the manuscript as pdf
... awareness of self and environment. The fluctuations suggest that their limited functional capacities might be augmented if their highest functional performance level was stabilized. In some cases MCS patients fluctuate quite widely, revealing marked residual cerebral function including capacities fo ...
... awareness of self and environment. The fluctuations suggest that their limited functional capacities might be augmented if their highest functional performance level was stabilized. In some cases MCS patients fluctuate quite widely, revealing marked residual cerebral function including capacities fo ...
Sensory uncertainty decoded from visual cortex
... 0.1°) appeared at the center of the screen at an initially random orientation. The line disappeared gradually over the last 1 s of the response period to indicate the approaching end of this window. Subjects reported the orientation of the grating by rotating the line using separate buttons for cloc ...
... 0.1°) appeared at the center of the screen at an initially random orientation. The line disappeared gradually over the last 1 s of the response period to indicate the approaching end of this window. Subjects reported the orientation of the grating by rotating the line using separate buttons for cloc ...
A simultaneous ERP/fMRI investigation of the P300 aging effect
... intracranial generators of EEG activity cannot be reliably inferred on the basis of topographical distribution alone due to volume conduction and the inverse problem. Thus, the true source of the age-related frontal shift cannot be determined without recourse to other brain imaging methods. Another ...
... intracranial generators of EEG activity cannot be reliably inferred on the basis of topographical distribution alone due to volume conduction and the inverse problem. Thus, the true source of the age-related frontal shift cannot be determined without recourse to other brain imaging methods. Another ...
A framework for the first-person internal sensation of visual
... potential, neuronal firing is non-specific with regards to its inputs. For example, in a pyramidal neuron with thousands of inputs, the arrival of nearly any set of 40 excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) at the axonal hillock can lead to its firing (Palmer et al. 2014). (2) Secondly, dependin ...
... potential, neuronal firing is non-specific with regards to its inputs. For example, in a pyramidal neuron with thousands of inputs, the arrival of nearly any set of 40 excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) at the axonal hillock can lead to its firing (Palmer et al. 2014). (2) Secondly, dependin ...
ch_12_lecture_outline_a
... • Receives sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints • Capable of spatial discrimination: identification of body region being stimulated ...
... • Receives sensory information from the skin, skeletal muscles, and joints • Capable of spatial discrimination: identification of body region being stimulated ...
Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain
... These changes in tuning were most likely due to physiological changes in the neuronal firing patterns as a result of adaptation to the decoder. As the patient learns to operate the BCI, functional reorganization occurs in multiple brain areas, resulting from closed-loop feedback and adaptation to pe ...
... These changes in tuning were most likely due to physiological changes in the neuronal firing patterns as a result of adaptation to the decoder. As the patient learns to operate the BCI, functional reorganization occurs in multiple brain areas, resulting from closed-loop feedback and adaptation to pe ...
Somatic regions Limbic These functionally distinct
... Localization in cat by electrical stimulation studies ...
... Localization in cat by electrical stimulation studies ...
Cardiovascular depressor responses to stimulation of substantia
... SN and VTA were blocked by the peripheral and central administration of a DA antagonist, it was suggested that these responses were mediated by mesotelencephalic DA projections (11, 12, 24). However, the location of the neurons within the mesencephalon that may be responsible for these cardiovascula ...
... SN and VTA were blocked by the peripheral and central administration of a DA antagonist, it was suggested that these responses were mediated by mesotelencephalic DA projections (11, 12, 24). However, the location of the neurons within the mesencephalon that may be responsible for these cardiovascula ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... re¯ex and withdrawal re¯exes in the unparalysed state, and, during muscular paralysis, from the absence of gross ¯uctuations of blood pressure and heart rate. Arterial blood pressure was monitored continuously through the cannulated femoral artery. The animals were paralysed with pancuronium bromide ...
... re¯ex and withdrawal re¯exes in the unparalysed state, and, during muscular paralysis, from the absence of gross ¯uctuations of blood pressure and heart rate. Arterial blood pressure was monitored continuously through the cannulated femoral artery. The animals were paralysed with pancuronium bromide ...
Current BCI Platforms
... top of the head, or vertex, and occur over time scales of several seconds - Negative SCP: Movement and cognitive functions involving cortical activation - Positive SCPs: A reduction in such activations - Can be learn to control SCP amplitude ...
... top of the head, or vertex, and occur over time scales of several seconds - Negative SCP: Movement and cognitive functions involving cortical activation - Positive SCPs: A reduction in such activations - Can be learn to control SCP amplitude ...
REVIEW Reticular formation and spinal cord injury
... Other RF-related brain stem areas Periaqueductal grey matter has reciprocal connections with cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, limbic system, RF nuclei within the brain stem and the spinal cord (Figure 5). Such extensive connections indicate its extremely important role of coordinating and modulating f ...
... Other RF-related brain stem areas Periaqueductal grey matter has reciprocal connections with cerebral cortex, hypothalamus, limbic system, RF nuclei within the brain stem and the spinal cord (Figure 5). Such extensive connections indicate its extremely important role of coordinating and modulating f ...
Chordate evolution and the origin of craniates
... (starfishes, brittle stars, etc.), hemichordates (acorn worms), and chordates. The direction toward or pertaining to the back surface of an animal. A particular level of development or organization shared by a set of species that may or may not be within a single phylogenetic lineage. Type of neuron ...
... (starfishes, brittle stars, etc.), hemichordates (acorn worms), and chordates. The direction toward or pertaining to the back surface of an animal. A particular level of development or organization shared by a set of species that may or may not be within a single phylogenetic lineage. Type of neuron ...
Name
... A reflex arc is a way of visualizing the direction of transmission of nerve signals. The arc begins with a receptor, a specialized cell which is stimulated by a change in the environment. For example, some receptors in the skin are sensitive to heat, others to pressure, and so on. If stimulation of ...
... A reflex arc is a way of visualizing the direction of transmission of nerve signals. The arc begins with a receptor, a specialized cell which is stimulated by a change in the environment. For example, some receptors in the skin are sensitive to heat, others to pressure, and so on. If stimulation of ...
Fig. 2 - eNeuro
... stimulator (Digitimer) to induce the KO response. During head-on clashes with Petri dish walls, the tadpole head touches the wall every time its tail flapped to propel the animal forward. Therefore, we set a typical electrical skin stimulation protocol as five pulses with duration of 0.2 ms at 30 Hz ...
... stimulator (Digitimer) to induce the KO response. During head-on clashes with Petri dish walls, the tadpole head touches the wall every time its tail flapped to propel the animal forward. Therefore, we set a typical electrical skin stimulation protocol as five pulses with duration of 0.2 ms at 30 Hz ...
neuroanatomy - NC State Veterinary Medicine
... The rostral colliculus in mammals has 7 layers - 3 cellular (strata griseum superficiale, intermediate, and profundus) alternating with 4 of fibers (strata zonale, opticum, album intermediale, and album profundum). Retinotectal fibers generally pass through the stratum opticum, and enter the superfi ...
... The rostral colliculus in mammals has 7 layers - 3 cellular (strata griseum superficiale, intermediate, and profundus) alternating with 4 of fibers (strata zonale, opticum, album intermediale, and album profundum). Retinotectal fibers generally pass through the stratum opticum, and enter the superfi ...
• 1 1) The nonspecific ascending pathways ______. A) are
... B) lower motor neurons C) spinal nerve roots D) neuromotor junction Answer: A 25 25) Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________. A) gyri B) sulci C) fissures D) ganglia Answer: A 26 26) The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________. A) long ...
... B) lower motor neurons C) spinal nerve roots D) neuromotor junction Answer: A 25 25) Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called ________. A) gyri B) sulci C) fissures D) ganglia Answer: A 26 26) The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the ________. A) long ...
Functional Clustering Drives Encoding Improvement in a
... given feature. The optimal response pattern for each neuron thus depends on the response properties of other neurons in the network and the reliability of those responses. Encoding is also affected by neuronal interactions. For example, neuronal interactions may be organized to remove correlations f ...
... given feature. The optimal response pattern for each neuron thus depends on the response properties of other neurons in the network and the reliability of those responses. Encoding is also affected by neuronal interactions. For example, neuronal interactions may be organized to remove correlations f ...
Massively Parallel Recording of Unit and Local Field
... from large numbers of sites with minimal damage to the nervous tissue. MEMS devices can combine silicon integrated-circuit processing with thin-film microelectrode sensing (see APPENDIX) (Gingerich et al. 2001; Najafi and Wise 1986; Wise and Najafi 1991). In the present experiments, three different ...
... from large numbers of sites with minimal damage to the nervous tissue. MEMS devices can combine silicon integrated-circuit processing with thin-film microelectrode sensing (see APPENDIX) (Gingerich et al. 2001; Najafi and Wise 1986; Wise and Najafi 1991). In the present experiments, three different ...
Gentle Mechanical Skin Stimulation Inhibits Micturition Contractions
... Mechanisms underlying somatic modulation of bladder functions have been studied in anesthetized animals [3, 4]. When the bladder is full, rhythmic micturition contractions (RMCs) emerge because of burst discharges of the pelvic nerve innervating the bladder. Various kinds of noxious somatic stimuli, ...
... Mechanisms underlying somatic modulation of bladder functions have been studied in anesthetized animals [3, 4]. When the bladder is full, rhythmic micturition contractions (RMCs) emerge because of burst discharges of the pelvic nerve innervating the bladder. Various kinds of noxious somatic stimuli, ...
ABSTRACT The Auditory Brainstem Response: History and Future
... an influence on the auditory potential. The stimuli are presented through an earphonetransducer apparatus and the electrodes record the signals ipsilaterally. The sounds generally used in measuring the ABR are pure tones or click sounds (Boston & Møller, 1983). Both of these types of sound elicit a ...
... an influence on the auditory potential. The stimuli are presented through an earphonetransducer apparatus and the electrodes record the signals ipsilaterally. The sounds generally used in measuring the ABR are pure tones or click sounds (Boston & Møller, 1983). Both of these types of sound elicit a ...
The Nervous System in Lumbriculus variegatus
... wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same function (increased conduction velocity) as the myelin sheath in vertebrate nerve fibe ...
... wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same function (increased conduction velocity) as the myelin sheath in vertebrate nerve fibe ...
ANATOMY OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
... wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same function (increased conduction velocity) as the myelin sheath in vertebrate nerve fibe ...
... wrapped by glial cell membranes, except at points where small branches emerge ventrally from the fibers (see anterior left LGF in Fig. 2). This glial wrapping gives the same appearance and probably serves the same function (increased conduction velocity) as the myelin sheath in vertebrate nerve fibe ...
Neuronal-Derived Nitric Oxide and Somatodendritically Released
... Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Jessica A. Filosa, Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CA 2092, Augusta, GA 30912. E-mail: [email protected]. ...
... Correspondence should be addressed to Dr. Jessica A. Filosa, Department of Physiology, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CA 2092, Augusta, GA 30912. E-mail: [email protected]. ...
Branching Thalamic Afferents Link Action and Perception
... information to the thalamus are branches of axons whose other branch innervates motor or premotor centers (Fig. 1B). Some of these axons go to the thalamus along ascending (sensory) pathways; others come from the cortex itself. That is, the thalamus passes to cortex information that copies instructi ...
... information to the thalamus are branches of axons whose other branch innervates motor or premotor centers (Fig. 1B). Some of these axons go to the thalamus along ascending (sensory) pathways; others come from the cortex itself. That is, the thalamus passes to cortex information that copies instructi ...
Brain Storm - School of Rehabilitation Therapy
... arteries. The internal carotid arteries make a characteristic 900 turn transversely as they enter the skull. Upon entering the skull they traverse the cavernous sinus. The internal carotid then makes another characteristic turn known as the carotid siphon (s-shaped) before giving off two main termin ...
... arteries. The internal carotid arteries make a characteristic 900 turn transversely as they enter the skull. Upon entering the skull they traverse the cavernous sinus. The internal carotid then makes another characteristic turn known as the carotid siphon (s-shaped) before giving off two main termin ...