high-speed in vivo calcium imaging reveals neuronal network
... In vivo two-photon imaging using acousto-optic scanners Our first goal was to design an AOD-based two-photon microscope suitable for in vivo application. We custom-built a microscope setup that uses a pair of crossed AODs for two-dimensional deflection of the laser beam (Fig. 1a). A critical issue i ...
... In vivo two-photon imaging using acousto-optic scanners Our first goal was to design an AOD-based two-photon microscope suitable for in vivo application. We custom-built a microscope setup that uses a pair of crossed AODs for two-dimensional deflection of the laser beam (Fig. 1a). A critical issue i ...
From the Eye to the Brain: Development of the Drosophila
... neurons whose cell bodies are located between the CB and the lobula neuropil. Interestingly, despite the cell bodies’ varying distance to the lobula, their projections all merge at the neck of the lobula to form a single fiber tract connecting the lobula to the CB (Fig. 1E; Otsuna & Ito, 2006). Lobu ...
... neurons whose cell bodies are located between the CB and the lobula neuropil. Interestingly, despite the cell bodies’ varying distance to the lobula, their projections all merge at the neck of the lobula to form a single fiber tract connecting the lobula to the CB (Fig. 1E; Otsuna & Ito, 2006). Lobu ...
A Neuronal Model of Predictive Coding Accounting for the
... However, a detailed neuronal model of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the MMN is still lacking, and its computational foundations remain debated. We propose here a detailed neuronal model of auditory cortex, based on predictive coding, that accounts for the critical features of MMN. The mo ...
... However, a detailed neuronal model of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the MMN is still lacking, and its computational foundations remain debated. We propose here a detailed neuronal model of auditory cortex, based on predictive coding, that accounts for the critical features of MMN. The mo ...
Does the Conventional Leaky Integrate-and
... 2- Variation of the delay between pre-synaptic spike arrival and post-synaptic channel opening, in different synapses. (Synaptic noise) 3- The noise due to spontaneous firings of the neurons, which is often treated as a Poisson process. (Spontaneous noise) Thus, if the cortical neural groups are ass ...
... 2- Variation of the delay between pre-synaptic spike arrival and post-synaptic channel opening, in different synapses. (Synaptic noise) 3- The noise due to spontaneous firings of the neurons, which is often treated as a Poisson process. (Spontaneous noise) Thus, if the cortical neural groups are ass ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... and 100 A, each lasting 0.1 ms—were delivered intermittently at variable intervals between 10 and 15 s. The lowest intensity of stimulation (35 A) evoked little response in the hippocampus, and thus was excluded from the study’s analyses. After completion of the above recording sessions, the ACC e ...
... and 100 A, each lasting 0.1 ms—were delivered intermittently at variable intervals between 10 and 15 s. The lowest intensity of stimulation (35 A) evoked little response in the hippocampus, and thus was excluded from the study’s analyses. After completion of the above recording sessions, the ACC e ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives the chemical message? The receptors on a receiving neuron 14. What happens in a receiving neuron after neurotransmitters have attached to the receptors? The receiving neuron make ...
... sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives the chemical message? The receptors on a receiving neuron 14. What happens in a receiving neuron after neurotransmitters have attached to the receptors? The receiving neuron make ...
Nerve Cell Communication - URMC
... sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives the chemical message? The receptors on a receiving neuron 14. What happens in a receiving neuron after neurotransmitters have attached to the receptors? The receiving neuron make ...
... sending neuron that releases its neurotransmitters to send messages to other neurons. 13. Which part of a neuron receives the chemical message? The receptors on a receiving neuron 14. What happens in a receiving neuron after neurotransmitters have attached to the receptors? The receiving neuron make ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... biological motion [28,29], and the absence of the grasping action in the Context condition explains the lack of increased signal in the STS. The lack of increased signal in the inferior parietal lobule is also explained by the absence of an action in the Context condition. Note that, in monkeys, inf ...
... biological motion [28,29], and the absence of the grasping action in the Context condition explains the lack of increased signal in the STS. The lack of increased signal in the inferior parietal lobule is also explained by the absence of an action in the Context condition. Note that, in monkeys, inf ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
Imitation, Empathy, and Mirror Neurons
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
... which we can observe our own arm and hand reach and grasp for objects surrounding us. Also, mirrors and other reflecting surfaces allow the observation of one’s own facial and body movement as if they were performed by somebody else. Furthermore, early in human development, adults tend to imitate the ...
PDF
... was based on a non-linear system of difference equations with a random component. This model included only four parameters and was fitted to a wide variety of experimental measurements to reproduce successfully the patterns of axon growth of a number of different neuron types. Our model is based on e ...
... was based on a non-linear system of difference equations with a random component. This model included only four parameters and was fitted to a wide variety of experimental measurements to reproduce successfully the patterns of axon growth of a number of different neuron types. Our model is based on e ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... corticofugal neurons. SOX5 loss-of-function causes striking overlap of the identities of the three principal sequentially born corticofugal neuron subtypes: subplate neurons, corticothalamic neurons, and subcerebral projection neurons. In Sox5!/! cortex, subplate neurons aberrantly develop molecular ...
... corticofugal neurons. SOX5 loss-of-function causes striking overlap of the identities of the three principal sequentially born corticofugal neuron subtypes: subplate neurons, corticothalamic neurons, and subcerebral projection neurons. In Sox5!/! cortex, subplate neurons aberrantly develop molecular ...
Fine-scale specificity of cortical networks depends on inhibitory cell
... firing properties for neuron pairs consisting of a simultaneously recorded pyramidal neuron (red dendrites) and inhibitory neuron (blue dendrites and grey axons). Intrinsic firing properties indicated that the inhibitory neuron in a was fastspiking (FS) and the inhibitory neuron in b was adapting (A ...
... firing properties for neuron pairs consisting of a simultaneously recorded pyramidal neuron (red dendrites) and inhibitory neuron (blue dendrites and grey axons). Intrinsic firing properties indicated that the inhibitory neuron in a was fastspiking (FS) and the inhibitory neuron in b was adapting (A ...
Confidence-Related Decision Making
... selective pools represent the choices. The neurons within each excitatory selective population have strong recurrent connections and there are weak connections between the pools. When an external input is delivered to one or both of the selective pools the activity increases, causing an enhancement ...
... selective pools represent the choices. The neurons within each excitatory selective population have strong recurrent connections and there are weak connections between the pools. When an external input is delivered to one or both of the selective pools the activity increases, causing an enhancement ...
A Double-labeling Investigation of the Afferent Connectivity to
... cortical surface (Van Essen, 1979; Kaas, 1980; Tusa et al., 1981), numerous studies have addressed the question of their afferent connectivity. Anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques have demonstrated extensive redundancy in the connections of these visual areas. In other words, each area rec ...
... cortical surface (Van Essen, 1979; Kaas, 1980; Tusa et al., 1981), numerous studies have addressed the question of their afferent connectivity. Anterograde and retrograde tracing techniques have demonstrated extensive redundancy in the connections of these visual areas. In other words, each area rec ...
IBRO 2008
... differentiation, currently we recognise 3 types of pyramidal cells and at least 21 types of GABAergic neuron in the CA1 area of the hippocampus (refs 2-8) Why are so many independent sources of GABA needed for shaping the activity of pyramidal cells? A specialisation of GABA release times to differe ...
... differentiation, currently we recognise 3 types of pyramidal cells and at least 21 types of GABAergic neuron in the CA1 area of the hippocampus (refs 2-8) Why are so many independent sources of GABA needed for shaping the activity of pyramidal cells? A specialisation of GABA release times to differe ...
Chapter 2
... microscopic level nor have the local axons from IC GABAergic neurons (see Section 4.2). Although the inputs to ICC have been identified at the electron microscopic level, their synaptic role in processing auditory information remains an area of intense interest. For example, it is unclear whether th ...
... microscopic level nor have the local axons from IC GABAergic neurons (see Section 4.2). Although the inputs to ICC have been identified at the electron microscopic level, their synaptic role in processing auditory information remains an area of intense interest. For example, it is unclear whether th ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.