Cold Collisions of Metastable Helium Atoms
... large number of molecular states has to be considered because transitions between hyperfine states can occur. The complication of hyperfine structure is not present in systems consisting of metastable rare gas atoms since the most abundant isotopes do not have a nuclear spin. The metastable states o ...
... large number of molecular states has to be considered because transitions between hyperfine states can occur. The complication of hyperfine structure is not present in systems consisting of metastable rare gas atoms since the most abundant isotopes do not have a nuclear spin. The metastable states o ...
Ferroelectricity in Amphiphilic Monolayers
... a degree of directionality with respect to one another. This last statement requires that a certain anisotropy exist within each molecule, for this orientational order or directionality comes from each molecule possessing a well-defined non-polar vector associated with its structure. Often the liqui ...
... a degree of directionality with respect to one another. This last statement requires that a certain anisotropy exist within each molecule, for this orientational order or directionality comes from each molecule possessing a well-defined non-polar vector associated with its structure. Often the liqui ...
bose-einstein condensation and macroscopic interference with
... While atomic physics research encompasses theoretical and experimental work in many diverse areas, the sub-fields of neutral-atom cooling and trapping are specifically concerned with methods that dissipate kinetic energy from atoms in an atomic gas, techniques for confining cold atoms to small and w ...
... While atomic physics research encompasses theoretical and experimental work in many diverse areas, the sub-fields of neutral-atom cooling and trapping are specifically concerned with methods that dissipate kinetic energy from atoms in an atomic gas, techniques for confining cold atoms to small and w ...
The AdS/CMT manual for plumbers and electricians
... critical states of electron matter. This inspired the string theorists to zoom in on the specific circumstances met in the condensed matter systems and amazing discoveries followed in a rapid succession: holographic superconductivity, the holographic “strange metals” and the emergence of stable Ferm ...
... critical states of electron matter. This inspired the string theorists to zoom in on the specific circumstances met in the condensed matter systems and amazing discoveries followed in a rapid succession: holographic superconductivity, the holographic “strange metals” and the emergence of stable Ferm ...
plasma-focus
... The sub-barrier nature of fusion does not require heating of hydrogen isotopes – deuterium or a deuterium-tritium mixture – to a temperature of 280 keV, which corresponds to about 3⋅109 K (we will specify the temperature in electron-volts and it should be noted that 1 eV corresponds to 11,600 K). Th ...
... The sub-barrier nature of fusion does not require heating of hydrogen isotopes – deuterium or a deuterium-tritium mixture – to a temperature of 280 keV, which corresponds to about 3⋅109 K (we will specify the temperature in electron-volts and it should be noted that 1 eV corresponds to 11,600 K). Th ...
Week 8 ductile deformation continued
... Crystal Plasticity: migration of crystal dislocations causes permanent deformation Dislocation by climb or cross slip, Sometimes glide planes are blocked by point defects. Edge Dislocation: can’t continue on that plane, so dislocation climbs to new glide plane ...
... Crystal Plasticity: migration of crystal dislocations causes permanent deformation Dislocation by climb or cross slip, Sometimes glide planes are blocked by point defects. Edge Dislocation: can’t continue on that plane, so dislocation climbs to new glide plane ...
Journal - AIMS Lab
... higher coordination. Considering the position of silicon atom in a finite size silica chain, they can be divided into three classes of bridging, pairing, and ending sites [Fig. 1(e)]. The structural and mechanical properties of CSHs are provided in Table I. Anomalous tobermorite has the highest Ez a ...
... higher coordination. Considering the position of silicon atom in a finite size silica chain, they can be divided into three classes of bridging, pairing, and ending sites [Fig. 1(e)]. The structural and mechanical properties of CSHs are provided in Table I. Anomalous tobermorite has the highest Ez a ...
New trends in the investigations of macrocyclic magnets J. M , A. T
... In all the cases the χM value increases slowly with the decrease of temperature, but in the low-temperature region a rapid increase of molar susceptibility values ...
... In all the cases the χM value increases slowly with the decrease of temperature, but in the low-temperature region a rapid increase of molar susceptibility values ...
Spectroscopy, Manipulation and Trapping of Neutral Atoms
... diameter fiber can couple into the guided modes of the fiber [32,56]. Due to multiple surface effects, which are described in Section 2.1, this emission can be strongly enhanced and the resultant fluorescence can be utilized to probe atoms in the vicinity of the ONF surface, as described in Section ...
... diameter fiber can couple into the guided modes of the fiber [32,56]. Due to multiple surface effects, which are described in Section 2.1, this emission can be strongly enhanced and the resultant fluorescence can be utilized to probe atoms in the vicinity of the ONF surface, as described in Section ...
Tearing mode dynamics and locking in the presence of external
... theory.12,19 Furthermore, after TM wall-locking, hysteresis caused by reduction of viscous torque and increase in the tearing mode amplitude has been experimentally observed.26,30 Previous works in RFPs have mainly focused on the interaction between a single harmonic RMP and a TM of corresponding re ...
... theory.12,19 Furthermore, after TM wall-locking, hysteresis caused by reduction of viscous torque and increase in the tearing mode amplitude has been experimentally observed.26,30 Previous works in RFPs have mainly focused on the interaction between a single harmonic RMP and a TM of corresponding re ...
Structure and packing of phosphatidylcholines in lamellar and
... The alkyl- and arylpoly(oxyethy1ene) detergents are amphiphiles having widespread applications that are technologically of considerable importance. In particular these detergents are useful in membrane biochemistry as they are very suitable for disruption of bilayers and nondenaturing solubilization ...
... The alkyl- and arylpoly(oxyethy1ene) detergents are amphiphiles having widespread applications that are technologically of considerable importance. In particular these detergents are useful in membrane biochemistry as they are very suitable for disruption of bilayers and nondenaturing solubilization ...
Charge, spin and orbital order in the candidate multiferroic material
... ascribed to increasing oxygen off-stoichiometry. The main focus is on samples exhibiting a sharp magnetic transition to long-range spin order at TN ∼240 K accompanied at ...
... ascribed to increasing oxygen off-stoichiometry. The main focus is on samples exhibiting a sharp magnetic transition to long-range spin order at TN ∼240 K accompanied at ...
Generation of Convection in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere
... had wide appeal and is still adopted by many researchers as the basic concepts for many studies. The discovery of field-aligned currents (FAC) by Iijima and Potemra (1976) ought to have given new meaning to the concept of convection. However, it took an unexpectedly long time before this discovery w ...
... had wide appeal and is still adopted by many researchers as the basic concepts for many studies. The discovery of field-aligned currents (FAC) by Iijima and Potemra (1976) ought to have given new meaning to the concept of convection. However, it took an unexpectedly long time before this discovery w ...
Fast-ion transport and neutral beam current drive in
... In present day fusion devices fast ions are mainly generated by neutral beam injection (NBI). They heat plasmas through collisions with electrons and ions and, if injected with a sufficiently parallel velocity component, their associated current drive can be used to reach non-inductive conditions or ...
... In present day fusion devices fast ions are mainly generated by neutral beam injection (NBI). They heat plasmas through collisions with electrons and ions and, if injected with a sufficiently parallel velocity component, their associated current drive can be used to reach non-inductive conditions or ...
Phase Diagrams and Ordering in Charged
... organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes,24 electrostatic interactions are significant in biomembranes. Recently, several experiments have investigated the phase separation of multicomponent lipid mixtures containing at least one type of charged phospholipid.25−30 In binary mixtures of neutral s ...
... organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes,24 electrostatic interactions are significant in biomembranes. Recently, several experiments have investigated the phase separation of multicomponent lipid mixtures containing at least one type of charged phospholipid.25−30 In binary mixtures of neutral s ...
Simulation of the formation of antihydrogen in a nested Penning trap:
... antihydrogen formation process into a simulation of the entire evolution of the experimental events. A detailed description of the simulation method is given below in section 2. Briefly, the simulations start with the injection of antiprotons into the nested Penning trap. We follow the trajectories ...
... antihydrogen formation process into a simulation of the entire evolution of the experimental events. A detailed description of the simulation method is given below in section 2. Briefly, the simulations start with the injection of antiprotons into the nested Penning trap. We follow the trajectories ...
Full-Text PDF
... frequencies and has a low neutron cross section capture area [2]. In recent years, attention has been focused on the preparation of high-purity α-Al2O3 nano-powders by various routes such as gas phase deposition, hydrothermal synthesis [2], plasma synthesis [3], the sol-gel method [4], freeze drying ...
... frequencies and has a low neutron cross section capture area [2]. In recent years, attention has been focused on the preparation of high-purity α-Al2O3 nano-powders by various routes such as gas phase deposition, hydrothermal synthesis [2], plasma synthesis [3], the sol-gel method [4], freeze drying ...
Physics of Magnetically Confined Plasmas
... and the engineering with energy at an acceptable cost will remain a primary issue until demonstration power plants are built. Fundamental considerations imply fusion power systems will have a power output of order a gigawatt. First, the structure surrounding the plasma must have minimum thickness, a ...
... and the engineering with energy at an acceptable cost will remain a primary issue until demonstration power plants are built. Fundamental considerations imply fusion power systems will have a power output of order a gigawatt. First, the structure surrounding the plasma must have minimum thickness, a ...
Quantum Effects in Condensed Matter Systems in Three, Two, and
... Single vortex with semi-infinite branch cut and double vortex with finite branch cut due to the Berry phase . . . . . . . . . Schematic of scattering of quasiparticles due to the Berry phase effect. The Berry phase effect is denoted by the finite branch cut shown by the thick line joining the dots. ...
... Single vortex with semi-infinite branch cut and double vortex with finite branch cut due to the Berry phase . . . . . . . . . Schematic of scattering of quasiparticles due to the Berry phase effect. The Berry phase effect is denoted by the finite branch cut shown by the thick line joining the dots. ...
Cyclotron waves in a non-neutral plasma column
... electrical signal induced by this plasma response in order to diagnose the charge to mass ratio and/or the relative concentration of plasma species1 (via the technique of “ioncyclotron mass spectrometry”). While most of these devices work in the low-density regime where plasma effects are small, cyc ...
... electrical signal induced by this plasma response in order to diagnose the charge to mass ratio and/or the relative concentration of plasma species1 (via the technique of “ioncyclotron mass spectrometry”). While most of these devices work in the low-density regime where plasma effects are small, cyc ...
State of matter
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and neutron-degenerate matter, but these only occur in extreme situations such as ultra cold or ultra dense matter. Other states, such as quark–gluon plasmas, are believed to be possible but remain theoretical for now. For a complete list of all exotic states of matter, see the list of states of matter.Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume and shape, with component particles (atoms, molecules or ions) close together and fixed into place. Matter in the liquid state maintains a fixed volume, but has a variable shape that adapts to fit its container. Its particles are still close together but move freely. Matter in the gaseous state has both variable volume and shape, adapting both to fit its container. Its particles are neither close together nor fixed in place. Matter in the plasma state has variable volume and shape, but as well as neutral atoms, it contains a significant number of ions and electrons, both of which can move around freely. Plasma is the most common form of visible matter in the universe.The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but a system can contain several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (see Phase (matter) for more discussion of the difference between the two terms).