Self-Organization and Functional Role of Lateral Connections and
... selectivity develop together, and perhaps because of the interactions between these two domains, does not produce a clear columnar organization of spatial frequency selectivity. Although the above models replicate the self-organization of a erent structures quite well, they are based on the simpli c ...
... selectivity develop together, and perhaps because of the interactions between these two domains, does not produce a clear columnar organization of spatial frequency selectivity. Although the above models replicate the self-organization of a erent structures quite well, they are based on the simpli c ...
Cognitive neuroscience lecture
... • Sakai, Rowe, & Passingham (2002), subject did STM spatial task – found greater frontal activity on ‘correct’ trials, less on ‘error’ trials suggesting frontal areas important for filtering distractions. Similar findings for words and pseudo words. • Other evidence suggesting that phonological defi ...
... • Sakai, Rowe, & Passingham (2002), subject did STM spatial task – found greater frontal activity on ‘correct’ trials, less on ‘error’ trials suggesting frontal areas important for filtering distractions. Similar findings for words and pseudo words. • Other evidence suggesting that phonological defi ...
Brain systems for action sequences
... aim to clarify how brain systems carry out action syntax functions. The syntactic behavior during grooming in rats is used to study the role of the basal ganglia in such natural sequential behaviors. Learning more about how neurons code sequential movement may have important implications for treatme ...
... aim to clarify how brain systems carry out action syntax functions. The syntactic behavior during grooming in rats is used to study the role of the basal ganglia in such natural sequential behaviors. Learning more about how neurons code sequential movement may have important implications for treatme ...
Brainwaves ("40 Hz") Research
... In the visual system, it used to be thought that successive hierarchies of neurons encoded progressively more complex features of objects. This scheme, however, is inflexible and inefficient. Conjunctions of more and more combinations of "low-level" features are needed to define progressively "highe ...
... In the visual system, it used to be thought that successive hierarchies of neurons encoded progressively more complex features of objects. This scheme, however, is inflexible and inefficient. Conjunctions of more and more combinations of "low-level" features are needed to define progressively "highe ...
The neuronal structure of the globus pallidus in the rabbit — Nissl
... neurons with smooth or spiny dendrites and simple or complex terminal dendritic arborisations, which received convergent inputs from intrinsic and extrinsic sources and used gamma-aminobutyric acid as a transmitter. A smaller and separate population of pallidal projection neurons contained acetyloch ...
... neurons with smooth or spiny dendrites and simple or complex terminal dendritic arborisations, which received convergent inputs from intrinsic and extrinsic sources and used gamma-aminobutyric acid as a transmitter. A smaller and separate population of pallidal projection neurons contained acetyloch ...
Monkey social depriv-brain I - University of Illinois Archives
... movements, self-directed behaviors, and psychosocial abnormalities, but neurobiological mechanisms underlying the behaviors of socially deprived (SD) monkeys are unknown. Monkeys were reared in total social deprivation for the first 9 months of life; control monkeys were reared socially (SR) with mo ...
... movements, self-directed behaviors, and psychosocial abnormalities, but neurobiological mechanisms underlying the behaviors of socially deprived (SD) monkeys are unknown. Monkeys were reared in total social deprivation for the first 9 months of life; control monkeys were reared socially (SR) with mo ...
Neuron
... Neurons have four distinct anatomical regions a typical neuron has four morphologically defined regions: the dendrites, the cell body (also called the soma or perikaryon), the axon, and the presynaptic terminals to the axon. Theses four anatomical regions are important to the four major electrical a ...
... Neurons have four distinct anatomical regions a typical neuron has four morphologically defined regions: the dendrites, the cell body (also called the soma or perikaryon), the axon, and the presynaptic terminals to the axon. Theses four anatomical regions are important to the four major electrical a ...
Document
... Figure 3A.1 A wrongheaded theory Despite initial acceptance of Franz Gall’s speculations, bumps on the skull tell us nothing about the brain’s underlying functions. Nevertheless, some of Gall’s assumptions have held true. Different parts of the brain do control different aspects of behavior, as you ...
... Figure 3A.1 A wrongheaded theory Despite initial acceptance of Franz Gall’s speculations, bumps on the skull tell us nothing about the brain’s underlying functions. Nevertheless, some of Gall’s assumptions have held true. Different parts of the brain do control different aspects of behavior, as you ...
Document
... behavior. Although we know how the sensory-motor system generally works, the main issue lies in identifying all neurons involved and understanding their interrelationships. Many interneurons contribute to sensory-motor circuits and have been well studied. For example, Renshaw cells (RC) are inhibito ...
... behavior. Although we know how the sensory-motor system generally works, the main issue lies in identifying all neurons involved and understanding their interrelationships. Many interneurons contribute to sensory-motor circuits and have been well studied. For example, Renshaw cells (RC) are inhibito ...
motor systems
... supplementary motor area (SMA), a number of separately identifiable motor areas are found in the premotor cortex anterior to M1 and the SMA and in the cingulate sulcus inferior to SMA. These cortical areas are connected with one another and receive input from prefrontal and parietal cortical areas a ...
... supplementary motor area (SMA), a number of separately identifiable motor areas are found in the premotor cortex anterior to M1 and the SMA and in the cingulate sulcus inferior to SMA. These cortical areas are connected with one another and receive input from prefrontal and parietal cortical areas a ...
Learning Through Imitation: a Biological Approach to Robotics
... mouth or placing it into a container, respectively. In the other condition the monkey had to perform the described actions itself. In the present work, we modified the original paradigm by replacing the piece of food and the metal cube with two colored polystyrene blocks. Additionally, the robot’s m ...
... mouth or placing it into a container, respectively. In the other condition the monkey had to perform the described actions itself. In the present work, we modified the original paradigm by replacing the piece of food and the metal cube with two colored polystyrene blocks. Additionally, the robot’s m ...
Stimulating nerve cells with laser precision - Exploration
... zone around our target neuron that also is affected, simply because of the way electricity travels throughout the tissue. Using light to stimulate neurons, we can pick off a single neuron without affecting the other neurons around it.” According to Kao, it should be possible to create a machine in a ...
... zone around our target neuron that also is affected, simply because of the way electricity travels throughout the tissue. Using light to stimulate neurons, we can pick off a single neuron without affecting the other neurons around it.” According to Kao, it should be possible to create a machine in a ...
Nervous System - Napa Valley College
... located in the gray matter of the spinal cord. The afferent or sensory neuron cell bodies are located in dorsal root ganglion. ...
... located in the gray matter of the spinal cord. The afferent or sensory neuron cell bodies are located in dorsal root ganglion. ...
14. Assessment of the nervous system
... unification and regulation of different physiological processes. That means that nervous system unites, integrates and subordinates all the parts of human body and provides its connection with environment ...
... unification and regulation of different physiological processes. That means that nervous system unites, integrates and subordinates all the parts of human body and provides its connection with environment ...
Activity-Dependent Regulation of Potassium Currents in an
... neurons, so ion channels must continually be replaced. Control of this process requires that the number, open conductance, and distribution of ion channels be regulated by feedback mechanisms related to the firing properties of the neuron (LeMasson et al., 1993; Liu et al., 1998; Stemmler and Koch, ...
... neurons, so ion channels must continually be replaced. Control of this process requires that the number, open conductance, and distribution of ion channels be regulated by feedback mechanisms related to the firing properties of the neuron (LeMasson et al., 1993; Liu et al., 1998; Stemmler and Koch, ...
Drugs and the Synapse
... • German physiologist Otto Loewi was the first to convincingly demonstrate that communication across the synapse occurs ...
... • German physiologist Otto Loewi was the first to convincingly demonstrate that communication across the synapse occurs ...
What We Can and What We Can`t Do with fMRI
... of a distributed large-scale system, such as that underlying our memory or linguistic capacities, one must first understand the architectural units that organize neural populations of similar properties and how such units are interconnected. With 1010 neurons and 1013 connections in the cortex alone ...
... of a distributed large-scale system, such as that underlying our memory or linguistic capacities, one must first understand the architectural units that organize neural populations of similar properties and how such units are interconnected. With 1010 neurons and 1013 connections in the cortex alone ...
The Nervous System - Plain Local Schools
... • The hippocampus is associated mainly with memory, in particular long-term memory. The organ also plays an important role in spatial navigation. ...
... • The hippocampus is associated mainly with memory, in particular long-term memory. The organ also plays an important role in spatial navigation. ...
Neuron Preview
... needed for a structure devoted to synthesizing information to yield highly complex output. Jackson et al. (2003) focused their work on a special type of neuron in M1: the cortico-motoneuronal (CM) cell (see Porter and Lemon, 1993, for a comprehensive review of CM cells). Anatomical and functional pr ...
... needed for a structure devoted to synthesizing information to yield highly complex output. Jackson et al. (2003) focused their work on a special type of neuron in M1: the cortico-motoneuronal (CM) cell (see Porter and Lemon, 1993, for a comprehensive review of CM cells). Anatomical and functional pr ...
Developmental regulation of Medium Spiny Neuron dendritic
... • Dendrites “sum-up” synaptic potentials, determining whether there will be an action potential in the axon • Shape and size of the dendritic arbor determines • Number of synapses • position of synapses with respect to the soma • May also affect the probability of being “found” by an axon durin ...
... • Dendrites “sum-up” synaptic potentials, determining whether there will be an action potential in the axon • Shape and size of the dendritic arbor determines • Number of synapses • position of synapses with respect to the soma • May also affect the probability of being “found” by an axon durin ...
Specific synapses develop preferentially among sister excitatory
... non-siblings during postnatal stages. We found that radially aligned sister excitatory neurons have a propensity for developing unidirectional chemical synapses with each other rather than with neighbouring non-siblings. Moreover, these synaptic connections display the same interlaminar directional ...
... non-siblings during postnatal stages. We found that radially aligned sister excitatory neurons have a propensity for developing unidirectional chemical synapses with each other rather than with neighbouring non-siblings. Moreover, these synaptic connections display the same interlaminar directional ...
Affiliates Day Poster Joseph Young
... 3. F. M. J. Willems, Y. M. Shtarkov, and T. J. Tjalkens. The context-tree weighting method: basic properties. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 41(3):653–664, May 1995. ...
... 3. F. M. J. Willems, Y. M. Shtarkov, and T. J. Tjalkens. The context-tree weighting method: basic properties. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 41(3):653–664, May 1995. ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.