The Molecular Logic of Smell
... Using the technique of gene clonin g, we were able to isolate the genes encoding the odo r recept ors. This family of receptor ge nes exhibited several properties that su ited it to its role in odor recognition. First , the genes encoded prot eins that ...
... Using the technique of gene clonin g, we were able to isolate the genes encoding the odo r recept ors. This family of receptor ge nes exhibited several properties that su ited it to its role in odor recognition. First , the genes encoded prot eins that ...
A quantitative description of the mouse piriform cortex
... piriform cortex. Quantitative descriptions such as these are important because they make it possible to construct realistic models and provide a constraint that theories of the olfactory circuit must fulfil. We show how quantitative descriptions can be useful for modelling by using our data to refin ...
... piriform cortex. Quantitative descriptions such as these are important because they make it possible to construct realistic models and provide a constraint that theories of the olfactory circuit must fulfil. We show how quantitative descriptions can be useful for modelling by using our data to refin ...
Nervous System part 1
... negative and more positive - causes transmission of an impulse (b) Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... negative and more positive - causes transmission of an impulse (b) Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
INTRODUCTION - Faculty & Staff Webpages
... • Nicotinic receptors are found on dendrites & cell bodies of autonomic NS cells (and at NMJ.) ...
... • Nicotinic receptors are found on dendrites & cell bodies of autonomic NS cells (and at NMJ.) ...
Anterolateral Systems
... With extramedullary lesions, radicular pain is often prominent, and there is early sacral sensory loss (lateral spinothalamic tract) and spastic weakness in the legs (corticospinal tract) due to the superficial location of leg fibers in the corticospinal tract. Intramedullary lesions tend to pro ...
... With extramedullary lesions, radicular pain is often prominent, and there is early sacral sensory loss (lateral spinothalamic tract) and spastic weakness in the legs (corticospinal tract) due to the superficial location of leg fibers in the corticospinal tract. Intramedullary lesions tend to pro ...
12-1 Test Bank Huether and McCance: Understanding
... b. Influencing and modifying spinal reflex arcs c. Cell bodies located in the gray matter of the spinal cord d. Dendritic processes extending out of the CNS ANS: B Upper motor neurons are completely contained within the CNS. Their primary roles are controlling fine motor movement and influencing/mod ...
... b. Influencing and modifying spinal reflex arcs c. Cell bodies located in the gray matter of the spinal cord d. Dendritic processes extending out of the CNS ANS: B Upper motor neurons are completely contained within the CNS. Their primary roles are controlling fine motor movement and influencing/mod ...
Dropped Questions Power Point - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as what neurotransmitter? A. acetylcholine B. serotonin C. endorphins D. dopamine E. epinephrine ...
... Opiate drugs occupy the same receptor sites as what neurotransmitter? A. acetylcholine B. serotonin C. endorphins D. dopamine E. epinephrine ...
Three-Dimensional Reconstruction and Stereoscopic Display of
... impression of two dissimilar images of the same object in the two eyes (Okoshi 1976). This dissimilarity is illustrated in Fig. 2a for three points of an object. When the eyes are fixed an the cross, it will be focussed by the lenses onto corresponding locations in the foveae of the two eyes. Other ...
... impression of two dissimilar images of the same object in the two eyes (Okoshi 1976). This dissimilarity is illustrated in Fig. 2a for three points of an object. When the eyes are fixed an the cross, it will be focussed by the lenses onto corresponding locations in the foveae of the two eyes. Other ...
S1 File.
... complex sensory percept. Finally they investigate how different areas of the brain cooperate to control complex functions like language. How is the brain put together and how do the individual building blocks function? During this unit students learn how the neuron is put together, how it does what ...
... complex sensory percept. Finally they investigate how different areas of the brain cooperate to control complex functions like language. How is the brain put together and how do the individual building blocks function? During this unit students learn how the neuron is put together, how it does what ...
2 - IS MU
... the cause of hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane and thus its depolarization (formation of an action potential) disabled. The receptor is a heteropentamer ...
... the cause of hyperpolarization of the postsynaptic membrane and thus its depolarization (formation of an action potential) disabled. The receptor is a heteropentamer ...
Physiology Study Guide 12
... ____ 6. Sensory information from the eyes is not relayed to the Thalamus. ____ 7. The convolutions (folds) of the cerebrum are technically called “gyri”. ____ 8. The unpleasant emotion associated with pain, originates in the Cerebellum. ____ 9. In the general pattern for sensory pathways, informatio ...
... ____ 6. Sensory information from the eyes is not relayed to the Thalamus. ____ 7. The convolutions (folds) of the cerebrum are technically called “gyri”. ____ 8. The unpleasant emotion associated with pain, originates in the Cerebellum. ____ 9. In the general pattern for sensory pathways, informatio ...
Cooperation and biased competition model can explain attentional
... modelled explicitly here. The nonselective excitatory neurons do not have sensory or biasing inputs. They are thought to be involved in other cognitive tasks and to be only spontaneously and nonselectively active in the present framework. Finally, inhibitory neurons balance the overall activity and ...
... modelled explicitly here. The nonselective excitatory neurons do not have sensory or biasing inputs. They are thought to be involved in other cognitive tasks and to be only spontaneously and nonselectively active in the present framework. Finally, inhibitory neurons balance the overall activity and ...
Brain Development and Behavior
... often referred to as gray matter. The cortex (thin layer of tissue) is gray because nerves in this area lack the insulation that makes most other parts of the brain appear to be white. The cortex covers the outer portion the ...
... often referred to as gray matter. The cortex (thin layer of tissue) is gray because nerves in this area lack the insulation that makes most other parts of the brain appear to be white. The cortex covers the outer portion the ...
The Neuron - UPM EduTrain Interactive Learning
... The Ionic Basis of Action Potentials Rising phase: Na+ moves membrane potential from -70 to +50mV. End of rising phase: After about 1 millisec, Na+ channels close. Change in membrane potential opens voltage-activated K+ channels. Repolarization: Concentration gradient and change in charge ...
... The Ionic Basis of Action Potentials Rising phase: Na+ moves membrane potential from -70 to +50mV. End of rising phase: After about 1 millisec, Na+ channels close. Change in membrane potential opens voltage-activated K+ channels. Repolarization: Concentration gradient and change in charge ...
Neural Communication
... from a sending neuron via neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane via a set of processes, and ultimately result in changes in the permeability of the cell membrane to the important ions mentioned previously. Since all of the ions (besides Cl-) actually are being " ...
... from a sending neuron via neurotransmitters. These neurotransmitters affect the postsynaptic membrane via a set of processes, and ultimately result in changes in the permeability of the cell membrane to the important ions mentioned previously. Since all of the ions (besides Cl-) actually are being " ...
Histological Rearrangement in the Facial Nerve and Central Nuclei
... In the animals with RFNB, the HRP-labelled neurons from the anastomosis side were distributed diffusely in both the hypoglossal and facial nuclei without specific localization. If the RFNB was cut (2 animals in each group) prior to application of HRP, no HRP-labelled neurons could be found in the fa ...
... In the animals with RFNB, the HRP-labelled neurons from the anastomosis side were distributed diffusely in both the hypoglossal and facial nuclei without specific localization. If the RFNB was cut (2 animals in each group) prior to application of HRP, no HRP-labelled neurons could be found in the fa ...
Current Opinion in Neurobiology - Sensory systems
... for detecting low frequency love songs, where the beat is more significant than the melody, the peripheral machinery in Mus and Taeniopygia transmits a wide range of frequencies centrally so that the discrimination of calls of low or high behavioural significance occurs beyond even the primary audit ...
... for detecting low frequency love songs, where the beat is more significant than the melody, the peripheral machinery in Mus and Taeniopygia transmits a wide range of frequencies centrally so that the discrimination of calls of low or high behavioural significance occurs beyond even the primary audit ...
differentiation of brain vesicles
... in size in different species. It is largest in species with the largest neocortex but does not come from the neocortex. From which structure does it come? Where does it terminate? (Try to guess before you look it up.) 9) What two major instigators of action are discussed in this chapter on the midbr ...
... in size in different species. It is largest in species with the largest neocortex but does not come from the neocortex. From which structure does it come? Where does it terminate? (Try to guess before you look it up.) 9) What two major instigators of action are discussed in this chapter on the midbr ...
prop'02May21.doc
... have been observed. First of all, GAD is reduced in deprived barrels after trimming whiskers in the adult, but not in the neonatal rat. (Akhtar and Land, ’91). Physiological studies showed that adult rats with neonatally deprived barrel neurons show signs of disinhibition, such as higher spontaneous ...
... have been observed. First of all, GAD is reduced in deprived barrels after trimming whiskers in the adult, but not in the neonatal rat. (Akhtar and Land, ’91). Physiological studies showed that adult rats with neonatally deprived barrel neurons show signs of disinhibition, such as higher spontaneous ...
Cholinergic induction of network oscillations at 40 Hz in the
... medial septum/diagonal band3, is important in memory4,5 and exhibits network activity at 40 Hz during relevant behaviours6. Here we show that cholinergic activation is sufficient to induce 40Hz network oscillations7 in the hippocampus in vitro. Oscillatory activity is generated spontaneously in the ...
... medial septum/diagonal band3, is important in memory4,5 and exhibits network activity at 40 Hz during relevant behaviours6. Here we show that cholinergic activation is sufficient to induce 40Hz network oscillations7 in the hippocampus in vitro. Oscillatory activity is generated spontaneously in the ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (Lou Gehrig`s Disease)
... weakness, muscle atrophy and fasciculations, spasticity, dysarthria, dysphagia, and respiratory compromise. Sensory function generally is spared, as is autonomic, and oculomotor activity. ALS is a progressive, fatal, neurodegenerative disease with most affected patients dying of respiratory compromi ...
... weakness, muscle atrophy and fasciculations, spasticity, dysarthria, dysphagia, and respiratory compromise. Sensory function generally is spared, as is autonomic, and oculomotor activity. ALS is a progressive, fatal, neurodegenerative disease with most affected patients dying of respiratory compromi ...
ANPS 019 Beneyto 11-06
... • Although similar in structure, the 2 hemispheres have different functions (e.g., language on left, face recognition on right) • Specific regions of the cerebral cortex have specific functions, but there is overlap in function • Primary motor and sensory areas are organized into topographic maps re ...
... • Although similar in structure, the 2 hemispheres have different functions (e.g., language on left, face recognition on right) • Specific regions of the cerebral cortex have specific functions, but there is overlap in function • Primary motor and sensory areas are organized into topographic maps re ...
BRAIN
... Glutamate opens a Na+ channel, and a Na+ influx depolarizes the cell NMDA receptor: Glutamate opens the Ca2+ channel gate Depolarization by AMPA receptor causes ejection of Mg2+ ion from NMDA channel Once NMDA channel is opened (by opening of Ca2+ gate and ejection of Mg2+), Ca2+ enters the cell, an ...
... Glutamate opens a Na+ channel, and a Na+ influx depolarizes the cell NMDA receptor: Glutamate opens the Ca2+ channel gate Depolarization by AMPA receptor causes ejection of Mg2+ ion from NMDA channel Once NMDA channel is opened (by opening of Ca2+ gate and ejection of Mg2+), Ca2+ enters the cell, an ...
Nervous System
... Refractory Period & Pumps Refractory Period: After a neuron fires an action potential it pauses for a short period to recharge itself to fire again. Compare: in order to flush, the tank must be full: you cannot have two flushes occur in a row if the tank has not had time to fill. Sodium-Potassium P ...
... Refractory Period & Pumps Refractory Period: After a neuron fires an action potential it pauses for a short period to recharge itself to fire again. Compare: in order to flush, the tank must be full: you cannot have two flushes occur in a row if the tank has not had time to fill. Sodium-Potassium P ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.