Physics of the interstellar medium - Argelander
... 1950‘s maps of the Milky Way in Hi (10% of the stellar mass is in Hi) 1960 discovery of the soft X-ray background 1963 the first interstellar maser had be discovered (OH) 1968 NH3 , the “thermometer” in the Universe was observed for the first time ...
... 1950‘s maps of the Milky Way in Hi (10% of the stellar mass is in Hi) 1960 discovery of the soft X-ray background 1963 the first interstellar maser had be discovered (OH) 1968 NH3 , the “thermometer” in the Universe was observed for the first time ...
Charged Wire Interferometer for Atoms
... motional state of the atoms. These elements are implemented either by freestanding microstructures or by light fields. For high precision applications, such as gyroscopes [2–5], a large throughput of the initial atomic flux is advantageous [6]. In order to efficiently use all atoms in an uncollimate ...
... motional state of the atoms. These elements are implemented either by freestanding microstructures or by light fields. For high precision applications, such as gyroscopes [2–5], a large throughput of the initial atomic flux is advantageous [6]. In order to efficiently use all atoms in an uncollimate ...
LECTURE W6-L2 - Cooling and Textures
... Figure 3-6. Examples of plagioclase zoning profiles determined by microprobe point traverses. a. Repeated sharp reversals attributed to magma mixing, followed by normal cooling increments. b. Smaller and irregular oscillations caused by local disequilibrium crystallization. c. Complex oscillations d ...
... Figure 3-6. Examples of plagioclase zoning profiles determined by microprobe point traverses. a. Repeated sharp reversals attributed to magma mixing, followed by normal cooling increments. b. Smaller and irregular oscillations caused by local disequilibrium crystallization. c. Complex oscillations d ...
chapter 3 thermodynamics of dilute gases
... In this description, Becker postulates an incomplete law of equilibrium whereby two systems placed in thermal contact will spontaneously change until the temperature of each system is the same. This is sometimes called the zeroth law of thermodynamics. James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), the famous Bri ...
... In this description, Becker postulates an incomplete law of equilibrium whereby two systems placed in thermal contact will spontaneously change until the temperature of each system is the same. This is sometimes called the zeroth law of thermodynamics. James Clerk Maxwell (1831-1879), the famous Bri ...
Practice Test 2 Solutions Oct 2010 - University of KwaZulu
... • The B side is isothermal, thus we know that before and after B gets compressed the temperature remains the same • For the B side we know moles (n), new volume (VB2), temperature (TB2), and so we can find pressure (PB2) after the compression using PV = nRT • After the compres ...
... • The B side is isothermal, thus we know that before and after B gets compressed the temperature remains the same • For the B side we know moles (n), new volume (VB2), temperature (TB2), and so we can find pressure (PB2) after the compression using PV = nRT • After the compres ...
Simulation of discharging dust grains by laser excitation of neutral...
... excitation radius between ⬃20 and −28 m兲; when the distance, r, is much less than the Debye length, D, the fractional change in the electric field is proportional to 共r / D兲2. To get the results of higher accuracy, a fully self-consistent calculation that includes screening effects should be perf ...
... excitation radius between ⬃20 and −28 m兲; when the distance, r, is much less than the Debye length, D, the fractional change in the electric field is proportional to 共r / D兲2. To get the results of higher accuracy, a fully self-consistent calculation that includes screening effects should be perf ...
Plasma Electrodynamics and Applications—A. Bers, A. K. Ram
... collisional transport phenomena in plasmas confined by a strong, external magnetic field, and on the single-fluid magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) description of low-frequency dynamics.3,4 For a plasma in a strong magnetic field, so-called gyro-viscous terms, that are independent of collisions, were disco ...
... collisional transport phenomena in plasmas confined by a strong, external magnetic field, and on the single-fluid magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) description of low-frequency dynamics.3,4 For a plasma in a strong magnetic field, so-called gyro-viscous terms, that are independent of collisions, were disco ...
Kein Folientitel
... • Shear flow at magnetised plasma boundary may cause ripples on the surface that can grow......... • The rigidity of the field provides the dominat restoring force....... Consider shear flows (e.g., due to the solar wind) at a boundary, such as between Earth‘s magnetosheath and magnetopause. Linear ...
... • Shear flow at magnetised plasma boundary may cause ripples on the surface that can grow......... • The rigidity of the field provides the dominat restoring force....... Consider shear flows (e.g., due to the solar wind) at a boundary, such as between Earth‘s magnetosheath and magnetopause. Linear ...
Unit 6: Solution Chemistry Content Outline: Basic Solution Chemistry
... a. Less “free solvent molecules” to grab solute because they are bound inter-molecularly. For example, cold tea is much harder to sweeten than hot tea. 3. Gases also require a specified pressure…remember that temperature directly affects pressure. For example, cold water holds more dissolved Oxygen ...
... a. Less “free solvent molecules” to grab solute because they are bound inter-molecularly. For example, cold tea is much harder to sweeten than hot tea. 3. Gases also require a specified pressure…remember that temperature directly affects pressure. For example, cold water holds more dissolved Oxygen ...
Brock_Pirasteh_Sepiedeh_2012
... Metal oxides, including perovskite-type related oxides (ABO 3) have many interesting properties which have been widely researched and studied [1-8]. These extraordinary properties lead to their applications in various electronic devices, optoelectronic devices and storage media [2]. Further, they ar ...
... Metal oxides, including perovskite-type related oxides (ABO 3) have many interesting properties which have been widely researched and studied [1-8]. These extraordinary properties lead to their applications in various electronic devices, optoelectronic devices and storage media [2]. Further, they ar ...
Module 10 Crystal Defects in Metals I Lecture 10 Crystal
... orientations. Their properties would depend on the properties of the individual crystals (also commonly known as grains) and the way they are arranged. In the previous module we have looked at the mechanisms of plastic deformation. We have seen that the shear stress is ...
... orientations. Their properties would depend on the properties of the individual crystals (also commonly known as grains) and the way they are arranged. In the previous module we have looked at the mechanisms of plastic deformation. We have seen that the shear stress is ...
using standard pra s - Instytut Fizyki PAN
... harmonic generation, can be obtained in simple models that invoke the picture of one active electron under the influence of an effective potential 共see, e.g., 关25–27兴兲. On the other hand, however, the production of highly charged energetic ions by laser irradiation is of an essentially many-electron ...
... harmonic generation, can be obtained in simple models that invoke the picture of one active electron under the influence of an effective potential 共see, e.g., 关25–27兴兲. On the other hand, however, the production of highly charged energetic ions by laser irradiation is of an essentially many-electron ...
Introduction to magnetism
... Up to now, the atom was supposed to be isolated, so within an isotropic potential. Magnetic materials are mostly in a solid state, so the magnetic atom is located in an atomic lattice with a perfectly long range order for crystals or with only short range order for amorphous and nanocrystallised mat ...
... Up to now, the atom was supposed to be isolated, so within an isotropic potential. Magnetic materials are mostly in a solid state, so the magnetic atom is located in an atomic lattice with a perfectly long range order for crystals or with only short range order for amorphous and nanocrystallised mat ...
Protons for Breakfast
... top left (H) and reads left to right, and then we go down a row. The shape of the conventional diagram reflects the way electrons arrange themselves around the nuclei of atoms in so-called ‘shells’. Let’s imagine creating new atoms by adding protons to the nucleus, and corresponding orbiting electro ...
... top left (H) and reads left to right, and then we go down a row. The shape of the conventional diagram reflects the way electrons arrange themselves around the nuclei of atoms in so-called ‘shells’. Let’s imagine creating new atoms by adding protons to the nucleus, and corresponding orbiting electro ...
Störmer
... The fractional quantum Hall effect is a very counterintuitive physical phenomenon. It implies that many electrons, acting in concert, can create new particles having a charge smaller than the charge of any individual electron. This is not the way things are supposed to be. A collection of objects ma ...
... The fractional quantum Hall effect is a very counterintuitive physical phenomenon. It implies that many electrons, acting in concert, can create new particles having a charge smaller than the charge of any individual electron. This is not the way things are supposed to be. A collection of objects ma ...
State of matter
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and neutron-degenerate matter, but these only occur in extreme situations such as ultra cold or ultra dense matter. Other states, such as quark–gluon plasmas, are believed to be possible but remain theoretical for now. For a complete list of all exotic states of matter, see the list of states of matter.Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume and shape, with component particles (atoms, molecules or ions) close together and fixed into place. Matter in the liquid state maintains a fixed volume, but has a variable shape that adapts to fit its container. Its particles are still close together but move freely. Matter in the gaseous state has both variable volume and shape, adapting both to fit its container. Its particles are neither close together nor fixed in place. Matter in the plasma state has variable volume and shape, but as well as neutral atoms, it contains a significant number of ions and electrons, both of which can move around freely. Plasma is the most common form of visible matter in the universe.The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but a system can contain several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (see Phase (matter) for more discussion of the difference between the two terms).