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Plants and Pollinators
Plants and Pollinators

... Pattern of Stimulation • Light rays pass through lens and converge on retina at back of eye • The image that forms on the retina is upside down and reversed right to left ...
Page 1
Page 1

... Make a prediction about the answer to each question. Put a star next to the answer that you think is correct for each question. Watch the video about the nervous system. Record the answer for each question on the line before the number as you watch the video. The Nervous System _________1. What are ...
Neurons and the General Layout of the Nervous System - U
Neurons and the General Layout of the Nervous System - U

... • the metencephalon has two parts: the cerebellum and pons • the cerebellum has both sensorimotor and cognitive functions; the pons is visible as a swelling on the inferior surface; it also contains the reticular formation • neural tracts ascend and descend through ...
Nervous 1 Green
Nervous 1 Green

... -The nervous system is an organ system that acts as the information highway for the body and consists of many nerve cells (1). -Nervous systems are made up of two cell types: neurons, and glial cells(2). -Neurons work to monitor the conditions in and around the body(1). They give commands for respon ...
Plant Responses Notes (Campbell, ch39)
Plant Responses Notes (Campbell, ch39)

... daylight is decreasing (daylight < a critical length) Really should be called LONG NIGHT PLANTS if dark interrupted by flash of light . . . no flowers. LONG-DAY: flower in late spring/early summer when daylight is increasing; (daylight > a critical length SHORT NIGHT PLANTS-if dark interrupted by fl ...
Functions of the Nervous System
Functions of the Nervous System

... (nose, tongue, eyes, ears) ...
The Nervous System
The Nervous System

... (nose, tongue, eyes, ears) ...
vision and optics 1
vision and optics 1

... Retina: thin layer of neural tissue lining the back of the eyeball. Contains the light sensitive receptor cells (photoreceptors), and neurons. Sensitive enough to respond to a single photon of light Fovea centralis: area of the retina that provides the greatest visual clarity because photoreceptors ...
A neuron receives input from other neurons
A neuron receives input from other neurons

... is effected by neurotransmittors, chemicals which are released from the first neuron and which bind to receptors in the second. This link is called a synapse. The extent to which the signal from one neuron is passed on to the next depends on many factors, e.g. the amount of neurotransmittor availabl ...
Nervous System - Academic Computer Center
Nervous System - Academic Computer Center

... The neuron cell membrane is polarized, being more negatively charged inside than outside. The degree of this difference in electrical charge is the resting membrane potential. ...
Receptor Cells
Receptor Cells

...  no rods and cones at this point, so there is a small blind spot in vision (pg. 166) ...
conductance versus current-based integrate-and - Neuro
conductance versus current-based integrate-and - Neuro

... linearly with increasing drive. However, if this balance does not exist, for example by only increasing the presynaptic excitatory rate, the corresponding increase in conductance leads to a sub-linear depolarization with the drive. (ii) Increase of the voltage variance: It was recently suggested th ...
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine (Ach) transmitter plays a role in
Neurotransmitters: Acetylcholine (Ach) transmitter plays a role in

...  Excitatory – excite the next cell into firing.  Inhibitory – inhibit the next cell from firing. If excitatory signals exceed inhibitory signals the combined signals trigger an action potential. Threshold – the level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse. *Increasing the level of sti ...
Neuronal Development
Neuronal Development

... If the neuropores do not close correctly, there will be neurological problems ...
Psy393: Cognitive Neuroscience
Psy393: Cognitive Neuroscience

... The first stage of transformation Retinal sensitivity to “visible light”  400-700 nanometers (nm is 1/100 millionth of a meter) ...
document
document

... cell result in a temporary hyperpolarized membrane potential. Ion channels reset and the Na+/K+ pump returns the ions to the normal gradients. ...
Neuron Structure and Function
Neuron Structure and Function

... Action Potential ...
BCH 450 Nervous Tissues
BCH 450 Nervous Tissues

... Parasympathetic (slows down heart rate) ...
The building blocks of matter (elements and molecules) form the
The building blocks of matter (elements and molecules) form the

... the organelles that make up living cells. In order of increasing complexity, the list below shows the different structural elements that together make up an organism – an independently living thing: atoms – molecules - organelles - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems - organism The cell is the ...
Chapter 48: Nervous Systems Overview: Command and Control
Chapter 48: Nervous Systems Overview: Command and Control

... • The speed of an action potential increases with the diameter of an axon • In vertebrates, axons are myelinated, which also causing the speed of an action potential to increase – Gaps between the myelination are known as ______________________________ Neurons communicate with other cells at synapse ...
Muscle/Nervous tissue - Nutley Public Schools
Muscle/Nervous tissue - Nutley Public Schools

... • Main component of nervous system – Brain, spinal cord, nerves – Regulates and controls body functions ...
PowerPoint Slides
PowerPoint Slides

... and behaviours in artificial systems. •The nervous system is build by relatively simple units, the neurons, so copying their behavior and functionality should be the solution. ...
ARIEL LEVINE Postdoctoral Associate, The Salk Institute for
ARIEL LEVINE Postdoctoral Associate, The Salk Institute for

... orchestrate motor programs, as well as their cellular properties and connectivity are poorly understood. We have identified a population of premotor spinal neurons that may provide the cellular basis for encoding coordinated motor output programs. These molecularly-defined “motor synergy encoder” ( ...
Activation of CA3 neurons by optogenetic stimulation of mossy fiber
Activation of CA3 neurons by optogenetic stimulation of mossy fiber

... Despite extensive studies in in vitro preparations, it is unclear whether and how discharges of dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells shape spatial firing of CA3 neurons in behaving animals. To investigate effects of DG granule cell inputs on CA3 neural activity in vivo, we injected Credependent virus ca ...
Option A.3 Pt 1 - Peoria Public Schools
Option A.3 Pt 1 - Peoria Public Schools

... Rods and cones are photoreceptors located in the retina. • Describe the retina. a. A thin layer of light sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. • Describe what rods and cones do for the eye. a. Rods and cones work together to detect the image focused on the retina. ...
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Channelrhodopsin



Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.
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