A Temporal Continuity to the Vertical
... fetal and neonatal auditory cortex, reporting that they could trace the developmental transformation from ontogenetic cell columns into mature minicolumns. A later study of human fetal cortical development identified lamina-specific differences in emergence of minicolumnar morphological features (Buxh ...
... fetal and neonatal auditory cortex, reporting that they could trace the developmental transformation from ontogenetic cell columns into mature minicolumns. A later study of human fetal cortical development identified lamina-specific differences in emergence of minicolumnar morphological features (Buxh ...
RL 19 - School of Informatics
... neurons, the critic by a group of 20 neurons, and the actor by one neuron for each possible action (4). The state signal (s) consists of a positive DC stimulus from the environment (E) to the appropriate group of state neurons. The action signal (a ) is defined as the first spike emitted by one of t ...
... neurons, the critic by a group of 20 neurons, and the actor by one neuron for each possible action (4). The state signal (s) consists of a positive DC stimulus from the environment (E) to the appropriate group of state neurons. The action signal (a ) is defined as the first spike emitted by one of t ...
Visual Responses of Pulvinar and Collicular Neurons During Eye
... the fixation point (Fig. IA). Once they were able to fixate correctly, they were trained to make saccadic eye movements from one stimulus to another on simultaneous termination of the fixation point and appearance of a target. They also learned to make smooth pursuit eye movements by following the s ...
... the fixation point (Fig. IA). Once they were able to fixate correctly, they were trained to make saccadic eye movements from one stimulus to another on simultaneous termination of the fixation point and appearance of a target. They also learned to make smooth pursuit eye movements by following the s ...
A unifying view of the basis of social cognition
... In this article we provide a unifying neural hypothesis on how individuals understand the actions and emotions of others. Our main claim is that the fundamental mechanism at the basis of the experiential understanding of others’ actions is the activation of the mirror neuron system. A similar mechan ...
... In this article we provide a unifying neural hypothesis on how individuals understand the actions and emotions of others. Our main claim is that the fundamental mechanism at the basis of the experiential understanding of others’ actions is the activation of the mirror neuron system. A similar mechan ...
Cortical region interactions and the functional role of apical
... neural network, in which nodes have two functionally distinct dendrites, can successfully learn a variety of tasks (Körding and König, 2000b, 2001a). These tasks require nodes to learn correlations between separate information streams. The utility of such learning has been noted previously, and ma ...
... neural network, in which nodes have two functionally distinct dendrites, can successfully learn a variety of tasks (Körding and König, 2000b, 2001a). These tasks require nodes to learn correlations between separate information streams. The utility of such learning has been noted previously, and ma ...
Modeling the auditory pathway - Computer Science
... White noise term in HH model Channel State Tracking Algorithm ...
... White noise term in HH model Channel State Tracking Algorithm ...
supplemental figures
... recorded neurons at the three TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (b) Comparisons in fano factor among different time windows (see Fig. 3 for definitions of time windows) (one-way ANOVA: BA, DA, and AA: F(2,1230) = 2.22, P = 0.109; DA1, DA2, and DA3: F(2,1230) = 0.18, P = 0.837). Note that ...
... recorded neurons at the three TSI values aligned to the time from trigger. (b) Comparisons in fano factor among different time windows (see Fig. 3 for definitions of time windows) (one-way ANOVA: BA, DA, and AA: F(2,1230) = 2.22, P = 0.109; DA1, DA2, and DA3: F(2,1230) = 0.18, P = 0.837). Note that ...
Visual Properties of Neurons in a Polysensory Area in Superior
... Most STP units, 70% of the 199 tested, had little or no preference for stimulus size, shape, orientation, or contrast. These nonselective units would respond similarly to spots and slits of light, to shadows, to slides and photographs of complex objects, and to three-dimensional objects. Many of the ...
... Most STP units, 70% of the 199 tested, had little or no preference for stimulus size, shape, orientation, or contrast. These nonselective units would respond similarly to spots and slits of light, to shadows, to slides and photographs of complex objects, and to three-dimensional objects. Many of the ...
Histology of Normal Tissues - SM Group| Open Access eBooks
... The simple branched acinar gland consists of a single excretory duct and several secretory acini. The cells of secretory acini contain a central nucleus and vacuolar cytoplasm. As the secretion product builds up, the nucleus becomes pyknotic and the cytoplasm more vacuolar. The secretory product con ...
... The simple branched acinar gland consists of a single excretory duct and several secretory acini. The cells of secretory acini contain a central nucleus and vacuolar cytoplasm. As the secretion product builds up, the nucleus becomes pyknotic and the cytoplasm more vacuolar. The secretory product con ...
On-line, voluntary control of human temporal lobe
... (Fig. 1). In a prior screening session, in which we recorded activity from MTL regions that included the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex and hippocampus, we identified four different units that responded selectively to four different images6. Each trial started with a 2-s display ...
... (Fig. 1). In a prior screening session, in which we recorded activity from MTL regions that included the amygdala, entorhinal cortex, parahippocampal cortex and hippocampus, we identified four different units that responded selectively to four different images6. Each trial started with a 2-s display ...
Raphe Magnus Neurons Respond to Noxious Colorectal Distension
... device (Yale Instrumentation, New Haven, CT). For tail heat, the peltier was placed on the ventrum of the tail at a point 6 –7 cm from the distal tip, and for paw heat, the peltier was placed on the footpad and toes of the hindpaw. Both the paw and the tail were affixed to the peltier platform (2 cm ...
... device (Yale Instrumentation, New Haven, CT). For tail heat, the peltier was placed on the ventrum of the tail at a point 6 –7 cm from the distal tip, and for paw heat, the peltier was placed on the footpad and toes of the hindpaw. Both the paw and the tail were affixed to the peltier platform (2 cm ...
Control of movement direction - Cognitive Science Research Group
... motion in terms of the actuator dynamics, such as the joint and muscles coordinates. The answer to this question is highly relevant to understanding how visual to motor transformation takes place, and if the brain is directly involved in computing the inverse dynamics of movement, or only the kinema ...
... motion in terms of the actuator dynamics, such as the joint and muscles coordinates. The answer to this question is highly relevant to understanding how visual to motor transformation takes place, and if the brain is directly involved in computing the inverse dynamics of movement, or only the kinema ...
ASCENDING PATHWAYS - University of Kansas Medical Center
... Secondary axons make up the lateral spinothalamic tract traveling in the lateral column of the spinal cord. ...
... Secondary axons make up the lateral spinothalamic tract traveling in the lateral column of the spinal cord. ...
22. May 2014 Examination NEVR2010 There are two types
... 3. What are the four major elements of a modeling process? (2) 4. What is a genetic polymorphism? (1) 5. Describe the significance of ‘Griffith’s experiment’ for the development of molecular biology. (2) 6. Describe the functional differences between inner and outer hair cells. (1) 7. Spiral ganglio ...
... 3. What are the four major elements of a modeling process? (2) 4. What is a genetic polymorphism? (1) 5. Describe the significance of ‘Griffith’s experiment’ for the development of molecular biology. (2) 6. Describe the functional differences between inner and outer hair cells. (1) 7. Spiral ganglio ...
Total Internal reflection Fluorescence Microscopy: Instrumentation
... Monitoring Amyloid fibril growth with TIFR • Amyloid fibril : a protein that has self-assembled into an insoluble antiparallel β-pleated sheet. • These fibrils give rise to the amyloid plaques that are seen in a number of pathological processes (eg Alzheimer's disease) ...
... Monitoring Amyloid fibril growth with TIFR • Amyloid fibril : a protein that has self-assembled into an insoluble antiparallel β-pleated sheet. • These fibrils give rise to the amyloid plaques that are seen in a number of pathological processes (eg Alzheimer's disease) ...
Critical Time Window of Neuronal Cholesterol Synthesis during
... Conditional SQS/CaMKII-cre mutants were born at the expected mendelian ratio, were viable and fertile, and had a normal life span. Mutants could not be distinguished from littermate controls by physical examination and lacked neurological defects such as clasping, tremor, or convulsions. Nevertheles ...
... Conditional SQS/CaMKII-cre mutants were born at the expected mendelian ratio, were viable and fertile, and had a normal life span. Mutants could not be distinguished from littermate controls by physical examination and lacked neurological defects such as clasping, tremor, or convulsions. Nevertheles ...
Microcircuits in visual cortex Kevan AC Martin
... cortex on the basis of the receptive fields and of the lamina in which neurons were recorded [2]. The power of their approach was that it mattered not whether one or one hundred cell types were involved, whether the synapses depressed or potentiated, or what glutamate receptor subtypes and ion chann ...
... cortex on the basis of the receptive fields and of the lamina in which neurons were recorded [2]. The power of their approach was that it mattered not whether one or one hundred cell types were involved, whether the synapses depressed or potentiated, or what glutamate receptor subtypes and ion chann ...
Number and Laminar Distribution of Neurons in a
... the number of neurons in such a projection column. Together with the data on TC projections, these numbers are then used to compute the average TC innervation of excitatory neurons in a cortical column as presented in the subsequent article (Meyer et al. 2010). The number of neurons in a cortical co ...
... the number of neurons in such a projection column. Together with the data on TC projections, these numbers are then used to compute the average TC innervation of excitatory neurons in a cortical column as presented in the subsequent article (Meyer et al. 2010). The number of neurons in a cortical co ...
A Candidate Pathway for a Visual Instructional Signal to the Barn
... important for the premotor control of head movements in response to auditory and visual stimuli (head saccades; du Lac and Knudsen, 1990). In respect to the issue of map alignment, this suggests that the instructive signal to the auditory space map is delivered by collaterals from neurons that inner ...
... important for the premotor control of head movements in response to auditory and visual stimuli (head saccades; du Lac and Knudsen, 1990). In respect to the issue of map alignment, this suggests that the instructive signal to the auditory space map is delivered by collaterals from neurons that inner ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.