the other, ...
... out moving the electrode row caudally in steps of 1 mm. During each experimental session each electrode was inserted one after the other inside the dura until the first neuronal activity was detected for each of them. Each electrode was then deepened into the cortex independently one from the other, ...
Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... Mirror neurons respond when executing a motor act and when observing others’ similar act. So far, mirror neurons have been found only in macaques, humans, and songbirds. To investigate the degree of phylogenetic specialization of mirror neurons during the course of their evolution, we determined whe ...
... Mirror neurons respond when executing a motor act and when observing others’ similar act. So far, mirror neurons have been found only in macaques, humans, and songbirds. To investigate the degree of phylogenetic specialization of mirror neurons during the course of their evolution, we determined whe ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.