Long-term unsteadiness and large-scale structures in Rayleigh-Bénard convection
... scales for Ra > 2.6 × 106 , indicating that both are turbulent. However, molecular effects are still noticeable in the boundary layer and the boundary layer does not behave like a classical shear-driven turbulent boundary layer. ...
... scales for Ra > 2.6 × 106 , indicating that both are turbulent. However, molecular effects are still noticeable in the boundary layer and the boundary layer does not behave like a classical shear-driven turbulent boundary layer. ...
REVIEW ARTICLE Plasma sources based on the propagation of
... Many reviews of the properties and applications of surface-wave produced plasmas can be found (Marec et al1982, Moisan et al 1982b, Moisan and Zakrzewski 1986, Chaker et a/ 1986). These plasmas are characterized by an unusual flexibility in operating conditions. For example, depending on the tube ra ...
... Many reviews of the properties and applications of surface-wave produced plasmas can be found (Marec et al1982, Moisan et al 1982b, Moisan and Zakrzewski 1986, Chaker et a/ 1986). These plasmas are characterized by an unusual flexibility in operating conditions. For example, depending on the tube ra ...
Low temperature synthesis of layered Na CoO and K
... 2.1 Synthesis of NaxCoO2 and K xCoO2 Layered NaxCoO2 and KxCoO2 phases were synthesized from cobalt oxalate or nitrate salts mixed with NaOH or KOH (AR grade) in the weight ratio of 1 : 10 in a recrystallized alumina crucible. For the preparation of NaxCoO2 , a typical run contains CoC2 O4 .2H2 O (3 ...
... 2.1 Synthesis of NaxCoO2 and K xCoO2 Layered NaxCoO2 and KxCoO2 phases were synthesized from cobalt oxalate or nitrate salts mixed with NaOH or KOH (AR grade) in the weight ratio of 1 : 10 in a recrystallized alumina crucible. For the preparation of NaxCoO2 , a typical run contains CoC2 O4 .2H2 O (3 ...
Program Abstracts
... Since the sixties biennial Symposium on Spin Waves in St. Petersburg was aimed at providing an opportunity for discussion of the latest advances in fundamental studies of dynamic properties of various magnetically ordered materials. This year the Symposium will highlight the modern problems of magne ...
... Since the sixties biennial Symposium on Spin Waves in St. Petersburg was aimed at providing an opportunity for discussion of the latest advances in fundamental studies of dynamic properties of various magnetically ordered materials. This year the Symposium will highlight the modern problems of magne ...
Dipole trapping and manipulation of ultra
... between quantum bits can be turned on and off on demand. Enormous progress has been made in atomic, molecular and optical physics in controlling the quantum states of atoms and photons and suppressing decoherence due to unwanted interactions with the environment. Nowadays it is possible to engineer ...
... between quantum bits can be turned on and off on demand. Enormous progress has been made in atomic, molecular and optical physics in controlling the quantum states of atoms and photons and suppressing decoherence due to unwanted interactions with the environment. Nowadays it is possible to engineer ...
Phase behavior of clathrate hydrates: a model for single and
... for example in the Arctic regions and in the sea, that can slow or completely obstruct Pow. Recently, there has been interest in forming gas hydrates to sequester greenhouse gases, and in methods of harvesting the potential reserves of methane in naturally occurring hydrates. While such hydrates can ...
... for example in the Arctic regions and in the sea, that can slow or completely obstruct Pow. Recently, there has been interest in forming gas hydrates to sequester greenhouse gases, and in methods of harvesting the potential reserves of methane in naturally occurring hydrates. While such hydrates can ...
Ph.D. Thesis --
... freedom of the molecules dominates over these electronic interactions leading to an almost free rotation of the molecule,13,14,15 i.e., to a plastic crystal. Even in the low-temperature orientationally ordered phase,16,17 molecular reorientations are frequent and orientational defects are abundant. ...
... freedom of the molecules dominates over these electronic interactions leading to an almost free rotation of the molecule,13,14,15 i.e., to a plastic crystal. Even in the low-temperature orientationally ordered phase,16,17 molecular reorientations are frequent and orientational defects are abundant. ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... Abstract A pointed piece of a mineral called magnetite was noticed to turn north–south when supported in air or placed on the surface of water. As such, magnetite was the first magnetic material to be discovered, and people wasted no time exploiting it. From the dawn of the human race, when magnetic ...
... Abstract A pointed piece of a mineral called magnetite was noticed to turn north–south when supported in air or placed on the surface of water. As such, magnetite was the first magnetic material to be discovered, and people wasted no time exploiting it. From the dawn of the human race, when magnetic ...
Impurity Injection Experiments on the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak
... atomic physics rate coefficients for molybdenum as a result of this thesis. Agreement between modelled and observed spatial profiles of high charge states of molybdenum is now good. This modelling has been used to infer intrinsic molybdenum concentrations in the plasma during a variety of operating ...
... atomic physics rate coefficients for molybdenum as a result of this thesis. Agreement between modelled and observed spatial profiles of high charge states of molybdenum is now good. This modelling has been used to infer intrinsic molybdenum concentrations in the plasma during a variety of operating ...
investigation of the resistance to demagnetization in bulk rare
... Neodymium-Iron-Boron (Nd2Fe14B) based bulk magnets at elevated temperature (160°C), which is now only obtainable by substituting ~7wt% dysprosium (Dy) for a portion of neodymium (Nd), can be achieved through specific microstructural modifications with decreased Dy concentrations. The approach is to ...
... Neodymium-Iron-Boron (Nd2Fe14B) based bulk magnets at elevated temperature (160°C), which is now only obtainable by substituting ~7wt% dysprosium (Dy) for a portion of neodymium (Nd), can be achieved through specific microstructural modifications with decreased Dy concentrations. The approach is to ...
Focus On: JET The European Centre of Fusion Research Jan Mlynář
... to heat and sustain plasma then a Breakeven is achieved. However, only the fusion energy contained within the helium ions heats the deuterium and tritium fuel ions (by collisions) to keep the fusion reaction going. When this self-heating mechanism is sufficient to maintain the plasma temperature req ...
... to heat and sustain plasma then a Breakeven is achieved. However, only the fusion energy contained within the helium ions heats the deuterium and tritium fuel ions (by collisions) to keep the fusion reaction going. When this self-heating mechanism is sufficient to maintain the plasma temperature req ...
Transitions between corona, glow, and spark regimes of
... The plasma discharge is produced by applying nanosecond high-voltage pulses between two steel electrodes, as shown in Fig. 2. The majority of the results reported in this work have been obtained using an FID Technologies generator 共Model FPG 10–30MS兲 that produces pulses with rise/ fall times of 5 n ...
... The plasma discharge is produced by applying nanosecond high-voltage pulses between two steel electrodes, as shown in Fig. 2. The majority of the results reported in this work have been obtained using an FID Technologies generator 共Model FPG 10–30MS兲 that produces pulses with rise/ fall times of 5 n ...
Observation of spatial ordering and blocked excitation in Rydberg
... Rydberg atoms as the donor-system on which to perform quantum simulations. Rydberg atoms are neutral atoms of which a single electron is excited to a state with high principal quantum number [2], and they exhibit a number of very useful and special properties. The van der Waals forces between Rydber ...
... Rydberg atoms as the donor-system on which to perform quantum simulations. Rydberg atoms are neutral atoms of which a single electron is excited to a state with high principal quantum number [2], and they exhibit a number of very useful and special properties. The van der Waals forces between Rydber ...
(pdf)
... Cassini, the second orbiter mission to a giant planet, will be a unique opportunity to conduct an in-depth study of a planetary magnetosphere other than Earth’s and Jupiter’s. For this purpose the spacecraft carries a very sophisticated complement of plasma and field instruments. During its four-yea ...
... Cassini, the second orbiter mission to a giant planet, will be a unique opportunity to conduct an in-depth study of a planetary magnetosphere other than Earth’s and Jupiter’s. For this purpose the spacecraft carries a very sophisticated complement of plasma and field instruments. During its four-yea ...
State of matter
In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms that matter takes on. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many other states are known, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and neutron-degenerate matter, but these only occur in extreme situations such as ultra cold or ultra dense matter. Other states, such as quark–gluon plasmas, are believed to be possible but remain theoretical for now. For a complete list of all exotic states of matter, see the list of states of matter.Historically, the distinction is made based on qualitative differences in properties. Matter in the solid state maintains a fixed volume and shape, with component particles (atoms, molecules or ions) close together and fixed into place. Matter in the liquid state maintains a fixed volume, but has a variable shape that adapts to fit its container. Its particles are still close together but move freely. Matter in the gaseous state has both variable volume and shape, adapting both to fit its container. Its particles are neither close together nor fixed in place. Matter in the plasma state has variable volume and shape, but as well as neutral atoms, it contains a significant number of ions and electrons, both of which can move around freely. Plasma is the most common form of visible matter in the universe.The term phase is sometimes used as a synonym for state of matter, but a system can contain several immiscible phases of the same state of matter (see Phase (matter) for more discussion of the difference between the two terms).