CASE 45
... bitter, and umami, although human perception of taste usually involves contributions from olfaction and even texture and temperature. Unlike the olfactory and visual systems, which each utilize a single basic transduction mechanism, transduction in taste receptor cells involves diverse mechanisms. I ...
... bitter, and umami, although human perception of taste usually involves contributions from olfaction and even texture and temperature. Unlike the olfactory and visual systems, which each utilize a single basic transduction mechanism, transduction in taste receptor cells involves diverse mechanisms. I ...
From Cell Death to Neuronal Regeneration: Building a New Brain
... Apoptosis is the morphological manifestation of cells that die by programmed cell death during CNS development. The defining characteristics of apoptosis include condensation and margination of the chromatin, activation of an endonuclease that degrades nuclear DNA, and the formation of cellular frag ...
... Apoptosis is the morphological manifestation of cells that die by programmed cell death during CNS development. The defining characteristics of apoptosis include condensation and margination of the chromatin, activation of an endonuclease that degrades nuclear DNA, and the formation of cellular frag ...
AP Stuff to go over with 4th and 5th periods
... • 2. In response to a stimulus, Na+ and K+ gated channels sequentially open and cause the membrane to become locally depolarized. • 3. Na+/K+ pumps, powered by ATP, work to maintain membrane potential. ...
... • 2. In response to a stimulus, Na+ and K+ gated channels sequentially open and cause the membrane to become locally depolarized. • 3. Na+/K+ pumps, powered by ATP, work to maintain membrane potential. ...
MPG-official form - Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology
... evaluate the information that is sent via these senses to their brains. They must be able to tell good from bad odors. Good odors are important signals when animals search for food or a mating partner. Female insects also use olfactory signals to select a good oviposition place. Bad smells, on the ...
... evaluate the information that is sent via these senses to their brains. They must be able to tell good from bad odors. Good odors are important signals when animals search for food or a mating partner. Female insects also use olfactory signals to select a good oviposition place. Bad smells, on the ...
Unsupervised models and clustering.
... In the central nervous system, the ganglion cells, which constitute the output stage of the retina, are organized according to receptive fields, sensitive to particular stimuli In the auditory system cortex, neurons and fibers are anatomically arranged in an orderly manner with respect to the acoust ...
... In the central nervous system, the ganglion cells, which constitute the output stage of the retina, are organized according to receptive fields, sensitive to particular stimuli In the auditory system cortex, neurons and fibers are anatomically arranged in an orderly manner with respect to the acoust ...
NeuN, a neuronal specific nuclear protein in vertebrates
... matter of the spinal cord (Fig. 1C) and brain (Fig. 1B), and Bergmann glia in the cerebellum (Fig. 2A, B).Fig. 3 shows a region of the hippocampus double-labelled with mAb A60 and a rabbit anti-GFAP antibody (see Fig. 3 legend), both visualized with HRP/DAB. The nuclei of the hippocampal neurons sho ...
... matter of the spinal cord (Fig. 1C) and brain (Fig. 1B), and Bergmann glia in the cerebellum (Fig. 2A, B).Fig. 3 shows a region of the hippocampus double-labelled with mAb A60 and a rabbit anti-GFAP antibody (see Fig. 3 legend), both visualized with HRP/DAB. The nuclei of the hippocampal neurons sho ...
Strength in more than numbers
... The authors demonstrated this by expressing fluorescent proteins in one or the other of three distinct groups of mossy fibers, those conveying primary vestibular, secondary vestibular or visual (eye movement–related) input. Selective electrical stimulation of these different pathways evoked synaptic ...
... The authors demonstrated this by expressing fluorescent proteins in one or the other of three distinct groups of mossy fibers, those conveying primary vestibular, secondary vestibular or visual (eye movement–related) input. Selective electrical stimulation of these different pathways evoked synaptic ...
Memory fields of neurons in the primate prefrontal cortex
... laboratory animals. Task and Stimuli. Monkeys performed a delayed-match-toobject-and-place (DMOP) task (Fig. 1a). Each trial began with the monkeys fixating a spot for 1,000 ms. They were required to maintain fixation for the duration of the trial. A sample object (2° in size) was presented for 1,00 ...
... laboratory animals. Task and Stimuli. Monkeys performed a delayed-match-toobject-and-place (DMOP) task (Fig. 1a). Each trial began with the monkeys fixating a spot for 1,000 ms. They were required to maintain fixation for the duration of the trial. A sample object (2° in size) was presented for 1,00 ...
unit 3 study sheet - El Camino College
... 3. What are glial cells and glial cell function? 4. How does neural growth and neural regeneration happen in the CNS and PNS? 5. What makes a cell an excitable cell? What cells in the body are considered excitable? 6. Explain what type of information is obtained from the following formulas and when ...
... 3. What are glial cells and glial cell function? 4. How does neural growth and neural regeneration happen in the CNS and PNS? 5. What makes a cell an excitable cell? What cells in the body are considered excitable? 6. Explain what type of information is obtained from the following formulas and when ...
Growth arrest specific gene 7 is associated with schizophrenia and
... similar morphogenesis to those overexpressing fulllength Gas7, while overexpression of Gas7△FCH or Gas7△CC had no effect on the ability of neurons to initiate excessive neurites (Figs. 1d, g and 2a, b), suggesting that the F-BAR domain is necessary for normal function of Gas7 and the ability of the ...
... similar morphogenesis to those overexpressing fulllength Gas7, while overexpression of Gas7△FCH or Gas7△CC had no effect on the ability of neurons to initiate excessive neurites (Figs. 1d, g and 2a, b), suggesting that the F-BAR domain is necessary for normal function of Gas7 and the ability of the ...
A part of the cholinergic fibers in mouse superior cervical ganglia
... GAD65-immunopositive baskets per one section (12 grmu m thick) were 48.6+/-9.8 (n=5). All GAD65-immunopositive boutons exhibited VAchT immunoreactivity (Fig. 1). GAD65-immunopositive boutons and nNOS-immunopositive fibers often encircled the same postganglionic neurons and were very close to each ot ...
... GAD65-immunopositive baskets per one section (12 grmu m thick) were 48.6+/-9.8 (n=5). All GAD65-immunopositive boutons exhibited VAchT immunoreactivity (Fig. 1). GAD65-immunopositive boutons and nNOS-immunopositive fibers often encircled the same postganglionic neurons and were very close to each ot ...
Teacher Guide
... Challenge the groups to figure out how to speed up sending the message from the first to the last person while still using the same number of people and modeling the sequence of events (as they did in Engage — Neuronal Communication Step #3). 1. Give the group a few minutes to get organized. 2. Let ...
... Challenge the groups to figure out how to speed up sending the message from the first to the last person while still using the same number of people and modeling the sequence of events (as they did in Engage — Neuronal Communication Step #3). 1. Give the group a few minutes to get organized. 2. Let ...
Ch 15 Chemical Senses
... – 2DG, which contains glucose, is ingested into an animal – Animal is exposed to different chemicals – Neural activation is measured by amount of radioactivity present • This technique shows the pattern of neural activation is Figure 15.10 These molecules have the same related to both chemical chemi ...
... – 2DG, which contains glucose, is ingested into an animal – Animal is exposed to different chemicals – Neural activation is measured by amount of radioactivity present • This technique shows the pattern of neural activation is Figure 15.10 These molecules have the same related to both chemical chemi ...
Saladin 5e Extended Outline
... a. Exteroceptors sense stimuli external to the body. b. Interoceptors detect stimuli in the internal organs. c. Proprioceptors sense the position and movements of the body or its parts. 3. Classifying by the distribution of receptors in the body: a. General (somesthetic)senses employ receptors widel ...
... a. Exteroceptors sense stimuli external to the body. b. Interoceptors detect stimuli in the internal organs. c. Proprioceptors sense the position and movements of the body or its parts. 3. Classifying by the distribution of receptors in the body: a. General (somesthetic)senses employ receptors widel ...
The Autonomic Nervous System
... • A single synaptic event is not sufficient to initiate an action potential in the postganglionic neurons, but the summation of multiple events is required to initiate it • Divergence: relatively few preganglionic neurons synapse with many postganglionic neurons located within one or several nearb ...
... • A single synaptic event is not sufficient to initiate an action potential in the postganglionic neurons, but the summation of multiple events is required to initiate it • Divergence: relatively few preganglionic neurons synapse with many postganglionic neurons located within one or several nearb ...
Sound waves enter through the: Aurical (pinna) To the External
... Vibrates the Endolymph of Cochlear Duct Which Vibrates the Basilar Membrane Moving the hair cells of the Organ of Corti (spiral organ) against the Tectorial Membrane The Stimulated hair cells synapse with sensory neurons in the Spiral Ganglion Sending an action potential along these Travels in the v ...
... Vibrates the Endolymph of Cochlear Duct Which Vibrates the Basilar Membrane Moving the hair cells of the Organ of Corti (spiral organ) against the Tectorial Membrane The Stimulated hair cells synapse with sensory neurons in the Spiral Ganglion Sending an action potential along these Travels in the v ...
Attention, Please: Earl Miller Wants to Make Us All Smarter
... These neurons, he believed, somehow turned up or down the “volume” of the neurons he’d recorded in other areas of the brain. Not only was Miller right, but the rule change consistently caused twice as many neurons in the prefrontal cortex to fire than in the more simplistic experiments where the tas ...
... These neurons, he believed, somehow turned up or down the “volume” of the neurons he’d recorded in other areas of the brain. Not only was Miller right, but the rule change consistently caused twice as many neurons in the prefrontal cortex to fire than in the more simplistic experiments where the tas ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.