Principle of Superposition-free Memory - Deep Blue
... the layer of party line telephone wires into which they hook. This is, in fact, the most economical structure for a system operating on the party line principle, although it certainly might be expected to subserve other functions as well. In the cerebellum a similar, but non-party line and much more ...
... the layer of party line telephone wires into which they hook. This is, in fact, the most economical structure for a system operating on the party line principle, although it certainly might be expected to subserve other functions as well. In the cerebellum a similar, but non-party line and much more ...
2009_Computers_Brains_Extra_Mural
... involved in this computation. An essential first step is feature extraction from the image, which clearly involves a lot of network pre-processing before features are fed into the individual cortical neuron. The flowchart implements a three-layer model of dendritic processing […] to integrate the in ...
... involved in this computation. An essential first step is feature extraction from the image, which clearly involves a lot of network pre-processing before features are fed into the individual cortical neuron. The flowchart implements a three-layer model of dendritic processing […] to integrate the in ...
9.14 Lecture 16: Descending Pathways and Evolution Notes
... – Loss of speed and strength – Loss of control of digits used one at a time ...
... – Loss of speed and strength – Loss of control of digits used one at a time ...
Zebrafish and motor control over the last decade
... activity of individual neurons in intact zebrafish (O'Donovan et al., 1993). This allowed the first imaging of neuronal activity with single cell resolution in an intact vertebrate (Fetcho and O'Malley, 1995). The first work was largely technical, both documenting the ability to reliably image group ...
... activity of individual neurons in intact zebrafish (O'Donovan et al., 1993). This allowed the first imaging of neuronal activity with single cell resolution in an intact vertebrate (Fetcho and O'Malley, 1995). The first work was largely technical, both documenting the ability to reliably image group ...
Chapter 10 Somatic and Special Senses
... ________________ cavity, which is filled with a fluid called _____________________ humor. Lens: What is the ability of the lens to change its shape called? Why is this important? Adjusting for light and dark conditions: The ______________________ is a thin, smooth muscle that adjusts the amount of l ...
... ________________ cavity, which is filled with a fluid called _____________________ humor. Lens: What is the ability of the lens to change its shape called? Why is this important? Adjusting for light and dark conditions: The ______________________ is a thin, smooth muscle that adjusts the amount of l ...
Optogenetic Brain Interfaces
... of mental disease circuitries (e.g., Parkinsonian neural circuits [15]) or interrogation of the role of circuit elements in the overall dynamics of the network (e.g., functionality of fast-spiking Parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons in cortical microcircuits of prefrontal cortex [16]). 3) Generating ...
... of mental disease circuitries (e.g., Parkinsonian neural circuits [15]) or interrogation of the role of circuit elements in the overall dynamics of the network (e.g., functionality of fast-spiking Parvalbumin inhibitory interneurons in cortical microcircuits of prefrontal cortex [16]). 3) Generating ...
Electrophysiological recordings from behaving animals—going
... extracellular signals. To that end, dual intracellular and extracellular recordings were performed [27]. Using the line source approximation method developed by Holt and Koch [28] the extracellular waveforms at different locations were calculated (Figure 1a) and compared to the recorded extracellu ...
... extracellular signals. To that end, dual intracellular and extracellular recordings were performed [27]. Using the line source approximation method developed by Holt and Koch [28] the extracellular waveforms at different locations were calculated (Figure 1a) and compared to the recorded extracellu ...
Neurophysiology: Sensing and categorizing
... and motor planning? Must sensory signals be cast into an abstract internal model of the world before a motor response is planned, or might a more-or-less direct link exist between sensory and motor representations within the brain, at least for simple sensorimotor associations? Answers to questions ...
... and motor planning? Must sensory signals be cast into an abstract internal model of the world before a motor response is planned, or might a more-or-less direct link exist between sensory and motor representations within the brain, at least for simple sensorimotor associations? Answers to questions ...
PSYC 100 Chap. 2 - Traditional method: Observing electrical activity
... - Links in the networks are fluid- here new synapses will replace old synapses - Ironically, elimination of old synapses play a larger role in scalpting the neural networks compared to the creation of new synapses - Reason: nervous system always create new synapses more than needed, thus gradually r ...
... - Links in the networks are fluid- here new synapses will replace old synapses - Ironically, elimination of old synapses play a larger role in scalpting the neural networks compared to the creation of new synapses - Reason: nervous system always create new synapses more than needed, thus gradually r ...
Structure and Function of Neurons - Assets
... that radiates in all directions and, of course, is densely covered with spines, which receive input from cortex, thalamus, and substantia nigra. Spiny neurons have long axons that either leave the striatum or circle back as recurrent collaterals to innervate neighboring spiny neurons. Finally, Purki ...
... that radiates in all directions and, of course, is densely covered with spines, which receive input from cortex, thalamus, and substantia nigra. Spiny neurons have long axons that either leave the striatum or circle back as recurrent collaterals to innervate neighboring spiny neurons. Finally, Purki ...
Distribution of phosphorylated cyclic AMP response element binding
... The intensive staining of p-CREB-1 in the GCL suggested positive phosphorylation of CREB-1 in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The retinal neurons were labeled with microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) or THY1.1, the specific cellular makers for neurons and retinal ganglion cells, respectively. As ...
... The intensive staining of p-CREB-1 in the GCL suggested positive phosphorylation of CREB-1 in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The retinal neurons were labeled with microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) or THY1.1, the specific cellular makers for neurons and retinal ganglion cells, respectively. As ...
Neurotransmitters
... Neurotransmitters • Language of nervous system • 50 or more neurotransmitters have been identified • Most neurons make two or more neurotransmitters – Neurons can exert several influences ...
... Neurotransmitters • Language of nervous system • 50 or more neurotransmitters have been identified • Most neurons make two or more neurotransmitters – Neurons can exert several influences ...
Topic 6.5 Neuron and Synapses
... Stage 2 in the Passage of a Nerve Impulse : Depolarization • Sodium channels open and sodium diffuse down the concentration gradient • This reduces membrane potential and causes more sodium channels to open. • Entry of positively charged sodium ions into the neuron develops a net positive charge. • ...
... Stage 2 in the Passage of a Nerve Impulse : Depolarization • Sodium channels open and sodium diffuse down the concentration gradient • This reduces membrane potential and causes more sodium channels to open. • Entry of positively charged sodium ions into the neuron develops a net positive charge. • ...
Linköping University Post Print Imaging phluorin-based probes at hippocampal synapses
... As illustrated in Fig. 1, the pHluorin is quenched by the low pH inside the vesicle (pH ~ 5.5). Upon stimulation, vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, protons are lost and the fluorescence of pHluorin increases as the pH moves to 7.4. This is seen as an upward deflection in the sypHy trace record ...
... As illustrated in Fig. 1, the pHluorin is quenched by the low pH inside the vesicle (pH ~ 5.5). Upon stimulation, vesicles fuse with the plasma membrane, protons are lost and the fluorescence of pHluorin increases as the pH moves to 7.4. This is seen as an upward deflection in the sypHy trace record ...
Molecular and Cellular aspects of a Sacred Disease `Epilepsy`
... ion channels. Gating is a process by which ion channels open and close, allowing many type of regulation as ligand gated and voltage gated channels. Ions cannot move through the neuronal cytoplasmic membrane because of its impermeable nature but can be actively transported across the membrane by io ...
... ion channels. Gating is a process by which ion channels open and close, allowing many type of regulation as ligand gated and voltage gated channels. Ions cannot move through the neuronal cytoplasmic membrane because of its impermeable nature but can be actively transported across the membrane by io ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier
... respiratory long-term facilitation. Peak electrical activity in the phrenic nerve corresponds to the magnitude of inspiration. When arterial O2 and CO2 are normal (prehypoxia), the phrenic bursts are rhythmic and consistent (shown with expanded time scale). Upon exposure to intermittent (upper trace ...
... respiratory long-term facilitation. Peak electrical activity in the phrenic nerve corresponds to the magnitude of inspiration. When arterial O2 and CO2 are normal (prehypoxia), the phrenic bursts are rhythmic and consistent (shown with expanded time scale). Upon exposure to intermittent (upper trace ...
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
... General organization Sympathetic Division • Thoracolumbar division- Preganglionic neurons originate from the thoracic and lumbar levels of the spinal cord (T1-L2). • Sympathetic ganglia: Sympathetic trunk (vertebral chain) ganglia. Prevertebral (collateral) ganglia: celiac, superior mesenteric, ...
... General organization Sympathetic Division • Thoracolumbar division- Preganglionic neurons originate from the thoracic and lumbar levels of the spinal cord (T1-L2). • Sympathetic ganglia: Sympathetic trunk (vertebral chain) ganglia. Prevertebral (collateral) ganglia: celiac, superior mesenteric, ...
Lecture Slides - Austin Community College
... graded depolarization strong enough to migrate to the axon hillock and induce the firing of an AP – However, a graded depolarization will bring the membrane potential closer to threshold. Thus, it’s often referred to as an excitatory postsynaptic potential or EPSP. – Graded hyperpolarizations bring ...
... graded depolarization strong enough to migrate to the axon hillock and induce the firing of an AP – However, a graded depolarization will bring the membrane potential closer to threshold. Thus, it’s often referred to as an excitatory postsynaptic potential or EPSP. – Graded hyperpolarizations bring ...
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
... General organization Sympathetic Division • Thoracolumbar division- Preganglionic neurons originate from the thoracic and lumbar levels of the spinal cord (T1-L2). • Sympathetic ganglia: Sympathetic trunk (vertebral chain) ganglia. Prevertebral (collateral) ganglia: celiac, ...
... General organization Sympathetic Division • Thoracolumbar division- Preganglionic neurons originate from the thoracic and lumbar levels of the spinal cord (T1-L2). • Sympathetic ganglia: Sympathetic trunk (vertebral chain) ganglia. Prevertebral (collateral) ganglia: celiac, ...
File
... Somatic Senses Receptors associated with the skin, muscles, joints, and viscera make up the somatic senses. pressure & touch: Three types of receptors detect touch and pressure. ______________ ends of sensory nerve fibers in the epithelial tissues are associated with touch and pressure. ____________ ...
... Somatic Senses Receptors associated with the skin, muscles, joints, and viscera make up the somatic senses. pressure & touch: Three types of receptors detect touch and pressure. ______________ ends of sensory nerve fibers in the epithelial tissues are associated with touch and pressure. ____________ ...
Curriculum Vitae
... My laboratory was set up in March 2005. The long-term goal of the laboratory is to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the proper migration and distribution of different types of neurons in developing brain, one of the key steps for brain morphogenesis. Currently, we focus on the guidance ...
... My laboratory was set up in March 2005. The long-term goal of the laboratory is to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the proper migration and distribution of different types of neurons in developing brain, one of the key steps for brain morphogenesis. Currently, we focus on the guidance ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.