THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN PRESSURE ON THE
... and microidentation methods. It was found, that the coatings formed by means of vacuum-arc method are two-phase objects. The change of nitrogen pressure from 2.0∙10-4 to 5.0∙10-4 Тоrr during the deposition increases the contents of its atoms in the condensate from 2.7 to 21.62 %, and this is accompa ...
... and microidentation methods. It was found, that the coatings formed by means of vacuum-arc method are two-phase objects. The change of nitrogen pressure from 2.0∙10-4 to 5.0∙10-4 Тоrr during the deposition increases the contents of its atoms in the condensate from 2.7 to 21.62 %, and this is accompa ...
2012 General Chemistry I
... Provides a deeper understanding of electron-pair bonds Accounts for the structure and properties of metals and semiconductors Universally used in calculations of molecular structures ...
... Provides a deeper understanding of electron-pair bonds Accounts for the structure and properties of metals and semiconductors Universally used in calculations of molecular structures ...
ME 533 Lecture 7 Pla..
... • Vibrationally excited molecules -- quite stable WRT collisional deactivation. • Their lifetime WRT spontaneous radiation is also relatively long. • The electric dipole radiation, corresponding to a transition between vibrational levels of the same electronic state, is permitted for molecules havi ...
... • Vibrationally excited molecules -- quite stable WRT collisional deactivation. • Their lifetime WRT spontaneous radiation is also relatively long. • The electric dipole radiation, corresponding to a transition between vibrational levels of the same electronic state, is permitted for molecules havi ...
basic thermodynamics
... If the water is cooled at a constant pressure of 1 atm from 75 oCto 5oC the heat given up may be used as a source for a series of Carnot engines each using the surroundings as a sink. It is assumed that the amount of energy received by any engine is small relative to that in the source and the tempe ...
... If the water is cooled at a constant pressure of 1 atm from 75 oCto 5oC the heat given up may be used as a source for a series of Carnot engines each using the surroundings as a sink. It is assumed that the amount of energy received by any engine is small relative to that in the source and the tempe ...
Laser plasma acceleration of electrons - (SILIS) Group
... wave and the electrons requires that both move at similar velocities and this is achieved through the use of low density plasmas 共less than 1020 cm−3兲, in which the phase velocity of the laser-excited plasma wave is equal to the laser pulse group velocity 共which is close to the speed of light in vac ...
... wave and the electrons requires that both move at similar velocities and this is achieved through the use of low density plasmas 共less than 1020 cm−3兲, in which the phase velocity of the laser-excited plasma wave is equal to the laser pulse group velocity 共which is close to the speed of light in vac ...
Chemistry - PCMBToday
... – As the distance of the orbits increases from the nucleus, the energy gap goes on decreasing, i.e., E2 – E1 > E3 – E2 > E4 – E3 > ...... ...
... – As the distance of the orbits increases from the nucleus, the energy gap goes on decreasing, i.e., E2 – E1 > E3 – E2 > E4 – E3 > ...... ...
What is electricity?
... which everything is made. Each electron has a small negative charge. An atom normally has an equal number of electrons and protons (positively charged particles in its nucleus or center), so atoms have no overall electrical charge. A piece of rubber is made from large collections of atoms called mol ...
... which everything is made. Each electron has a small negative charge. An atom normally has an equal number of electrons and protons (positively charged particles in its nucleus or center), so atoms have no overall electrical charge. A piece of rubber is made from large collections of atoms called mol ...
... Since the beginning of quantum mechanics in the 1920’s, one of the most spectacular advances in physics is perhaps the formulation of the density-functional theory (DFT) which enables one to handle many-electron systems with ease. It was constructed by Hohenberg and Kohn [2] in the 1960’s, for which ...
Lecture 8 Magnetopause Magnetosheath Bow shock Fore Shock
... – The disturbance propagates faster than the signal speed. In gas the signal speed is the speed of sound, in space plasmas the signal speeds are the MHD wave speeds. – At the shock front the properties of the medium change abruptly. In a hydrodynamic shock, the pressure and density increase while in ...
... – The disturbance propagates faster than the signal speed. In gas the signal speed is the speed of sound, in space plasmas the signal speeds are the MHD wave speeds. – At the shock front the properties of the medium change abruptly. In a hydrodynamic shock, the pressure and density increase while in ...
Statistical and Low Temperature Physics (PHYS393)
... attraction as they move away from one another. They lose kinetic energy and cools down. This is true for most gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen. There are exceptions, like hydrogen and helium. Statistical Physics ...
... attraction as they move away from one another. They lose kinetic energy and cools down. This is true for most gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen. There are exceptions, like hydrogen and helium. Statistical Physics ...
Surface Tension in Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms
... Surface tension is the physical property of the surface of a liquid to resist an external force. The intermolecular bonds or cohesive forces between the molecules of a liquid cause surface tension; this tension is due to intermolecular forces, which are the same forces that cause molecules to compre ...
... Surface tension is the physical property of the surface of a liquid to resist an external force. The intermolecular bonds or cohesive forces between the molecules of a liquid cause surface tension; this tension is due to intermolecular forces, which are the same forces that cause molecules to compre ...
Stability of nonstationary states of spin-1 Bose- Einstein condensates
... both in spin populations and relative phases was studied, under the assumption that the magnetic field vanishes. In the present paper, we generalize these findings to arbitrary states with and without magnetic fields. We concentrate on the case where the magnetic field is nonzero and also consider a ...
... both in spin populations and relative phases was studied, under the assumption that the magnetic field vanishes. In the present paper, we generalize these findings to arbitrary states with and without magnetic fields. We concentrate on the case where the magnetic field is nonzero and also consider a ...
Evidence for a large enrichment of interstitial oxygen atoms in the
... It is well known that impurities located in crystalline materials induce changes in many of their properties. For example, mechanical properties of several bcc metals suffer drastic modifications in the presence of hydrogen atoms in interstitial sites since they become brittle.1 The temperature of t ...
... It is well known that impurities located in crystalline materials induce changes in many of their properties. For example, mechanical properties of several bcc metals suffer drastic modifications in the presence of hydrogen atoms in interstitial sites since they become brittle.1 The temperature of t ...
State of matter
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and neutron-degenerate matter, but these only occur in extreme situations such as ultra cold or ultra dense matter. Other states, such as quark–gluon plasmas, are believed to be possible but remain theoretical for now. For a complete list of all exotic states of matter, see the list of states of matter.Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume and shape, with component particles (atoms, molecules or ions) close together and fixed into place. Matter in the liquid state maintains a fixed volume, but has a variable shape that adapts to fit its container. Its particles are still close together but move freely. Matter in the gaseous state has both variable volume and shape, adapting both to fit its container. Its particles are neither close together nor fixed in place. Matter in the plasma state has variable volume and shape, but as well as neutral atoms, it contains a significant number of ions and electrons, both of which can move around freely. Plasma is the most common form of visible matter in the universe.The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but a system can contain several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (see Phase (matter) for more discussion of the difference between the two terms).