A first-principle for the nervous system
... three neurons (N1, N2, N3 and N4, N5, N6) and two synapses (S1, S2, and S3, S4) each to arrive at the location of convergence C. Changes at the synapses along their pathways (S1, S2, and S3, S4) do not provide a mechanistic explanation of how one stimulus can evoke the internal sensation of memories ...
... three neurons (N1, N2, N3 and N4, N5, N6) and two synapses (S1, S2, and S3, S4) each to arrive at the location of convergence C. Changes at the synapses along their pathways (S1, S2, and S3, S4) do not provide a mechanistic explanation of how one stimulus can evoke the internal sensation of memories ...
15-5 Somatic Motor Pathways
... o Second-order neurons Cross to the opposite side of the spinal cord before ascending Ascend within the anterior or lateral spinothalamic tracts o The anterior tracts carry crude touch and pressure sensations o The lateral tracts carry pain and temperature sensations ...
... o Second-order neurons Cross to the opposite side of the spinal cord before ascending Ascend within the anterior or lateral spinothalamic tracts o The anterior tracts carry crude touch and pressure sensations o The lateral tracts carry pain and temperature sensations ...
Nervous System - Austin Community College
... 4. the neurotransmitter is then either broken down or reabsorbed by the axon terminal ...
... 4. the neurotransmitter is then either broken down or reabsorbed by the axon terminal ...
e. Nervous System - 2404 copy
... 4. the neurotransmitter is then either broken down or reabsorbed by the axon terminal ...
... 4. the neurotransmitter is then either broken down or reabsorbed by the axon terminal ...
Conditioned tone control of brain reward behavior produces highly
... Primary sensory cortices have been assumed to serve as stimulus analyzers while cognitive functions such as learning and memory have been allocated to ‘‘higher” cortical areas. However, the primary auditory cortex (A1) is now known to encode the acquired significance of sound as indicated by associat ...
... Primary sensory cortices have been assumed to serve as stimulus analyzers while cognitive functions such as learning and memory have been allocated to ‘‘higher” cortical areas. However, the primary auditory cortex (A1) is now known to encode the acquired significance of sound as indicated by associat ...
Categorical perception of somesthetic stimuli: psychophysical
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
... stimulus speeds (categorical neurons). In a light instruction task, we tested the possibility that the categorical neurons (n = 71) were associated with the intention to press, or with the trajectory of the hand to one of the two target switches used to indicate categorization. In this situation, ea ...
peripheral neuropathy
... neuropathies because of its steroid-sparing effect. Concurrent use of these two medications allows corticosteroids to be tapered more quickly and more completely once the neuropathy is brought under control. The usual dosage of azathioprine is 2-3 mg/kg/day given in divided doses. This medication ha ...
... neuropathies because of its steroid-sparing effect. Concurrent use of these two medications allows corticosteroids to be tapered more quickly and more completely once the neuropathy is brought under control. The usual dosage of azathioprine is 2-3 mg/kg/day given in divided doses. This medication ha ...
Modelling the Development of Mirror Neurons for Auditory
... Miranda (2002b) has recently proposed an adaptive mechanism whereby interacting software agents are able to establish such associations symbolically. In this case, it is assumed that the agents have a brain capable of performing the subsymbolic neural tasks that are required for these associations. ...
... Miranda (2002b) has recently proposed an adaptive mechanism whereby interacting software agents are able to establish such associations symbolically. In this case, it is assumed that the agents have a brain capable of performing the subsymbolic neural tasks that are required for these associations. ...
Deep transcranial magnetic stimulation over the prefrontal cortex
... magnitude above the threshold for neuronal activation (set to 100 V/m). All coils were similar in stimulation parameters, yet differed in laterality: The H1-coil stimulates the PFC bilaterally, but gives distinct preferential stimulation to the deep layers of the left PFC. The H2-coil stimulates the ...
... magnitude above the threshold for neuronal activation (set to 100 V/m). All coils were similar in stimulation parameters, yet differed in laterality: The H1-coil stimulates the PFC bilaterally, but gives distinct preferential stimulation to the deep layers of the left PFC. The H2-coil stimulates the ...
Crapse (2008) Corollary discharge across the animal kingdom
... and for the general analysis of sensory processing that takes place close to the motor output. However, it has become apparent that the decussation from motor to sensory areas might occur at any number of levels of motor control, some of which are remote from the final effector stage (FIG. 1b). In s ...
... and for the general analysis of sensory processing that takes place close to the motor output. However, it has become apparent that the decussation from motor to sensory areas might occur at any number of levels of motor control, some of which are remote from the final effector stage (FIG. 1b). In s ...
Relative timing: from behaviour to neurons
... stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A lead time’. SOA is positive when stimulus A is presented first and negative when stimulus B is presented first. The single-headed arrow (green) cor ...
... stimulus onset asynchronies (SOA). Subject’s probability of reporting stimulus A appearing first is plotted as a function of SOA, defined as ‘stimulus A lead time’. SOA is positive when stimulus A is presented first and negative when stimulus B is presented first. The single-headed arrow (green) cor ...
Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5) - California Health Information Association
... The Ophthalmic nerve carries only sensory fibers. Branches include nasociliary nerve and its branches; posterior ethmoidal nerve, long ciliary nerve, infratrochlear nerve, anterior ethmoidal nerve, the lacrimal nerve, the frontal nerve and its branches; supratroclear nerve, supraorbital nerve. The M ...
... The Ophthalmic nerve carries only sensory fibers. Branches include nasociliary nerve and its branches; posterior ethmoidal nerve, long ciliary nerve, infratrochlear nerve, anterior ethmoidal nerve, the lacrimal nerve, the frontal nerve and its branches; supratroclear nerve, supraorbital nerve. The M ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Cortical Auditory Adaptation
... adaptation in primary auditory cortex (A1) from awake, freely moving rats. Two identical stimuli were delivered with different intervals ranging from 50 ms to 8 s. Single neuron recordings in the awake animal revealed that the response to a sound is influenced by sounds delivered even several second ...
... adaptation in primary auditory cortex (A1) from awake, freely moving rats. Two identical stimuli were delivered with different intervals ranging from 50 ms to 8 s. Single neuron recordings in the awake animal revealed that the response to a sound is influenced by sounds delivered even several second ...
T2 - Center for Neural Basis of Cognition
... Extrastriate Summary Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active ...
... Extrastriate Summary Remapping occurs at early stages of the visual hierarchy. Corollary discharge has an impact far back into the system. Remapping implies widespread connectivity in which many neurons have rapid access to information well beyond the classical receptive field. Vision is an active ...
Neural Correlates of Perceived Brightness in the Retina, Lateral
... fields. Numerous studies have shown that across visual areas the response of a neuron to contours within the RF can be significantly affected by stimuli presented outside the RF (Maffei and Fiorentini, 1976; Allman et al., 1985; Gilbert and Wiesel, 1990; ...
... fields. Numerous studies have shown that across visual areas the response of a neuron to contours within the RF can be significantly affected by stimuli presented outside the RF (Maffei and Fiorentini, 1976; Allman et al., 1985; Gilbert and Wiesel, 1990; ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... midbrain network contains the superior colliculus (SC; optic tectum, OT, in non-mammalian vertebrates) and the isthmic nuclei. Working together with the frontoparietal network in the forebrain [6–8], it evaluates the relative priorities of stimuli and maintains a topographic representation of those ...
... midbrain network contains the superior colliculus (SC; optic tectum, OT, in non-mammalian vertebrates) and the isthmic nuclei. Working together with the frontoparietal network in the forebrain [6–8], it evaluates the relative priorities of stimuli and maintains a topographic representation of those ...
... always self-terminate21. In contrast, we found that when EC layer V cells were activated from a resting level of about 10 mV or less from spike threshold, increases in the stimulus duration (Fig. 1b) or intensity (Fig. 1c) always led to an increase in the duration of the plateau potential (Fig. 1b a ...
Auditory Hallucinations as a Separate Entitity
... The forebrain plays an important role in many aspects of sound localization behavior1. The Auditory Archistraitum (AAr) and the area surrounding it are also essential for auditory spatial memory and for mediating changes in gaze to and guiding movements toward, remembered auditory stimuli. Consisten ...
... The forebrain plays an important role in many aspects of sound localization behavior1. The Auditory Archistraitum (AAr) and the area surrounding it are also essential for auditory spatial memory and for mediating changes in gaze to and guiding movements toward, remembered auditory stimuli. Consisten ...
Bad Fish - Groch Biology
... new toxic compound. • In your first experiment, you generate action potentials in axons of large neurons obtained from squid in the presence of this new toxin. You find after depolarizing, the membrane potential remained positive for an extended length of time and the repolarization was often extrem ...
... new toxic compound. • In your first experiment, you generate action potentials in axons of large neurons obtained from squid in the presence of this new toxin. You find after depolarizing, the membrane potential remained positive for an extended length of time and the repolarization was often extrem ...
PDF
... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
Transcripts/01_08 10
... this is a motor mapping. He says the sensory and motor mappings match up pretty well). You can divide the body up into the dermatomes: a certain piece of skin or patch of skin corresponds to a specific spinal nerve. i. This is important in spinal cord injuries when you are trying to get a level of w ...
... this is a motor mapping. He says the sensory and motor mappings match up pretty well). You can divide the body up into the dermatomes: a certain piece of skin or patch of skin corresponds to a specific spinal nerve. i. This is important in spinal cord injuries when you are trying to get a level of w ...
Exercise 15: Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
... • Posterior projections are the posterior or dorsal horns. • Anterior projections are the anterior or ventral horns. • In the thoracic and lumbar cord, there also exist lateral horns. ...
... • Posterior projections are the posterior or dorsal horns. • Anterior projections are the anterior or ventral horns. • In the thoracic and lumbar cord, there also exist lateral horns. ...
BACOFUN_2016 Meeting Booklet - Barrel Cortex Function 2016
... Mike Guest, Elizabeth Wendel, Peter Strick, Marcel Oberlaender The rodent vibrissal system offers an ideal model for studying sensory-motor pathways in the mammalian central nervous system. There has been much consideration to bring insight to the organization of the whisker sensory pathways through ...
... Mike Guest, Elizabeth Wendel, Peter Strick, Marcel Oberlaender The rodent vibrissal system offers an ideal model for studying sensory-motor pathways in the mammalian central nervous system. There has been much consideration to bring insight to the organization of the whisker sensory pathways through ...
resting membrane potential
... Figure 7.6 Membrane potential of a cell permeable to potassium only. Potassium (K+) and organic anions (A-) are located in greater concentration inside the cell. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions are located in greater concentration outside the cell. The width of an arrow is relative to the stren ...
... Figure 7.6 Membrane potential of a cell permeable to potassium only. Potassium (K+) and organic anions (A-) are located in greater concentration inside the cell. Sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions are located in greater concentration outside the cell. The width of an arrow is relative to the stren ...