Cation-Chloride Cotransporters and Neuronal Function
... CCC functions are regulated by transcriptional control, alternative splicing, subcellular targeting, and posttranslational modifications that lead to cell-specific as well as discrete subcellular expression patterns of the distinct CCC proteins. (Upper left) An example of transcriptional control for ...
... CCC functions are regulated by transcriptional control, alternative splicing, subcellular targeting, and posttranslational modifications that lead to cell-specific as well as discrete subcellular expression patterns of the distinct CCC proteins. (Upper left) An example of transcriptional control for ...
PPT - Altogen Biosystems
... epithelia (RPE) of the normal eyes of a 19-year old male. The cells were derived by Amy Aotaki-Keen in 1986 after the male died from a head trauma from a motor vehicle accident. After subjecting the cells to selective trypsinization for four passages in order to remove superficial cells, the cells w ...
... epithelia (RPE) of the normal eyes of a 19-year old male. The cells were derived by Amy Aotaki-Keen in 1986 after the male died from a head trauma from a motor vehicle accident. After subjecting the cells to selective trypsinization for four passages in order to remove superficial cells, the cells w ...
Swallowing reflex and brain stem neurons activated by superior
... SLN stimulation at 5 Hz elicited oropharyngeal and LES but not esophageal responses and evoked c-fos expression in neurons in SolI, SolIM, SolDM, PCRt, AP, NAsc, NAl, and DMVc but not in SolCe, NAc, or DMVr. These data are consistent with the role of SolI, SolIM, SolDM, NAsc, NAl, and DMVc circuit i ...
... SLN stimulation at 5 Hz elicited oropharyngeal and LES but not esophageal responses and evoked c-fos expression in neurons in SolI, SolIM, SolDM, PCRt, AP, NAsc, NAl, and DMVc but not in SolCe, NAc, or DMVr. These data are consistent with the role of SolI, SolIM, SolDM, NAsc, NAl, and DMVc circuit i ...
Big Myth or Major Miss? - Perceptual Science Laboratory
... Furthermore, a MNS provides a neurophysiological underpinning for several claims of embodied cognition such as a) perception and action are intimately linked, and b) what appears to be high-‐level or abstra ...
... Furthermore, a MNS provides a neurophysiological underpinning for several claims of embodied cognition such as a) perception and action are intimately linked, and b) what appears to be high-‐level or abstra ...
Stem cells and aging: expanding the possibilities
... trophoectoderm and the germ line. These so-called embryonic stem (ES) cells are thus defined by their potential to generate the entire organism. As development proceeds through the blastula stage cells become more restricted and, in general, cells from the inner cell mass do not contribute to extrae ...
... trophoectoderm and the germ line. These so-called embryonic stem (ES) cells are thus defined by their potential to generate the entire organism. As development proceeds through the blastula stage cells become more restricted and, in general, cells from the inner cell mass do not contribute to extrae ...
Telencephalon
... Source – human embryos (6-9 GW) from abortions Start – 1987; until 2005 ~350 have been transplanted Main targets ...
... Source – human embryos (6-9 GW) from abortions Start – 1987; until 2005 ~350 have been transplanted Main targets ...
Localization of Ca2+ Channel Subtypes on Rat Spinal Motor
... Single-labeling studies. Tissue sections were rinsed in 0.1 M Tris buffer (TB), pH 7.4, for 20 min, in 0.1 M Tris buffered saline (TBS), pH 7.4, for 20 min., blocked using 2% avidin in TBS for 30 min, rinsed in TBS for 30 min, blocked using 2% biotin for 30 min, and finally rinsed in TBS for 30 min. ...
... Single-labeling studies. Tissue sections were rinsed in 0.1 M Tris buffer (TB), pH 7.4, for 20 min, in 0.1 M Tris buffered saline (TBS), pH 7.4, for 20 min., blocked using 2% avidin in TBS for 30 min, rinsed in TBS for 30 min, blocked using 2% biotin for 30 min, and finally rinsed in TBS for 30 min. ...
Taste, Smell, and Touch: Lecture Notes
... smells are grouped together) o an odotope is a group of odorants that share some chemical feature and cause similar patters of neural firing. Neurons that fire to the same odotope are usually located near each other. Experience of Smell o Humans can tell the difference between 10,000 different odors ...
... smells are grouped together) o an odotope is a group of odorants that share some chemical feature and cause similar patters of neural firing. Neurons that fire to the same odotope are usually located near each other. Experience of Smell o Humans can tell the difference between 10,000 different odors ...
Insights from models of rhythmic motor systems
... muscles would be controlled by neuronal commands from the brain, but would provide no sensory feedback about their actual movements to the brain. Pacemaker kernel: The subset of neurons in a pattern-generating circuit that drive the rhythmic activity, and that remain rhythmically active even when is ...
... muscles would be controlled by neuronal commands from the brain, but would provide no sensory feedback about their actual movements to the brain. Pacemaker kernel: The subset of neurons in a pattern-generating circuit that drive the rhythmic activity, and that remain rhythmically active even when is ...
Biological Cybernetics
... per neuron on the horizontal median as a function of ϕ̃0 (as before, e is the horizontal direction). The calculations reveal the following result: the existence of large receptive fields in the periphery of the visual field leads to a lateral increase in resolution compared with the situation of cur ...
... per neuron on the horizontal median as a function of ϕ̃0 (as before, e is the horizontal direction). The calculations reveal the following result: the existence of large receptive fields in the periphery of the visual field leads to a lateral increase in resolution compared with the situation of cur ...
Rapid Alterations in Diffusion-weighted Images with Anatomic
... Image analysis was performed for each rat on a single slice immediately anterior to the slice where the hippocampus can be seen curling inferiorly. This position corresponded approximately to bregma 23.60 mm and maximized the cross-sectional area of each ROI (Fig 1) (21). Cheshire image processing s ...
... Image analysis was performed for each rat on a single slice immediately anterior to the slice where the hippocampus can be seen curling inferiorly. This position corresponded approximately to bregma 23.60 mm and maximized the cross-sectional area of each ROI (Fig 1) (21). Cheshire image processing s ...
IOSR Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering (IOSR-JECE)
... between the objective and subjective quality assessments obtained using the neural network. The training part is sub-divided into normal sample and abnormal sample. These two samples are given to the mapping functions. In the testing part, the isolated points were identified and the testing images w ...
... between the objective and subjective quality assessments obtained using the neural network. The training part is sub-divided into normal sample and abnormal sample. These two samples are given to the mapping functions. In the testing part, the isolated points were identified and the testing images w ...
Overlapping representation of primary tastes in a defined
... mice, we also injected AAV1.CB7.CI.mCherry to label thalamic fibers. As can be seen in Figure 2C, we found dense overlap between thalamic fibers (red) and GCaMP-labeled GC cells (green) further verifying imaging region is located within GC. In seven mice, we recorded significant taste-evoked activit ...
... mice, we also injected AAV1.CB7.CI.mCherry to label thalamic fibers. As can be seen in Figure 2C, we found dense overlap between thalamic fibers (red) and GCaMP-labeled GC cells (green) further verifying imaging region is located within GC. In seven mice, we recorded significant taste-evoked activit ...
Functions of the Nervous System 1. Sensory input 2. Integration 3
... Myelin Sheaths in the PNS • Schwann cells wraps many times around the axon • Myelin sheath—concentric layers of Schwann cell membrane ...
... Myelin Sheaths in the PNS • Schwann cells wraps many times around the axon • Myelin sheath—concentric layers of Schwann cell membrane ...
The Nervous System: Neural Tissue
... along the membrane of a neuron • Called an action potential • Depends on the movement of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) between the interstitial fluid and the inside of the neuron. ...
... along the membrane of a neuron • Called an action potential • Depends on the movement of sodium ions (Na+) and potassium ions (K+) between the interstitial fluid and the inside of the neuron. ...
Brain Stem Involvement in Immune and Aversive Challenge Jakob Paues
... destroy the aggressor and if this fails, try to limit the extent of the infection. Thus humans can have dormant tuberculosis infections that are locally controlled until the individual become weakened by disease or old age. Likewise, premalignant cells are either destroyed or forced into senescence. ...
... destroy the aggressor and if this fails, try to limit the extent of the infection. Thus humans can have dormant tuberculosis infections that are locally controlled until the individual become weakened by disease or old age. Likewise, premalignant cells are either destroyed or forced into senescence. ...
Solutions of the BCM learning rule in a network of lateral interacting
... vectors, in the positive quadrant of two-dimensional space; (b) for N orthogonal vectors in the positive quadrant of an N-dimensional space. In both cases the stable fixed point was shown to be the maximally selective one, i.e the weight vector (m) becomes orthogonal to all the inputs but one. Later ...
... vectors, in the positive quadrant of two-dimensional space; (b) for N orthogonal vectors in the positive quadrant of an N-dimensional space. In both cases the stable fixed point was shown to be the maximally selective one, i.e the weight vector (m) becomes orthogonal to all the inputs but one. Later ...
UShape Representation in the Inferior Temporal Cortex of MonkeysU
... best fit to a set of training data corresponding to the object's familiar views. A view is considered as a vector, the elements of which can be any image features, including non-geometrical ones, such as color or texture. In the simplest case, one hidden-layer unit is assumed to store each familiar ...
... best fit to a set of training data corresponding to the object's familiar views. A view is considered as a vector, the elements of which can be any image features, including non-geometrical ones, such as color or texture. In the simplest case, one hidden-layer unit is assumed to store each familiar ...
Nervous Systems
... diffuse nerve net (Figure 49.2a), which controls the contraction and expansion of the gastrovascular cavity. Unlike the nervous systems of other animals, the nerve net of cnidarians lacks clusters of neurons that perform specialized functions. In more complex animals, the axons of multiple nerve ce ...
... diffuse nerve net (Figure 49.2a), which controls the contraction and expansion of the gastrovascular cavity. Unlike the nervous systems of other animals, the nerve net of cnidarians lacks clusters of neurons that perform specialized functions. In more complex animals, the axons of multiple nerve ce ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.