Ventral Premotor and Inferior Parietal Cortices
... distribution of PIs in the F5 and PFG neuronal populations, this index was calculated also for those neurons showing no statistically significant differences between the 2 conditions. In this case, PI was calculated using the average response in the epoch/epochs in which the neuron was significantly a ...
... distribution of PIs in the F5 and PFG neuronal populations, this index was calculated also for those neurons showing no statistically significant differences between the 2 conditions. In this case, PI was calculated using the average response in the epoch/epochs in which the neuron was significantly a ...
Demonstration of Local Protein Synthesis within
... culture system that allowed the separation of living axons and dendrites from their cell bodies of origin. Because this system eliminates the transport of proteins produced in the cell body, it was possible to study the extent of dendritic protein synthesis directly. Hippocampal neurons were plated ...
... culture system that allowed the separation of living axons and dendrites from their cell bodies of origin. Because this system eliminates the transport of proteins produced in the cell body, it was possible to study the extent of dendritic protein synthesis directly. Hippocampal neurons were plated ...
Glossary of Neuroanatomical Terms and Eponyms
... Crus. L. leg. Crus cerebri is the ventral part of the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain on each side, separated from the dorsal part by the substantia nigra. Also called the basis pedunculi. Crus of the fornix. Cuneus. L. wedge. Gyrus on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. Fasciculus cune ...
... Crus. L. leg. Crus cerebri is the ventral part of the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain on each side, separated from the dorsal part by the substantia nigra. Also called the basis pedunculi. Crus of the fornix. Cuneus. L. wedge. Gyrus on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere. Fasciculus cune ...
Multiplication and stimulus invariance in a looming
... single neuron level. Experimental and theoretical results are consistent with multiplication being implemented by subtraction of two logarithmic terms followed by exponentiation via active membrane conductances, according to a 1=b ¼ expðlogðaÞ logðbÞÞ. Invariance appears to be in part due to non ...
... single neuron level. Experimental and theoretical results are consistent with multiplication being implemented by subtraction of two logarithmic terms followed by exponentiation via active membrane conductances, according to a 1=b ¼ expðlogðaÞ logðbÞÞ. Invariance appears to be in part due to non ...
Introduction to Sensory Systems
... - still only one trick: change in conductance to specific ion(s). ...
... - still only one trick: change in conductance to specific ion(s). ...
The role of nitric oxide in the hypothalamic control of LHRH and
... complex constitute the hormonal sex center [32]. Interestingly, LHRH and both NOS mRNAs [44, 52] as well as NOS proteins [18, 48] were shown to be expressed in separate populations of preoptic neurons. The exceptionally high activity of NOS in the population of preoptic neurons localized in the dire ...
... complex constitute the hormonal sex center [32]. Interestingly, LHRH and both NOS mRNAs [44, 52] as well as NOS proteins [18, 48] were shown to be expressed in separate populations of preoptic neurons. The exceptionally high activity of NOS in the population of preoptic neurons localized in the dire ...
Target-specific differences in somatodendritic morphology of layer V
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
... Dendritic geometry has been shown to be a critical determinant of information processing and neuronal computation. However, it is not known whether cortical projection neurons that target different subcortical nuclei have distinct dendritic morphologies. In this study, fast blue retrograde tracing i ...
Dopamine
... creases DA neuronal activity (31) and DA levels in the striatum in a manner that is dependent on DA neuron impulse flow (29). It is proposed that this subicular-driven DA release may be involved in the modulation of investigatory response to novel and conditioned stimuli (45). Stimulation of the PFC ...
... creases DA neuronal activity (31) and DA levels in the striatum in a manner that is dependent on DA neuron impulse flow (29). It is proposed that this subicular-driven DA release may be involved in the modulation of investigatory response to novel and conditioned stimuli (45). Stimulation of the PFC ...
Fates of Visual Cortical Neurons in the Ferret After lsochronic and
... physiological properties and connections (Caviness, 1976; Drlger, 198 1; Lemmon and Pearlman, 198 1). These findings suggest that normal migration is not crucial to the determination of cell type. Similar conclusions have been reached in a second line of experiments, in which the migration of cortic ...
... physiological properties and connections (Caviness, 1976; Drlger, 198 1; Lemmon and Pearlman, 198 1). These findings suggest that normal migration is not crucial to the determination of cell type. Similar conclusions have been reached in a second line of experiments, in which the migration of cortic ...
The Cat is Out of the Bag: Cortical Simulations with 109 Neurons
... The cerebral cortex is a large sheet of neurons a few millimeters thick and with a surface area of 2500 cm2 in humans, folded tightly to fit within constraints imposed by the skull [30]. Neuronal density in the cortical sheet has been estimated at 92, 000 neurons under 1 mm2 [8]. The cortex is subdi ...
... The cerebral cortex is a large sheet of neurons a few millimeters thick and with a surface area of 2500 cm2 in humans, folded tightly to fit within constraints imposed by the skull [30]. Neuronal density in the cortical sheet has been estimated at 92, 000 neurons under 1 mm2 [8]. The cortex is subdi ...
Transcripts/2_4 1
... i. By far the biggest part of our visual system is computation. ii. Something like 1/3 or 1/4 of the human brain is required for our full visual capability. That is an enormous amount of tissue, which is more than for language. iii. Why is this? Why does visual processing take so much of the brain? ...
... i. By far the biggest part of our visual system is computation. ii. Something like 1/3 or 1/4 of the human brain is required for our full visual capability. That is an enormous amount of tissue, which is more than for language. iii. Why is this? Why does visual processing take so much of the brain? ...
Art.-Schoenbaum (R) - UCSD Cognitive Science
... 121 neurons sampled in ABL. The activity of these neurons, illustrated in Fig. 3, differed on positive and negative go trials as the rat awaited reinforcement in the fluid well. Note that negative go trials constitute errors, in which the rat makes a response after sampling the odor that predicts de ...
... 121 neurons sampled in ABL. The activity of these neurons, illustrated in Fig. 3, differed on positive and negative go trials as the rat awaited reinforcement in the fluid well. Note that negative go trials constitute errors, in which the rat makes a response after sampling the odor that predicts de ...
Understanding the Human Sensory Conduction of Smell
... The olfactory epithelium is the main end organ for the sense of smell in humans and vertebrates. Specially differenciated neuronal cells called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) play a key role in the olfactory epithelium by expressing the olfactory receptors (ORs) on their apical surface membrane. ...
... The olfactory epithelium is the main end organ for the sense of smell in humans and vertebrates. Specially differenciated neuronal cells called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) play a key role in the olfactory epithelium by expressing the olfactory receptors (ORs) on their apical surface membrane. ...
Irregular persistent activity induced by synaptic excitatory feedback
... investigated in the last three decades using single neuron electrophysiological recordings in monkeys performing delayed response tasks (Funahashi et al., 1989; Fuster and Alexander, 1971; Fuster and Jervey, 1981; Goldman-Rakic, 1995; Miyashita, 1988). These tasks share in common a ‘delay period’ du ...
... investigated in the last three decades using single neuron electrophysiological recordings in monkeys performing delayed response tasks (Funahashi et al., 1989; Fuster and Alexander, 1971; Fuster and Jervey, 1981; Goldman-Rakic, 1995; Miyashita, 1988). These tasks share in common a ‘delay period’ du ...
17 Human Single Unit Activity for Reach and Grasp Motor Prostheses
... in the BrainGate trials had severe loss of voluntary control of their limbs and had not used them in years,3 they were still able to modulate their MI neuronal activity in response to intended movements. The modulation of MI neurons not just during action performance but also during action observati ...
... in the BrainGate trials had severe loss of voluntary control of their limbs and had not used them in years,3 they were still able to modulate their MI neuronal activity in response to intended movements. The modulation of MI neurons not just during action performance but also during action observati ...
Synaptic Integration of Olfactory Information in Mouse Anterior
... (Student’s t test). This second criterion was used to control for any suprathreshold and/or subthreshold activity change induced by changes in the flow rate associated with stimulus delivery or by the vehicle (mineral oil). We followed this procedure because we and others in the Katz laboratory have ...
... (Student’s t test). This second criterion was used to control for any suprathreshold and/or subthreshold activity change induced by changes in the flow rate associated with stimulus delivery or by the vehicle (mineral oil). We followed this procedure because we and others in the Katz laboratory have ...
THE AREA POSTREMA: A POTENTIAL SITE FOR CIRCADIAN REGULATION BY
... ion substitution experiments revealed a PK2-induced Cl- current was responsible for membrane depolarization, while hyperpolarizations were the result of inhibition of an inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current. In contrast to these differential effects on membrane potential, nearly all neur ...
... ion substitution experiments revealed a PK2-induced Cl- current was responsible for membrane depolarization, while hyperpolarizations were the result of inhibition of an inwardly rectifying non-selective cation current. In contrast to these differential effects on membrane potential, nearly all neur ...
NMDA Receptors Contribute to Primary Visceral Afferent
... Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from 177 NTS neurons, 126 of which received excitatory input from the solitary tract. In all of the four cells tested, the EPSCs evoked by solitary tract stimulation were blocked by the calcium channel blocker CdCl2 (100 mM), indicating that the curren ...
... Whole cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained from 177 NTS neurons, 126 of which received excitatory input from the solitary tract. In all of the four cells tested, the EPSCs evoked by solitary tract stimulation were blocked by the calcium channel blocker CdCl2 (100 mM), indicating that the curren ...
relation between cell size and response characteristics of
... Finally, these two neuronal populations are linked: vestibulospinal fibers from the 1LVN excite mono- and polysynaptically ipsilateral extensor motoneurons (Lund and Pompeiano, 1968; Grillner et al., 1970). For these reasons, we decided to record the unit activity from the selected population of LVN ...
... Finally, these two neuronal populations are linked: vestibulospinal fibers from the 1LVN excite mono- and polysynaptically ipsilateral extensor motoneurons (Lund and Pompeiano, 1968; Grillner et al., 1970). For these reasons, we decided to record the unit activity from the selected population of LVN ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.