adrift, a novel bnl -induced Drosophila gene required for tracheal pathfinding into the CNS. Development 126(7):1505-14. pdf
... Developing neurons undergo complex migrations to construct a functional nervous system. An important area of neurobiological research is aimed at identifying and characterizing the areas that guide these migrations. Many such cues are presented by developing neurons and glial cells, and the nervous ...
... Developing neurons undergo complex migrations to construct a functional nervous system. An important area of neurobiological research is aimed at identifying and characterizing the areas that guide these migrations. Many such cues are presented by developing neurons and glial cells, and the nervous ...
Nervous communication
... A sensory neurone, a relay neurone and a motor neurone. In a reflex (e.g. withdrawing a finger from a hot object) 1.An impulse starts in a receptor 2.then is transmitted to a sensory neurone 3.then to a relay neurone in the brain or spine, 4.then to a motor neurone 5.and finally to an effector for a ...
... A sensory neurone, a relay neurone and a motor neurone. In a reflex (e.g. withdrawing a finger from a hot object) 1.An impulse starts in a receptor 2.then is transmitted to a sensory neurone 3.then to a relay neurone in the brain or spine, 4.then to a motor neurone 5.and finally to an effector for a ...
Superior Frontal Gyrus Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus Superior
... the sound must then be computed by the nervous system by analyzing the small differences between the sounds at the two ears, ▶interaural time differences (ITDs) and ▶interaural level differences (ILDs, also called interaural intensity differences, IIDs). A remarkable feature of the auditory system i ...
... the sound must then be computed by the nervous system by analyzing the small differences between the sounds at the two ears, ▶interaural time differences (ITDs) and ▶interaural level differences (ILDs, also called interaural intensity differences, IIDs). A remarkable feature of the auditory system i ...
Pathophysiology of Paresthesia
... CNS, resulting in the perception of pain, burning, burning pain, or itching. Thus the skin “talks” to the brain via primary afferents thereby revealing information about the status of peripherally derived pain, pruritus, and local inflammation (Roosterman, et al., 2006). 1.1.1 Normal processing of p ...
... CNS, resulting in the perception of pain, burning, burning pain, or itching. Thus the skin “talks” to the brain via primary afferents thereby revealing information about the status of peripherally derived pain, pruritus, and local inflammation (Roosterman, et al., 2006). 1.1.1 Normal processing of p ...
the mirror-neuron system - Psychology and Neuroscience
... understanding, their activity should reflect the meaning of the observed action, not its visual features. Prompted by these considerations, two series of experiments were carried out. The first tested whether F5 mirror neurons are able to recognize actions from their sound (Kohler et al. 2002), the ...
... understanding, their activity should reflect the meaning of the observed action, not its visual features. Prompted by these considerations, two series of experiments were carried out. The first tested whether F5 mirror neurons are able to recognize actions from their sound (Kohler et al. 2002), the ...
Integrative neurobiology of energy homeostasis
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
... inactivation or selective expression of the insulin receptor in defined tissues and cell types have lead to a better understanding of the integration between peripheral and central insulin action. However, as exemplified by the studies of conventional NPY and AgRP-knockout mice, interpretation of resu ...
Olfactory receptor neurons prevent dissemination of neurovirulent
... Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) were infected upon intranasal inoculation with the R404BP strain of neurovirulent influenza A virus. Virus-infected neurons and a small fraction of neighbouring uninfected neurons displayed apoptotic neurodegeneration substantiated by the immunohistochemistry for ac ...
... Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) were infected upon intranasal inoculation with the R404BP strain of neurovirulent influenza A virus. Virus-infected neurons and a small fraction of neighbouring uninfected neurons displayed apoptotic neurodegeneration substantiated by the immunohistochemistry for ac ...
posterior fossa anomalies
... The formation and closure of the neural tube occurs between the 18th and 26th days post-conception. Formation of the neural tube occurs in both primary and secondary phases. Primary Neurulation, the process by which the brain and spinal cord are developed, neural folds form and converge towards ...
... The formation and closure of the neural tube occurs between the 18th and 26th days post-conception. Formation of the neural tube occurs in both primary and secondary phases. Primary Neurulation, the process by which the brain and spinal cord are developed, neural folds form and converge towards ...
Stimulation Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla Can Evoke
... of the ipsilateral segmental ventral root and their morphology and location in the intermediolateral cell column and intercalated nucleus. In all SPNs, electrical stimulation of the RVLM evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that were mediated by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and ...
... of the ipsilateral segmental ventral root and their morphology and location in the intermediolateral cell column and intercalated nucleus. In all SPNs, electrical stimulation of the RVLM evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that were mediated by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and ...
the mirror-neuron system - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... understanding, their activity should reflect the meaning of the observed action, not its visual features. Prompted by these considerations, two series of experiments were carried out. The first tested whether F5 mirror neurons are able to recognize actions from their sound (Kohler et al. 2002), the ...
... understanding, their activity should reflect the meaning of the observed action, not its visual features. Prompted by these considerations, two series of experiments were carried out. The first tested whether F5 mirror neurons are able to recognize actions from their sound (Kohler et al. 2002), the ...
ppt
... and is linked to others that are selective for another specific motor act. Together, they encode a specific motor action (for example, grasping for eating or grasping for placing ). The same neurons have mirror ...
... and is linked to others that are selective for another specific motor act. Together, they encode a specific motor action (for example, grasping for eating or grasping for placing ). The same neurons have mirror ...
Receptive-Field Characteristics of Neurons in Cat Striate Cortex
... Fig. 14, none of these are discussed further. The 22 units classified as geniculate fibers were monocularly driven, had on- or off-centers with antagonistic surrounds, had moderate to high spontaneous activity, showed no orientation or direction selectivity, and had fiberlike action potentials (6). ...
... Fig. 14, none of these are discussed further. The 22 units classified as geniculate fibers were monocularly driven, had on- or off-centers with antagonistic surrounds, had moderate to high spontaneous activity, showed no orientation or direction selectivity, and had fiberlike action potentials (6). ...
The subiculum comes of age
... in space (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978). Presumably, the hippocampus does not function as the path integrator, since constructing a new map for each environment will destroy information on movement sequences (Sharp, 1999). To track movement between points A and B, ensemble activity should vary according ...
... in space (O’Keefe and Nadel, 1978). Presumably, the hippocampus does not function as the path integrator, since constructing a new map for each environment will destroy information on movement sequences (Sharp, 1999). To track movement between points A and B, ensemble activity should vary according ...
Seminar High Performance Computers
... Besides these mentioned major differences there are also some differences in the number of neurons, where True North provides 16 million neurons and 4 billion synapses in its current configuration, the Neurogrid provides only one million neurons and with 8 billion, twice as many synapses as True No ...
... Besides these mentioned major differences there are also some differences in the number of neurons, where True North provides 16 million neurons and 4 billion synapses in its current configuration, the Neurogrid provides only one million neurons and with 8 billion, twice as many synapses as True No ...
Receptive-Field Characteristics of Neurons in Cat
... Fig. 14, none of these are discussed further. The 22 units classified as geniculate fibers were monocularly driven, had on- or off-centers with antagonistic surrounds, had moderate to high spontaneous activity, showed no orientation or direction selectivity, and had fiberlike action potentials (6). ...
... Fig. 14, none of these are discussed further. The 22 units classified as geniculate fibers were monocularly driven, had on- or off-centers with antagonistic surrounds, had moderate to high spontaneous activity, showed no orientation or direction selectivity, and had fiberlike action potentials (6). ...
The Distribution and Morphological Characteristics of Serotonergic
... were located within the hypothalamus and brainstem of both species of monotremes. The distribution of these cells was similar in both species, thus the following description is applicable to the platypus and the echidna. Terminology employed in this description is derived from a review by Jacobs and ...
... were located within the hypothalamus and brainstem of both species of monotremes. The distribution of these cells was similar in both species, thus the following description is applicable to the platypus and the echidna. Terminology employed in this description is derived from a review by Jacobs and ...
Ectopic expression of either the Drosophila
... central nervous system (CNS). In gap and pair-rule gene mutants, lost epidermal segments are associated with elimination of the corresponding segmental ganglia. While these segmentation defects were expected, a second role for gap and pair-rule genes in the specification of particular neurons was no ...
... central nervous system (CNS). In gap and pair-rule gene mutants, lost epidermal segments are associated with elimination of the corresponding segmental ganglia. While these segmentation defects were expected, a second role for gap and pair-rule genes in the specification of particular neurons was no ...
Distinct Functions of 3 and V Integrin Receptors
... from each other, whereas those from wild-type brains adhered to each other freely. In some cortical imprint neuronal migration assays, dense cohorts of neurons were found to migrate on radial glial fibers (Figure 5G). The inhibition of a3 integrins in these assays caused neurons not only to stop the ...
... from each other, whereas those from wild-type brains adhered to each other freely. In some cortical imprint neuronal migration assays, dense cohorts of neurons were found to migrate on radial glial fibers (Figure 5G). The inhibition of a3 integrins in these assays caused neurons not only to stop the ...
Fatty acid amide hydrolase expression in rat choroid plexus
... CSF [4]. Underlying the epithelial cell layer of the choroid plexus is a capillary complex which is thought to produce a simple ®ltrate of blood plasma which is then absorbed by the epithelial cells [4]. After further modi®cation of the composition of the absorbed ¯uid, it is then secreted by the ep ...
... CSF [4]. Underlying the epithelial cell layer of the choroid plexus is a capillary complex which is thought to produce a simple ®ltrate of blood plasma which is then absorbed by the epithelial cells [4]. After further modi®cation of the composition of the absorbed ¯uid, it is then secreted by the ep ...
Motion perception: Seeing and deciding
... high-level neurons during performance on our direction discrimination task. We sought to determine whether the activity of these neurons could provide an interesting window onto the formation of the monkey’s decision, which is revealed in the planning of one or the other saccadic eye movement. We co ...
... high-level neurons during performance on our direction discrimination task. We sought to determine whether the activity of these neurons could provide an interesting window onto the formation of the monkey’s decision, which is revealed in the planning of one or the other saccadic eye movement. We co ...
File - cbcpsychology
... Refers to the actions of the experimenter, rather than the I.V affecting the value of the D.V, hence the results of the experiment. An experiment effect can occur when the unconscious (or inadvertent) expectations, personal characteristics or treatment of the data (by the experimenter) may bias th ...
... Refers to the actions of the experimenter, rather than the I.V affecting the value of the D.V, hence the results of the experiment. An experiment effect can occur when the unconscious (or inadvertent) expectations, personal characteristics or treatment of the data (by the experimenter) may bias th ...
Vestibular Signals of Posterior Parietal Cortex Neurons during
... ABSTRACT: The posterior parietal cortex may function as an interface between sensory and motor cortices and thus could be involved in the formation of motor plans as well as abstract representations of space. We have recorded from neurons in the intraparietal sulcus, namely, the ventral and medial i ...
... ABSTRACT: The posterior parietal cortex may function as an interface between sensory and motor cortices and thus could be involved in the formation of motor plans as well as abstract representations of space. We have recorded from neurons in the intraparietal sulcus, namely, the ventral and medial i ...
PPT - Altogen Biosystems
... Products > SK-MEL-28 Transfection Reagent (Melanoma Cells, HTB72) Altogen Biosystems offers the SK-MEL-28 Transfection Reagent among a host of 100+ cell line specific In Vitro Transfection Kits. The SK-MEL-28 Transfection Reagent is a nanoparticle-based liposome formulation, and it has been develope ...
... Products > SK-MEL-28 Transfection Reagent (Melanoma Cells, HTB72) Altogen Biosystems offers the SK-MEL-28 Transfection Reagent among a host of 100+ cell line specific In Vitro Transfection Kits. The SK-MEL-28 Transfection Reagent is a nanoparticle-based liposome formulation, and it has been develope ...
Pain relief produces negative reinforcement through activation of
... following PNB in sham-treated rats or 96 h after the incision surgery, when injury-induced ongoing pain was likely to be greatly diminished. Thus, as we have previously shown, ongoing (i.e., spontaneous) pain can be unmasked by demonstrating that its removal is rewarding using CPP (1, 3, 30, 31). Fi ...
... following PNB in sham-treated rats or 96 h after the incision surgery, when injury-induced ongoing pain was likely to be greatly diminished. Thus, as we have previously shown, ongoing (i.e., spontaneous) pain can be unmasked by demonstrating that its removal is rewarding using CPP (1, 3, 30, 31). Fi ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.