The role of temporal parameters in a thalamocortical model of analogy
... gating). However, what gets integrated or selectively directed, or what is the property or nature of that which gets integrated or directed remains a question. For example, to what and to where does attention or prediction get directed, and how can these processes be generally characterized? One pos ...
... gating). However, what gets integrated or selectively directed, or what is the property or nature of that which gets integrated or directed remains a question. For example, to what and to where does attention or prediction get directed, and how can these processes be generally characterized? One pos ...
Neuronal cell types
... not to the source of its inputs: an intrinsic neuron can receive synaptic inputs from cells located within the same structure or from distant ones. The following paragraphs give examples of neuronal types in the cerebellum and the retina, where the types are pretty well understood, and the neocortex ...
... not to the source of its inputs: an intrinsic neuron can receive synaptic inputs from cells located within the same structure or from distant ones. The following paragraphs give examples of neuronal types in the cerebellum and the retina, where the types are pretty well understood, and the neocortex ...
CNS Cellular Components - Johns Hopkins Medicine
... Astrocytes are found throughout the neuroaxis. They have round to oval nuclei, and take their name from their numerous star-like processes. Traditionally, they have been divided into protoplasmic astrocytes found mainly in the grey matter, and fibrous astrocytes present in both grey and white matter ...
... Astrocytes are found throughout the neuroaxis. They have round to oval nuclei, and take their name from their numerous star-like processes. Traditionally, they have been divided into protoplasmic astrocytes found mainly in the grey matter, and fibrous astrocytes present in both grey and white matter ...
reciprocal inhibition in the motor nervous system of the nematode
... interneurons. The VI neurons also have commissures; however, their output regions lie in the ventral cord where they synapse onto the ventral musculature; VI dendrites are in the dorsal cord where they receive anatomically defined synaptic input from all three types of DE neurons (J. E. Donmoyer, P. ...
... interneurons. The VI neurons also have commissures; however, their output regions lie in the ventral cord where they synapse onto the ventral musculature; VI dendrites are in the dorsal cord where they receive anatomically defined synaptic input from all three types of DE neurons (J. E. Donmoyer, P. ...
A Short Review Quiz Together
... Neurons that are not needed have a programmed death. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers and toes apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. ...
... Neurons that are not needed have a programmed death. For example, the differentiation of fingers and toes in a developing human embryo occurs because cells between the fingers and toes apoptose; the result is that the digits are separate. ...
MS Word Version
... receptors, causing neurons to fire action potentials, and smooth muscle to contract. ...
... receptors, causing neurons to fire action potentials, and smooth muscle to contract. ...
nervous system
... – the ending (presynaptic) cell secretes a chemical signal, a neurotransmitter, – the neurotransmitter crosses the synaptic cleft, and – the neurotransmitter binds to a specific receptor on the surface of the receiving (postsynaptic) cell. ...
... – the ending (presynaptic) cell secretes a chemical signal, a neurotransmitter, – the neurotransmitter crosses the synaptic cleft, and – the neurotransmitter binds to a specific receptor on the surface of the receiving (postsynaptic) cell. ...
Lecture 3 Review
... Most neurons are contacted by thousands of axons. If the PSPs from two or more of these axons occur together, then the PSPs will sum together. This is called summation. There are two types of summation: spatial summation and temporal summation. You should know the differences between these types of ...
... Most neurons are contacted by thousands of axons. If the PSPs from two or more of these axons occur together, then the PSPs will sum together. This is called summation. There are two types of summation: spatial summation and temporal summation. You should know the differences between these types of ...
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... (feedback) Extrastriate visual cortical areas V3 – V5. More complex representation of visual stimulus with feedback from other cortical areas (eg. attention). ...
... (feedback) Extrastriate visual cortical areas V3 – V5. More complex representation of visual stimulus with feedback from other cortical areas (eg. attention). ...
Outline14 Efferent NS
... (3) motor end plate - axon terminals secrete ACh into the synaptic cleft nicotinic cholinergic receptors at the motor end plate binding of ACh open cation channels → strong EPSP → exceeds threshold → muscle AP B. Autonomic Division (ANS) - involuntary control of autonomic effectors (visceral organs, ...
... (3) motor end plate - axon terminals secrete ACh into the synaptic cleft nicotinic cholinergic receptors at the motor end plate binding of ACh open cation channels → strong EPSP → exceeds threshold → muscle AP B. Autonomic Division (ANS) - involuntary control of autonomic effectors (visceral organs, ...
Transient information flow in a network of excitatory and inhibitory
... models, that perform computation using transient activity (as opposed to convergence to a stable state), are sometimes referred to as models of computation with dynamic states. The idea underlying those models is that the instantaneous state of the network provides a rich reservoir of non-linear spa ...
... models, that perform computation using transient activity (as opposed to convergence to a stable state), are sometimes referred to as models of computation with dynamic states. The idea underlying those models is that the instantaneous state of the network provides a rich reservoir of non-linear spa ...
- Lorentz Center
... by the intrinsic properties of the cell. The Fourier transform of the input (external + feedback) is given by Xi(). ...
... by the intrinsic properties of the cell. The Fourier transform of the input (external + feedback) is given by Xi(). ...
Neurophysiological foundations of sleep, arousal, awareness and
... and ponto-geniculo-occipital waves can registered following arousal (activation of these structures). This phase is characterised by inhibition of motor neurons (activation of glycinergic intermediate neurons of the spinal cord, which inhibit α motoneurons), activation of the limbic system, increase ...
... and ponto-geniculo-occipital waves can registered following arousal (activation of these structures). This phase is characterised by inhibition of motor neurons (activation of glycinergic intermediate neurons of the spinal cord, which inhibit α motoneurons), activation of the limbic system, increase ...
Sheet#6 Motor system
... *Motor neurons are present in the anterior gray horn of the spinal cord (where a neuron cell body is found), the axon of each neuron then travels to muscles for excitation. -Small motor unit >>>control small fibers and big motor unit>>>control big fibers. *There are several ways a motor neuron can b ...
... *Motor neurons are present in the anterior gray horn of the spinal cord (where a neuron cell body is found), the axon of each neuron then travels to muscles for excitation. -Small motor unit >>>control small fibers and big motor unit>>>control big fibers. *There are several ways a motor neuron can b ...
• - Frankfort-Schuyler Central School District
... As embryogenesis proceeds, the most profound changes in the human brain occur in the telencephalon, the region of the forebrain that gives rise to the adult cerebrum. o Rapid growth of the telencephalon causes the outer portion of the cerebrum, called the cerebral cortex, to extend over and around m ...
... As embryogenesis proceeds, the most profound changes in the human brain occur in the telencephalon, the region of the forebrain that gives rise to the adult cerebrum. o Rapid growth of the telencephalon causes the outer portion of the cerebrum, called the cerebral cortex, to extend over and around m ...
Class Notes
... As embryogenesis proceeds, the most profound changes in the human brain occur in the telencephalon, the region of the forebrain that gives rise to the adult cerebrum. o Rapid growth of the telencephalon causes the outer portion of the cerebrum, called the cerebral cortex, to extend over and around m ...
... As embryogenesis proceeds, the most profound changes in the human brain occur in the telencephalon, the region of the forebrain that gives rise to the adult cerebrum. o Rapid growth of the telencephalon causes the outer portion of the cerebrum, called the cerebral cortex, to extend over and around m ...
The Nervous System
... hemispheres) The left hemisphere controls the right side of your body and the right hemisphere controls the left side of your body. 2. Cerebellum: controls your balance 3. Medulla: receives signals from blood vessels and controls blood pressure, heart rate, and involuntary breathing. ...
... hemispheres) The left hemisphere controls the right side of your body and the right hemisphere controls the left side of your body. 2. Cerebellum: controls your balance 3. Medulla: receives signals from blood vessels and controls blood pressure, heart rate, and involuntary breathing. ...
Introductory chapter
... one another the experiences of everyday life. The farmer conjures up pastoral images, acres of wheat swaying in a gentle breeze, the sweet smells of spring, and the songs of the birds. The city dweller recounts scenes of thousands of people emerging from the train station, the inescapable odors of t ...
... one another the experiences of everyday life. The farmer conjures up pastoral images, acres of wheat swaying in a gentle breeze, the sweet smells of spring, and the songs of the birds. The city dweller recounts scenes of thousands of people emerging from the train station, the inescapable odors of t ...
09_chapter_3
... wavelet coefficients with the four different target directions ( D118 - rightward, D120 downward, D122 - leftward, D124 - upward) associated with P4 . Each subplot shows the p.d.f.s of one wavelet coefficient conditioned on four target directions. Note that the conditional p.d.f.s from different cla ...
... wavelet coefficients with the four different target directions ( D118 - rightward, D120 downward, D122 - leftward, D124 - upward) associated with P4 . Each subplot shows the p.d.f.s of one wavelet coefficient conditioned on four target directions. Note that the conditional p.d.f.s from different cla ...
CYTOARCHITECTURE OF CEREBRAL CORTEX
... • Connexins • Transporters: plasma membrane; vesicular • Others ...
... • Connexins • Transporters: plasma membrane; vesicular • Others ...
Chapter 48 PowerPoint 2016 - Spring
... to a change in membrane potential • When a stimulus depolarizes the membrane, Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ to diffuse into the cell • The movement of Na+ into the cell increases the depolarization and causes even more Na+ channels to open • A strong stimulus results in a massive change in membran ...
... to a change in membrane potential • When a stimulus depolarizes the membrane, Na+ channels open, allowing Na+ to diffuse into the cell • The movement of Na+ into the cell increases the depolarization and causes even more Na+ channels to open • A strong stimulus results in a massive change in membran ...
State-dependent computations - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced
... pebble thrown into a pond will create a spatiotemporal pattern of ripples, and the pattern produced by any subsequent pebbles will be a complex nonlinear function of the interaction of the stimulus (the pebble) with the internal state of the liquid (the pattern of ripples when the pebble makes conta ...
... pebble thrown into a pond will create a spatiotemporal pattern of ripples, and the pattern produced by any subsequent pebbles will be a complex nonlinear function of the interaction of the stimulus (the pebble) with the internal state of the liquid (the pattern of ripples when the pebble makes conta ...
UNDERSTANDING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL CHANGES IN TERMS OF NERNST POTENTIALS:
... conductance to sodium goes back to its original value, the membrane potential will return to the resting potential. If the neuron is at resting potential (-70mV) and the conductance to potassium increases, the membrane potential will be hyperpolarized (it will move toward -90mV). Transmission along ...
... conductance to sodium goes back to its original value, the membrane potential will return to the resting potential. If the neuron is at resting potential (-70mV) and the conductance to potassium increases, the membrane potential will be hyperpolarized (it will move toward -90mV). Transmission along ...
Canonical Neural Computation: A Summary and a Roadmap A
... are all computed by the a basic laminar circuit that is roughly duplicated throughout the brain with, so far as we can tell, only relatively modest variation (Douglas & Martin, 2004). Having identified canonical computations that mediate key aspects of perception and cognition, we are now poised to ...
... are all computed by the a basic laminar circuit that is roughly duplicated throughout the brain with, so far as we can tell, only relatively modest variation (Douglas & Martin, 2004). Having identified canonical computations that mediate key aspects of perception and cognition, we are now poised to ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.