Encoding of target direction and speed during visual instruction and
... from the speed regression for the partial and entire cue or track periods (Fig. 3A) shows that two methods yielded almost identical ®ndings. To allow for the response latency and the fact that timelocked `signal' transients occurred most frequently just after the reaction time, a comparison was made ...
... from the speed regression for the partial and entire cue or track periods (Fig. 3A) shows that two methods yielded almost identical ®ndings. To allow for the response latency and the fact that timelocked `signal' transients occurred most frequently just after the reaction time, a comparison was made ...
The auditory cortex
... shown. It is important to note that all the topographies shown (1-6) and the excitation by contralateral and ipsilateral ear (EE) and excitation by contralateral and inhibition by ipsilateral ear (EI) clusters are superimposed on every isofrequency stripe that can be considered. For better visibilit ...
... shown. It is important to note that all the topographies shown (1-6) and the excitation by contralateral and ipsilateral ear (EE) and excitation by contralateral and inhibition by ipsilateral ear (EI) clusters are superimposed on every isofrequency stripe that can be considered. For better visibilit ...
Role of the basal ganglia in conditional associative learning
... Role of basal ganglia in conditional associative learning : a multidisciplinary approach ___________________________________________________________________________ RESUME en anglais The arbitrary mapping of sensory information onto action forms an important element of the intelligent behavior of pr ...
... Role of basal ganglia in conditional associative learning : a multidisciplinary approach ___________________________________________________________________________ RESUME en anglais The arbitrary mapping of sensory information onto action forms an important element of the intelligent behavior of pr ...
Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Flexible Categorization
... both category schemes A and B. Monkey L’s overall performance (mean ⫾ SD) was 87 ⫾ 19% correct which was slightly, but significantly ( p ⬍ 0.01), worse than monkey O who performed at 89 ⫾ 17% correct. Both monkeys correctly categorized images at ⬎80% correct even when the images were close to the bo ...
... both category schemes A and B. Monkey L’s overall performance (mean ⫾ SD) was 87 ⫾ 19% correct which was slightly, but significantly ( p ⬍ 0.01), worse than monkey O who performed at 89 ⫾ 17% correct. Both monkeys correctly categorized images at ⬎80% correct even when the images were close to the bo ...
Voltage-Gated Na+ Channels in the CNS
... along the proximo-distal axis of AIS. This precise arrangement is likely to contribute to the diversity of firing properties observed among central neurons20. Using an antigen retrieval method, Anti-Nav1.6 was used to monitor the distribution of Nav1.6 which was found to be expressed in AISs of diff ...
... along the proximo-distal axis of AIS. This precise arrangement is likely to contribute to the diversity of firing properties observed among central neurons20. Using an antigen retrieval method, Anti-Nav1.6 was used to monitor the distribution of Nav1.6 which was found to be expressed in AISs of diff ...
Integration of Visual and Auditory Information by Superior Temporal
... auditory signals on the visual response. Effect of Sound on Visual Responses Auditory signals had a significant effect on the visual response in 22 (23%) of the 95 cells with visual responses. The visual response was significantly augmented in 8 of 95 cells and significantly attenuated in 8 of 95 ce ...
... auditory signals on the visual response. Effect of Sound on Visual Responses Auditory signals had a significant effect on the visual response in 22 (23%) of the 95 cells with visual responses. The visual response was significantly augmented in 8 of 95 cells and significantly attenuated in 8 of 95 ce ...
Activity dynamics and behavioral correlates of CA3 and CA1
... explained by treating the CA3-CA1 system as a single computational unit, with one subset (CA1) embedded in the interconnected subset (CA3), in which CA1 neurons simply observe and integrate the output of CA3 neurons. Indeed, the computational results of the CA3 system can be conveyed to the neocorte ...
... explained by treating the CA3-CA1 system as a single computational unit, with one subset (CA1) embedded in the interconnected subset (CA3), in which CA1 neurons simply observe and integrate the output of CA3 neurons. Indeed, the computational results of the CA3 system can be conveyed to the neocorte ...
Word - The Open University
... The scale of the problem facing the human zygote is vast. The zygote, the single cell resulting from the fusion of a sperm and an ovum, is about the size of a full stop on a nomal printed page, yet within 9 months it has become a 3 kg, 50 cm long baby. The single cell has made millions of other cell ...
... The scale of the problem facing the human zygote is vast. The zygote, the single cell resulting from the fusion of a sperm and an ovum, is about the size of a full stop on a nomal printed page, yet within 9 months it has become a 3 kg, 50 cm long baby. The single cell has made millions of other cell ...
Experience-Dependent Sharpening of Visual Shape Selectivity in
... novel objects and showed orientation-dependent responses to objects during image-plane rotation. Kobatake and Tanaka (1998) conducted ITC recordings from anesthetized monkeys and found sharpened tuning for trained compared with novel stimuli. Booth and Rolls (1998) found ITC responses to familiar ob ...
... novel objects and showed orientation-dependent responses to objects during image-plane rotation. Kobatake and Tanaka (1998) conducted ITC recordings from anesthetized monkeys and found sharpened tuning for trained compared with novel stimuli. Booth and Rolls (1998) found ITC responses to familiar ob ...
Effects on the central and peripheral nervous activity in rats elicited
... once absorbed into the bloodstream, can pass the blood– brain barrier in transferrin-bound form, and as free Mn2+ ion via a cation transporter (Aschner et al., 1999) and can deposit in the brain. In chronic human disease resulting from long-term occupational exposure to Mn, functional (Shinotoh et a ...
... once absorbed into the bloodstream, can pass the blood– brain barrier in transferrin-bound form, and as free Mn2+ ion via a cation transporter (Aschner et al., 1999) and can deposit in the brain. In chronic human disease resulting from long-term occupational exposure to Mn, functional (Shinotoh et a ...
Regulation of neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus by
... application of 100 µM resveratrol the frequency of sEPSCs significantly increased to 4.2 ± 0.8 Hz (range from 0.8 to 8.2 Hz, n = 8, p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–C). The average amplitude of sEPSCs was 13.2 ± 1.4 pA (range from 7.5 to 19.2 pA) before and 10.3 ± 0.6 pA (range from 8.0 to 13.7 pA) after appli ...
... application of 100 µM resveratrol the frequency of sEPSCs significantly increased to 4.2 ± 0.8 Hz (range from 0.8 to 8.2 Hz, n = 8, p < 0.05) (Figures 1A–C). The average amplitude of sEPSCs was 13.2 ± 1.4 pA (range from 7.5 to 19.2 pA) before and 10.3 ± 0.6 pA (range from 8.0 to 13.7 pA) after appli ...
Genetically identified spinal interneurons integrating tactile afferents
... Furthermore, we describe future opportunities that these circuits present for shedding light on the neural mechanisms of tactile processing. tactile information; spinal cord; sensorimotor integration; genetically identified spinal neurons ...
... Furthermore, we describe future opportunities that these circuits present for shedding light on the neural mechanisms of tactile processing. tactile information; spinal cord; sensorimotor integration; genetically identified spinal neurons ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... each electrode from each measurement contributing to the average. Significant GFP increases and thus the existence of a component that is above noise can be determined. The topographic consistency test can thus provide information about the quality of ERP recordings in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, ...
... each electrode from each measurement contributing to the average. Significant GFP increases and thus the existence of a component that is above noise can be determined. The topographic consistency test can thus provide information about the quality of ERP recordings in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, ...
Canty, J Neurosci 2009 - Carlos Ibanez Lab @ KI
... different interneuron subtypes. In previous work, we found that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor GFR␣1 promote the differentiation and migration of immature GABAergic interneurons derived from the MGE (Pozas and Ibáñez, 2005). Members of the GDNF ligand family si ...
... different interneuron subtypes. In previous work, we found that glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and its receptor GFR␣1 promote the differentiation and migration of immature GABAergic interneurons derived from the MGE (Pozas and Ibáñez, 2005). Members of the GDNF ligand family si ...
What Keeps Us Awake: the Neuropharmacology of Stimulants and
... Benjamin Boutrel, PhD; George F. Koob, PhD Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute ...
... Benjamin Boutrel, PhD; George F. Koob, PhD Department of Neuropharmacology, The Scripps Research Institute ...
The Suppressive Field of Neurons in Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
... firing rate varied over 18 ⫾ 11 spikes/s, with variations ⬎25 spikes/s in 9 of 34 neurons. Similarly, the overall responsiveness varied substantially over time. The harmonic response to a 50% contrast stimulus varied on average by 25 ⫾ 16 spikes/s, with variations of ⬎40 spikes/s in 4 of 34 neurons. ...
... firing rate varied over 18 ⫾ 11 spikes/s, with variations ⬎25 spikes/s in 9 of 34 neurons. Similarly, the overall responsiveness varied substantially over time. The harmonic response to a 50% contrast stimulus varied on average by 25 ⫾ 16 spikes/s, with variations of ⬎40 spikes/s in 4 of 34 neurons. ...
Brainstem (II)
... Dopamine projecting fibers are grouped into three bundles - nigrostriatal (mesostriatal) afferents: SNc to caudate nucleus and putamen) - mesolimbic afferents: VTA to limbic structures ex. amygdala and hippocampus - mesocortical afferents: VTA to cerebral cortex (frontal) ...
... Dopamine projecting fibers are grouped into three bundles - nigrostriatal (mesostriatal) afferents: SNc to caudate nucleus and putamen) - mesolimbic afferents: VTA to limbic structures ex. amygdala and hippocampus - mesocortical afferents: VTA to cerebral cortex (frontal) ...
The Autonomic Nervous System and Visceral Reflexes
... arousal, competition, stress, danger, anger, or fear. Ordinarily, however, the sympathetic division has more subtle effects that we notice barely, if at all. The parasympathetic division, by comparison, has a calming effect on many body functions. It is associated with reduced energy expenditure and ...
... arousal, competition, stress, danger, anger, or fear. Ordinarily, however, the sympathetic division has more subtle effects that we notice barely, if at all. The parasympathetic division, by comparison, has a calming effect on many body functions. It is associated with reduced energy expenditure and ...
Significance of the cranial neural crest
... al., 2003). In the head, the neural crest is the prime source of skeletal tissue, and here these cells are thought to pattern the arches. Second, if the neural crest cells do pattern the arches, then this also provides an explanation of how the different tissues of the developing head can be coordin ...
... al., 2003). In the head, the neural crest is the prime source of skeletal tissue, and here these cells are thought to pattern the arches. Second, if the neural crest cells do pattern the arches, then this also provides an explanation of how the different tissues of the developing head can be coordin ...
The Structure of Pairwise Correlation in Mouse Primary Visual
... where n is the number of trials, Xi and Yi the rates for each cell on a given trial, X and Y the sample means for each cell, and σX and σY the sample variance for each cell. Synchrony was calculated as a peak in a cross-correlogram (CCG) occurring within 10 ms of the zero line. To produce CCGs, we f ...
... where n is the number of trials, Xi and Yi the rates for each cell on a given trial, X and Y the sample means for each cell, and σX and σY the sample variance for each cell. Synchrony was calculated as a peak in a cross-correlogram (CCG) occurring within 10 ms of the zero line. To produce CCGs, we f ...
BMP4 expression in the adult rat brain
... Since the amino acid sequences of BMP4 and BMP2 are very similar, we first investigated whether the antibody (NCL-BMP4) can discriminate between them using ELISA method. As shown in Fig. 1A and B, the antibody could specifically recognize only BMP4 protein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we ...
... Since the amino acid sequences of BMP4 and BMP2 are very similar, we first investigated whether the antibody (NCL-BMP4) can discriminate between them using ELISA method. As shown in Fig. 1A and B, the antibody could specifically recognize only BMP4 protein in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we ...
Experimental spinal cord transplantation as a mechanism of
... injury (personal communication, B Bregman). Fetal grafts have wound healing properties in the injured spinal cord and have been shown to prevent glial scar formation as well as to decrease existing glial scarring.17 This phenomenon should aid in the regrowth of axons from the host into the graft and ...
... injury (personal communication, B Bregman). Fetal grafts have wound healing properties in the injured spinal cord and have been shown to prevent glial scar formation as well as to decrease existing glial scarring.17 This phenomenon should aid in the regrowth of axons from the host into the graft and ...
The Effects of Short-term and Long-term Learning on the Responses
... 2000; Passingham, Toni, & Rushworth, 2000; Wise & Murray, 2000). Functional neuroimaging studies have reported that neural activity in the parietal cortex can be affected by associative learning that happens over the course of a single session (Eliassen, Souza, & Sanes, 2003; Deiber et al., 1997) an ...
... 2000; Passingham, Toni, & Rushworth, 2000; Wise & Murray, 2000). Functional neuroimaging studies have reported that neural activity in the parietal cortex can be affected by associative learning that happens over the course of a single session (Eliassen, Souza, & Sanes, 2003; Deiber et al., 1997) an ...