Mirror Neurons in a New World Monkey, Common Marmoset
... Mirror neurons respond when executing a motor act and when observing others’ similar act. So far, mirror neurons have been found only in macaques, humans, and songbirds. To investigate the degree of phylogenetic specialization of mirror neurons during the course of their evolution, we determined whe ...
... Mirror neurons respond when executing a motor act and when observing others’ similar act. So far, mirror neurons have been found only in macaques, humans, and songbirds. To investigate the degree of phylogenetic specialization of mirror neurons during the course of their evolution, we determined whe ...
Primate Red Nucleus Discharge Encodes the Dynamics of Limb
... common finding among these studies is that among the signals collected during movement, velocity accounts for a greater percentage of discharge than either position or acceleration (Ashe and Georgopoulos 1994; Gibson et al. 1985b). Gibson and colleagues speculated that an integrator, located in the ...
... common finding among these studies is that among the signals collected during movement, velocity accounts for a greater percentage of discharge than either position or acceleration (Ashe and Georgopoulos 1994; Gibson et al. 1985b). Gibson and colleagues speculated that an integrator, located in the ...
Reprint (1.52 MB PDF)
... researchers have recorded and electrically stimulated cultured networks at multiple spatial locations (Gross et al., 1993b; Tateno and Jimbo, 1999; Shahaf and Marom, 2001). We developed a closed-loop paradigm (Potter et al., 1997; DeMarse et al., 2001; Potter et al., 2004) consisting of a sensory-mo ...
... researchers have recorded and electrically stimulated cultured networks at multiple spatial locations (Gross et al., 1993b; Tateno and Jimbo, 1999; Shahaf and Marom, 2001). We developed a closed-loop paradigm (Potter et al., 1997; DeMarse et al., 2001; Potter et al., 2004) consisting of a sensory-mo ...
multiple reward signals in the brain
... Figure 3 | Neuronal activity in primate striatum and orbitofrontal cortex related to the expectation of reward. a | Activity in a putamen neuron during a delayed go–no go task in which an initial cue instructs the monkey to produce or withhold a reaching movement following a trigger stimulus. The in ...
... Figure 3 | Neuronal activity in primate striatum and orbitofrontal cortex related to the expectation of reward. a | Activity in a putamen neuron during a delayed go–no go task in which an initial cue instructs the monkey to produce or withhold a reaching movement following a trigger stimulus. The in ...
Columnar Organization of Dendrites and Axons of Single and
... particular the axonal projections and the postsynaptic target structures of synaptically coupled spiny neurons in layer 4 of rat barrel cortex. We show that the dendritic arbor is largely confined to a single barrel in layer 4 and that the axon projects vertically throughout all cortical layers but ...
... particular the axonal projections and the postsynaptic target structures of synaptically coupled spiny neurons in layer 4 of rat barrel cortex. We show that the dendritic arbor is largely confined to a single barrel in layer 4 and that the axon projects vertically throughout all cortical layers but ...
Visual and Oculomotor Functions of Monkey Subthalamic Nucleus
... 1990; Huerta et al. 1986; Stanton et al. 1988) and its efferent connections to SNr (Nauta and Cole 1978; Parent and Smith 1987; Smith et al. 1990). Because STN appears to play an important role in motor control, and damage to STN has been implicated in many movement disorders, its potential role in ...
... 1990; Huerta et al. 1986; Stanton et al. 1988) and its efferent connections to SNr (Nauta and Cole 1978; Parent and Smith 1987; Smith et al. 1990). Because STN appears to play an important role in motor control, and damage to STN has been implicated in many movement disorders, its potential role in ...
Activity-dependent editing of neuromuscular synaptic connections
... of inputs innervating target cells, from many inputs to fewer, as in preganglionic inputs to autonomic ganglia neurons [51], as well as from many inputs to a single input, as in motor neuron inputs to skeletal muscle [9,74]. While synaptic editing leads to a frank loss of axonal inputs and synapses, ...
... of inputs innervating target cells, from many inputs to fewer, as in preganglionic inputs to autonomic ganglia neurons [51], as well as from many inputs to a single input, as in motor neuron inputs to skeletal muscle [9,74]. While synaptic editing leads to a frank loss of axonal inputs and synapses, ...
OPTOGENETIC STUDY OF THE PROJECTIONS FROM THE BED
... al. 2013). Second, we aimed to minimize use-dependent depression of optogenetically-elicited ...
... al. 2013). Second, we aimed to minimize use-dependent depression of optogenetically-elicited ...
Differential Temporal Storage Capacity in the Baseline Activity of
... substantial amounts of time. We found that temporal correlations in baseline activity were significantly stronger in FEF neurons than those in V4 neurons. The finding that there are region-specific differences in a neuron’s ability to store the history of its own activity in the absence of sensory o ...
... substantial amounts of time. We found that temporal correlations in baseline activity were significantly stronger in FEF neurons than those in V4 neurons. The finding that there are region-specific differences in a neuron’s ability to store the history of its own activity in the absence of sensory o ...
Lateral olfactory processing
... with the palp covered during presentation. This new approach isolates the lateral inputs to palp PNs (by shielding then from direct sensory input), without eliminating the spontaneous activity of palp ORNs. In this configuration, they found that the odorant-evoked activation of ORNs on the antenna i ...
... with the palp covered during presentation. This new approach isolates the lateral inputs to palp PNs (by shielding then from direct sensory input), without eliminating the spontaneous activity of palp ORNs. In this configuration, they found that the odorant-evoked activation of ORNs on the antenna i ...
Gustatory processing is dynamic and distributed Donald B
... neurons course within the CNS cranial nerves VII, IX and X [6] to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), which in turn transmits information to the parabrachial nuclei of the pons (PbN). From the brainstem, taste information is transmitted to the thalamocortical system, amygdala and hypothalamus. ...
... neurons course within the CNS cranial nerves VII, IX and X [6] to the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), which in turn transmits information to the parabrachial nuclei of the pons (PbN). From the brainstem, taste information is transmitted to the thalamocortical system, amygdala and hypothalamus. ...
Paper: Neural substrates for expectation
... the population of shock-responsive LAn neurons (n = 27) for each of the four conditioning trial blocks (four trials per block) and for the first four trials of the pre- and post-conditioning test sessions ...
... the population of shock-responsive LAn neurons (n = 27) for each of the four conditioning trial blocks (four trials per block) and for the first four trials of the pre- and post-conditioning test sessions ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... attributed to a sensitization of central nociceptive neurons with an increased excitability to afferent input. We investigated if noxious dural stimulation evokes sensitization of second-order neurons that leads to an increased responsiveness to stimulation of cervical afferents. Recordings were mad ...
... attributed to a sensitization of central nociceptive neurons with an increased excitability to afferent input. We investigated if noxious dural stimulation evokes sensitization of second-order neurons that leads to an increased responsiveness to stimulation of cervical afferents. Recordings were mad ...
Mapping of second order olfactory neurons and ventral
... The odorant receptor proteins are positioned on the dendrites of OSNs. The odor molecules pass through the pore in the cuticular wall and reach the aqueous sensillum lymph. The lipophilic odorant molecules are carried to the receptor protein by special proteins, socalled odorant-binding proteins. Th ...
... The odorant receptor proteins are positioned on the dendrites of OSNs. The odor molecules pass through the pore in the cuticular wall and reach the aqueous sensillum lymph. The lipophilic odorant molecules are carried to the receptor protein by special proteins, socalled odorant-binding proteins. Th ...
Memory Maintenance in Synapses with Calcium
... Most models of learning and memory assume that memories are maintained in neuronal circuits by persistent synaptic modifications induced by specific patterns of pre- and postsynaptic activity. For this scenario to be viable, synaptic modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present ...
... Most models of learning and memory assume that memories are maintained in neuronal circuits by persistent synaptic modifications induced by specific patterns of pre- and postsynaptic activity. For this scenario to be viable, synaptic modifications must survive the ubiquitous ongoing activity present ...
Inhibition of central neurons is reduced following acoustic trauma
... upper cutoff frequency (22 kHz in Fig. 2E). The upper frequency edge of the response is sharp at all levels with inhibition sometimes visible at higher frequencies. Auditory nerve fibers in ears with acoustic trauma often show tuning curves with similar low-pass behavior, appearing to be derived fro ...
... upper cutoff frequency (22 kHz in Fig. 2E). The upper frequency edge of the response is sharp at all levels with inhibition sometimes visible at higher frequencies. Auditory nerve fibers in ears with acoustic trauma often show tuning curves with similar low-pass behavior, appearing to be derived fro ...
Proceedings of 2013 BMI the Second International Conference on
... unable to move. Conventional assistive devices for people with severe motor disabilities are inherently limited, often relying on residual motor function for their use. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aim to provide a more powerful signal source by tapping into the rich information content that is ...
... unable to move. Conventional assistive devices for people with severe motor disabilities are inherently limited, often relying on residual motor function for their use. Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) aim to provide a more powerful signal source by tapping into the rich information content that is ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... bolts for fastening a halo ring for head fixation, a magnetic search coil for eye-movement recording, and a stainless steel cylinder for microelectrode recording around a trephine hole in the skull over the anterior part of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Extracellular recordings of single-unit ...
... bolts for fastening a halo ring for head fixation, a magnetic search coil for eye-movement recording, and a stainless steel cylinder for microelectrode recording around a trephine hole in the skull over the anterior part of the inferior parietal lobule (IPL). Extracellular recordings of single-unit ...
Local functions for FMRP in axon growth cone motility and activity
... to be an increase in total spine density in vivo (Irwin et al., 2002); however, this phenotype was only transient during postnatal development in a subsequent study (Nimchinsky et al., 2001). The spine phenotype in FXS may be due to altered translational regulation needed for spine development and m ...
... to be an increase in total spine density in vivo (Irwin et al., 2002); however, this phenotype was only transient during postnatal development in a subsequent study (Nimchinsky et al., 2001). The spine phenotype in FXS may be due to altered translational regulation needed for spine development and m ...
Labeled lines meet and talk: population coding of somatic sensations
... sensitivity. In the past century, great progress has been made in understanding the coding of these sensory modalities. From this work, two major features have emerged. First, there are specific neuronal circuits or labeled lines transmitting specific sensory information from the skin to the brain. ...
... sensitivity. In the past century, great progress has been made in understanding the coding of these sensory modalities. From this work, two major features have emerged. First, there are specific neuronal circuits or labeled lines transmitting specific sensory information from the skin to the brain. ...
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials Trigger a Plateau Potential in Rat
... Otsuka, Takeshi, Fujio Murakami, and Wen-Jie Song. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials trigger a plateau potential in rat subthalamic neurons at hyperpolarized states. J Neurophysiol 86: 1816 –1825, 2001. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) directly innervates the output structures of the basal ganglia, pl ...
... Otsuka, Takeshi, Fujio Murakami, and Wen-Jie Song. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials trigger a plateau potential in rat subthalamic neurons at hyperpolarized states. J Neurophysiol 86: 1816 –1825, 2001. The subthalamic nucleus (STN) directly innervates the output structures of the basal ganglia, pl ...
Identified Serotonergic Neurons LCBI and RCBI in the Cerebral
... We next addressed the question of whether stimulating the CBl cells in a manner similar to their response to tail shock produces reliable facilitation of the EPSP from LE sensory cells to follower cells. CBl neurons were identified as described above. An LE sensory cell and a follower neuron (usuall ...
... We next addressed the question of whether stimulating the CBl cells in a manner similar to their response to tail shock produces reliable facilitation of the EPSP from LE sensory cells to follower cells. CBl neurons were identified as described above. An LE sensory cell and a follower neuron (usuall ...
Pre-Bötzinger complex
The pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) is a cluster of interneurons in the ventrolateral medulla of the brainstem. This complex has been proven to be essential for the generation of respiratory rhythm in mammals. The exact mechanism of the rhythm generation and transmission to motor nuclei remains controversial and the topic of much present research.Several synthetic compounds have been shown to act on neurons specific to the preBötC, most being selective agonists or antagonists to receptor subtypes on neurons in the vicinity. Since many of these neurons express GABA, glutamate, serotonin and adenosine receptors, chemicals custom tailored to bind at these sites are most effective at altering respiratory rhythm.Adenosine modulates the preBötC output via activation of the A1 and A2A receptor subtypes. An adenosine A1 receptor agonist has been shown to depress preBötC rhythmogenesis independent of the neurotransmitters GABA and glycine in ""in vitro"" preparations from 0-7 day old mice. Another synthetic drug specific to the adenosine A2A receptor subtype is CGS-21680 that has been shown to cause apneas in 14-21 day old rat pups in vivo. For this reason, it has been used as a model to study pathological conditions such as apnea of prematurity and SIDS in neonatal infants.