Attractor concretion as a mechanism for the formation of context
... number of trials, the CS-reinforcement contingencies were reversed and monkeys had to learn the new contingencies. In the experiments, the CS–US associations were reversed only once. However, in principle, the two contexts defined by the sets of CS–US associations could be alternated multiple times. ...
... number of trials, the CS-reinforcement contingencies were reversed and monkeys had to learn the new contingencies. In the experiments, the CS–US associations were reversed only once. However, in principle, the two contexts defined by the sets of CS–US associations could be alternated multiple times. ...
Zinc fingers hit off target
... unintended genomic modification.” Two recent manuscripts analyzed the off-target effects of ZFNs and show that even these precise tools can cause unintended genomic modification1,2. The papers overlap in their analysis of a ZFN targeting the chemokine receptor gene CCR5 that has already entered clin ...
... unintended genomic modification.” Two recent manuscripts analyzed the off-target effects of ZFNs and show that even these precise tools can cause unintended genomic modification1,2. The papers overlap in their analysis of a ZFN targeting the chemokine receptor gene CCR5 that has already entered clin ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... Recent evidence suggests that the carotid chemoreceptors contribute about one-third of the overall response to CO2 challenge and play an even more significant role in controlling arterial PCO2 during eupneic breathing (Forster et al. 2008). In adult mammals, the specialized neurosecretory glomus cel ...
... Recent evidence suggests that the carotid chemoreceptors contribute about one-third of the overall response to CO2 challenge and play an even more significant role in controlling arterial PCO2 during eupneic breathing (Forster et al. 2008). In adult mammals, the specialized neurosecretory glomus cel ...
Activity 1 - Web Adventures
... electrical signal passed from the dendrites to the cell body of the neuron (move the lightning bolt along Neuron 1). From there the signal traveled at up to 250 miles per hour, down the axon carrying signals away from the cell body and on to other places. Suddenly, the signal reached a synapse (have ...
... electrical signal passed from the dendrites to the cell body of the neuron (move the lightning bolt along Neuron 1). From there the signal traveled at up to 250 miles per hour, down the axon carrying signals away from the cell body and on to other places. Suddenly, the signal reached a synapse (have ...
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM NEURONAL MIGRATION
... period, a wave of secondary neurogenesis produces huge numbers of interneurons destined for the cerebellar cortex, the hippocampal formation, and the olfactory bulb. Molecular analysis of the genes that mark stages of secondary neurogenesis show similar expression patterns of a number of genes. Thus ...
... period, a wave of secondary neurogenesis produces huge numbers of interneurons destined for the cerebellar cortex, the hippocampal formation, and the olfactory bulb. Molecular analysis of the genes that mark stages of secondary neurogenesis show similar expression patterns of a number of genes. Thus ...
Chapter Two Line Title Here and Chapter Title Here and Here
... 2. In the somatic nervous system, the cell bodies of the neurons are in the spinal cord and their axons extend to the skeletal muscles they innervate. 3. The ANS consists of a two-neuron chain in which the cell body of the first neuron, the preganglionic neuron, resides in the spinal cord, and syna ...
... 2. In the somatic nervous system, the cell bodies of the neurons are in the spinal cord and their axons extend to the skeletal muscles they innervate. 3. The ANS consists of a two-neuron chain in which the cell body of the first neuron, the preganglionic neuron, resides in the spinal cord, and syna ...
BOLD signal - Department of Psychology
... contributions from two or more distinct tissue types or functional regions (Huettel, Song & McCarthy, 2004) This voxel contains mostly gray matter This voxel contains mostly white matter ...
... contributions from two or more distinct tissue types or functional regions (Huettel, Song & McCarthy, 2004) This voxel contains mostly gray matter This voxel contains mostly white matter ...
NNIntro
... • It all ends up with an computationally effective and elegant procedure to compute partial derivative of the error function with respect to every weight in a network. • It allows us to correct every weight of a network in such a way co reduce the error • Repeating the process on and on gradually re ...
... • It all ends up with an computationally effective and elegant procedure to compute partial derivative of the error function with respect to every weight in a network. • It allows us to correct every weight of a network in such a way co reduce the error • Repeating the process on and on gradually re ...
Nerve activates contraction
... Transmission of a Nerve Impulse along a Neuron The exchange of ions creates an action potential in the neuron “potential to do work” Sound familiar?? ...
... Transmission of a Nerve Impulse along a Neuron The exchange of ions creates an action potential in the neuron “potential to do work” Sound familiar?? ...
Voluntary Nicotine Consumption Triggers Potentiation of Cortical Excitatory Drives to Midbrain
... were normally distributed in all groups (Fig. 1 D, for clarity only Aston-Jones, 2002). In brief, the mean and SD of counts per bin were VTA DA neuron firing rates of SAL and NIC are shown), which determined for a baseline period, defined as the 500 ms epoch preceding stimulation. The onset of excit ...
... were normally distributed in all groups (Fig. 1 D, for clarity only Aston-Jones, 2002). In brief, the mean and SD of counts per bin were VTA DA neuron firing rates of SAL and NIC are shown), which determined for a baseline period, defined as the 500 ms epoch preceding stimulation. The onset of excit ...
ARTICLE IN PRESS Neural Networks entorhinal cortex
... could be regulated by neuronal input. A. Higher frequency oscillation (f = 6 Hz). B. Lower frequency oscillation (f = 4 Hz). C. Experimental data from different populations of stellate cells recorded at different membrane potentials shows a difference in mean oscillation frequencies (Giocomo & Hasse ...
... could be regulated by neuronal input. A. Higher frequency oscillation (f = 6 Hz). B. Lower frequency oscillation (f = 4 Hz). C. Experimental data from different populations of stellate cells recorded at different membrane potentials shows a difference in mean oscillation frequencies (Giocomo & Hasse ...
Comparison of nerve cord development
... motoneurons that exit via lateral nerve roots to then project peripherally. Lateral column neuroblasts produce, among other cell types, nerve root glia and peripheral glia. Midline precursors give rise to glial cells that enwrap outgrowing commissural axons. The midline glia also express netrin homo ...
... motoneurons that exit via lateral nerve roots to then project peripherally. Lateral column neuroblasts produce, among other cell types, nerve root glia and peripheral glia. Midline precursors give rise to glial cells that enwrap outgrowing commissural axons. The midline glia also express netrin homo ...
chaper 4_c b bangal
... Dendrite: Each neuron has fine, hair like tubular structures (extensions) around it. They branch out into tree around the cell body. They accept incoming signals. Axon: It is a long, thin, tubular structure which works like a transmission line. Synapse: Neurons are connected to one another in comple ...
... Dendrite: Each neuron has fine, hair like tubular structures (extensions) around it. They branch out into tree around the cell body. They accept incoming signals. Axon: It is a long, thin, tubular structure which works like a transmission line. Synapse: Neurons are connected to one another in comple ...
P-GAP-43 Is Enriched in Horizontal Cell
... For some analysis, an intensity cutoff was defined. Cells with a mFI larger than this cutoff were defined as 2G12 immunoreactive. The cutoffs for sections of different stages were defined independently because they derived from different experiments. In comparison with the negative control and the posi ...
... For some analysis, an intensity cutoff was defined. Cells with a mFI larger than this cutoff were defined as 2G12 immunoreactive. The cutoffs for sections of different stages were defined independently because they derived from different experiments. In comparison with the negative control and the posi ...
Breaking the Brain Barrier
... every month after that for a year, Neuwelt and his team repeated the protocol: first through the left artery, then the right, mannitol pried open her blood-brain barrier so that methotrexate could be shot across and attack her tumor. By the end of her second treatment, she was able to walk out of th ...
... every month after that for a year, Neuwelt and his team repeated the protocol: first through the left artery, then the right, mannitol pried open her blood-brain barrier so that methotrexate could be shot across and attack her tumor. By the end of her second treatment, she was able to walk out of th ...
Products > Transfection Reagent for COLO-205 Cells
... The COLO-205 cell line was established from the cell line CV-1, a cell line established from the kidney cells of an African Green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), that was transformed with a mutant SV-40 genome. This SV-40 genome produces large T antigens. The COLO-205 cell line is characterized as ...
... The COLO-205 cell line was established from the cell line CV-1, a cell line established from the kidney cells of an African Green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops), that was transformed with a mutant SV-40 genome. This SV-40 genome produces large T antigens. The COLO-205 cell line is characterized as ...
Artificial neural network
... A neural network is, in essence, an attempt to simulate the brain. Neural network theory revolves around the idea that certain key properties of biological neurons can be extracted and applied to simulations, thus creating a simulated (and very much simplified) brain. The first important thing to un ...
... A neural network is, in essence, an attempt to simulate the brain. Neural network theory revolves around the idea that certain key properties of biological neurons can be extracted and applied to simulations, thus creating a simulated (and very much simplified) brain. The first important thing to un ...
Endogenous Stem Cells in the Adult Murine Spinal Cord
... An organotypic culture of spinal cord would facilitate the rapid testing of agonists and antagonists of pro-glial and anti-neuronal factors in a three dimensionally intact, cytoarchitecturally appropriate environment. As inhibition of neurogenesis is likely to involve local cell communication, prese ...
... An organotypic culture of spinal cord would facilitate the rapid testing of agonists and antagonists of pro-glial and anti-neuronal factors in a three dimensionally intact, cytoarchitecturally appropriate environment. As inhibition of neurogenesis is likely to involve local cell communication, prese ...
Article - Dynamic Connectome Lab
... synaptic currents rather than intrinsic active membrane currents drive neuronal firing in persistent gamma, so the previously developed theory of LFP generation in passive neurons (Lindén et al. 2010, 2011; Pettersen and Einevoll 2008) can be used without modification. Using VERTEX, we have created ...
... synaptic currents rather than intrinsic active membrane currents drive neuronal firing in persistent gamma, so the previously developed theory of LFP generation in passive neurons (Lindén et al. 2010, 2011; Pettersen and Einevoll 2008) can be used without modification. Using VERTEX, we have created ...
III./2.2.: The pathology and etiology of headaches III./2.2.1.: Anatomy
... Sympathetic innervation of the cerebral vessels originates from the hypothalamus. The first synapse is in the intermediolateral column of the cervical spinal cord, and the second synapse is in the superior cervical ganglion. Sympathetic fibers contain norepinephrine and neuropeptide-Y; their activa ...
... Sympathetic innervation of the cerebral vessels originates from the hypothalamus. The first synapse is in the intermediolateral column of the cervical spinal cord, and the second synapse is in the superior cervical ganglion. Sympathetic fibers contain norepinephrine and neuropeptide-Y; their activa ...
2 Brain and Classical Neural Networks
... describe neural dynamics and thus brain dynamics. This simplified Hopfield model has many attractors, corresponding to many different equilibrium or ordered states, endemic in spin-glass models, and an unavoidable prerequisite for successful storage, in the brain, of many different patterns of activitie ...
... describe neural dynamics and thus brain dynamics. This simplified Hopfield model has many attractors, corresponding to many different equilibrium or ordered states, endemic in spin-glass models, and an unavoidable prerequisite for successful storage, in the brain, of many different patterns of activitie ...
notes as
... • They can only solve tasks if the hand-coded features convert the original task into a linearly separable one. – How difficult is this? • In the 1960’s, computational complexity theory was in its infancy. Minsky and Papert (1969) did very nice work on the spatial complexity of making a task linearl ...
... • They can only solve tasks if the hand-coded features convert the original task into a linearly separable one. – How difficult is this? • In the 1960’s, computational complexity theory was in its infancy. Minsky and Papert (1969) did very nice work on the spatial complexity of making a task linearl ...
File Now
... • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; • preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease, or lending of the program. ...
... • any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; • preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; • any rental, lease, or lending of the program. ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.