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pages 373–393 - CSLI Publications
pages 373–393 - CSLI Publications

... possible suggestions and those were rather vague. In order to get more concrete, I would like to discuss proposals that were made in the literature. These proposals deal with particle verbs, which are similar to resultative constructions in many respects. For instance some particles license argument ...
hortatory subjunctive
hortatory subjunctive

... Without utinam, can be hard to tell apart from the jussive or hortatory ...
Chapter 25
Chapter 25

... actually have SIX infinitives: present, future, and perfect; active and passive. Intransitive verbs usually lack the passive. ...
10 Basic Clause Patterns
10 Basic Clause Patterns

... agreement pattern we must change the past tense verb to the present tense. Then we can systematically change the NPs in the sentence and observe whether we must also change the verb. When we find the one (and there will be only one) NP that forces us to change the verb in order to create a grammatic ...
english grammar
english grammar

... The O. is a part of the complementation of a verb, a verbal or an adjective within verb, verbal (nonfinite) or adjective phrases. It refers to a person or thing, or a state of affairs which is affected or produced by, or is related to the action or state expressed by the predicate of a sentence. The ...
PowerPoint
PowerPoint

... assigned to the complement of P. For now (this whole semester), we’ll just leave it at that. P can assign oblique Case to its sister, although V cannot assign accusative Case to its sister. ...
Motivation for studying Italian
Motivation for studying Italian

... The question of how inflected word forms are mentally represented, processed and acquired has been the subject of a debate in which – broadly speaking - two competing classes of theories can be distinguished. On one side is the so-called dual-mechanism account according to which regular and irregula ...
03 - Events_v2.0.0
03 - Events_v2.0.0

... element has no single head, as in (24), then we will mark the entire predicate as the head. (22) If, in spite of everything, we will not be ready, we will ask the United States to delay. (23) James Pustejovsky was CTO of LingoMotors for several years. (24) All 75 people were on board at 9:00 a.m. ...
What is Verb Second
What is Verb Second

... syntactic computation. As such it displays its semantic effects which may be compatible with the predicate as in (6) through (8) or incompatible as in (9) through (11). Interestingly, the semantics of tun can be suspended, however. This is the case when the predicate has been moved to SpecCP such th ...
Passive forms
Passive forms

... A new video store will be opened The Embassy has been attacked Tax cuts have been postponedε The agent is specified only when the speaker/writer needs or wants to make the identity of the semantic actor explicit: The laptop has been taken away by your brother Long passives (those which specify the a ...
Busey-ETD-1stdraft ( PDF ) - UFDC Image Array 2
Busey-ETD-1stdraft ( PDF ) - UFDC Image Array 2

... students range from beginners with no experience, to those who are at more advanced levels and search for a reference documenting the basics, to those have had an introductory course and desire a refresher. The grammar is organized in a non-cumulative fashion so that it is not necessary to read from ...
Kurmanji grammar
Kurmanji grammar

... vocabulary in the back. Generally words are not glossed more than once in the notes because any word encountered a second time should be learned actively. Words are glossed after the first instance only if they are rare enough to warrant being ignored for acquisition. The Kurdish–English vocabulary ...
Chapter 2
Chapter 2

... “consecutive”, joins two clauses with the same subject, preceding and negating the second; the second member take  occurs with relatives, conditionals, and subsecutives with different subjects, immediately preceding the verb. The fourth marker, dz, is relatively minor. When it occurs with NEG2, it ...
English Main Verbs Move Never - ScholarlyCommons
English Main Verbs Move Never - ScholarlyCommons

... the one discussed above in connection with Branigan and Collin's analysis of post-verbal adverbs. This problem involves the trigger for main verb movement to Tns in English. While there is concrete tense morphology in English, comparable morphology also exists in the Mainland Scandinavian languages ...
essential dutch
essential dutch

... etc.). If you are one of these students, turn to the section that interests you. But read through the entire section, rather than just an isolated part. Individual remarks, taken out of context, are easily misunderstood. 5. Examples are given for every rule. I t is helpful to memorize these examples ...
A Dynamic Account of Clitic Climbing: A first sketch
A Dynamic Account of Clitic Climbing: A first sketch

... Having sketched the way clitics are treated in DS, it is time to move to the actual analysis of CC in DS. 10.3.2 The analysis Given the lexical entry for clitics in (10.13) if we assume a biclausal analysis of clitic climbing where the climbing inducing verb subcategorizes for a verbal complement, c ...
e-Version
e-Version

... There are three periods in time: present (now), past (yesterday), and future (tomorrow). Now is used with the present tense, yesterday with the past tense (the simple past), and tomorrow with the future tense (the simple future). These are basic tenses for any beginning language learner. These tense ...
Greek Grammar - The Christian Evangelistic Mission
Greek Grammar - The Christian Evangelistic Mission

... It is not that the purpose of the parents was to have child born blind, but that this was an unintended consequence, or result from their supposed sin. ...
A sentence accentuation algorithm for a Dutch
A sentence accentuation algorithm for a Dutch

... The sentence accentuation algorithm PROS, which we will describe here, is an attempt to arrive at a fairly acceptable sentence accentuation output at low cost, by means of avoiding the complications inherent in exhaustive syntactic and pragmatic text analysis. It contains probabilistic accentuation ...
Motion events can be segmented into several components
Motion events can be segmented into several components

... of this, manner is frequently encoded even when it is not important in the context. In V-languages, manner expression is entirely optional, as we saw in (2). Path-only constructions are less complex than path + manner constructions, as the former only need a path verb whereas the latter need an adde ...
Chapter 35: Uses of the Dative Case Chapter 35 covers the
Chapter 35: Uses of the Dative Case Chapter 35 covers the

... make thoroughly (per-) sweet (-suad-) to,” that is, “to sugarcoat” something so that someone will swallow it, one way to look at persuasion. The Romans’ natural suspicion of “slick” arguments, the sort of subtle thinking they associated with the Greeks, is not well hidden here, as if with this one w ...
Katharina Haude - Hal-SHS
Katharina Haude - Hal-SHS

... 2010). They have aspectual (Aktionsart) and sometimes modal connotations. In the following discussion, however, I will focus on their voicemarking property, i.e. the way in which they assign arguments to the verb. 3.1. Transitive voice markers: direct and inverse As was shown in 2.1 above, transitiv ...
Investigating the abstractness of children`s early knowledge of
Investigating the abstractness of children`s early knowledge of

... development ; on the other side, is Fisher (2002 a, b) and a syntactic bootstrapping proposal. For Tomasello, children do not start out with abstract syntactic categories ; rather, grammatical structure builds around individual lexical items and these item-specific constructions only gradually become ...
Behavioral and neuroimaging studies on language processing in
Behavioral and neuroimaging studies on language processing in

... “sequencing  engine”  that  can  reiterate  motor  patterns  generators  as  well  as  cognitive  pattern  generators.  Applied  to  syntax,  the  BG  can  thus  generate  an  infinite  number  of  possible sentences by combining a finite set of words using a finite set of rules (Lieberman,  2006, 2 ...
Verbos - Lingualicious
Verbos - Lingualicious

... reading exam. It will help you to learn 50 common verbs used in Spanish. It’s not just about 50 verbs though; it also includes other types of words that are related to the verbs. For example look at the 3 words below. We have a verb, adjective and noun all linked to each other. (seguir – to follow / ...
< 1 ... 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 ... 150 >

Germanic strong verb

In the Germanic languages, a strong verb is one which marks its past tense by means of changes to the stem vowel (ablaut). The majority of the remaining verbs form the past tense by means of a dental suffix (e.g. -ed in English), and are known as weak verbs. A third, much smaller, class comprises the preterite-present verbs, which are continued in the English auxiliary verbs, e.g. can/could, shall/should, may/might, must. The ""strong"" vs. ""weak"" terminology was coined by the German philologist Jacob Grimm, and the terms ""strong verb"" and ""weak verb"" are direct translations of the original German terms ""starkes Verb"" and ""schwaches Verb"".In modern English, strong verbs are verbs such as sing, sang, sung or drive, drove, driven, as opposed to weak verbs such as open, opened, opened or hit, hit, hit. Not all verbs with a change in the stem vowel are strong verbs, however; they may also be irregular weak verbs such as bring, brought, brought or keep, kept, kept. The key distinction is the presence or absence of the final dental (-d- or -t-), although there are strong verbs whose past tense ends in a dental as well (such as bit, got, hid and trod). Strong verbs often have the ending ""-(e)n"" in the past participle, but this also cannot be used as an absolute criterion.In Proto-Germanic, strong and weak verbs were clearly distinguished from each other in their conjugation, and the strong verbs were grouped into seven coherent classes. Originally, the strong verbs were largely regular, and in most cases all of the principal parts of a strong verb of a given class could be reliably predicted from the infinitive. This system was continued largely intact in Old English and the other older historical Germanic languages, e.g. Gothic, Old High German and Old Norse. The coherency of this system is still present in modern German and Dutch and some of the other conservative modern Germanic languages. For example, in German and Dutch, strong verbs are consistently marked with a past participle in -en, while weak verbs in German have a past participle in -t and in Dutch in -t or -d. In English, however, the original regular strong conjugations have largely disintegrated, with the result that in modern English grammar, a distinction between strong and weak verbs is less useful than a distinction between ""regular"" and ""irregular"" verbs.
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