Limbic System
... the septum pellucidum. They are continuous with the “septal region”, which is located on the medial brain surface. The fornix, the output pathway of the hippocampal formation, is also located on this brain view, although not numbered. In the cut-away view, locate the amygdala and its output pathways ...
... the septum pellucidum. They are continuous with the “septal region”, which is located on the medial brain surface. The fornix, the output pathway of the hippocampal formation, is also located on this brain view, although not numbered. In the cut-away view, locate the amygdala and its output pathways ...
NAlab13_LimbicSystem..
... the septum pellucidum. They are continuous with the “septal region”, which is located on the medial brain surface. The fornix, the output pathway of the hippocampal formation, is also located on this brain view, although not numbered. In the cut-away view, locate the amygdala and its output pathways ...
... the septum pellucidum. They are continuous with the “septal region”, which is located on the medial brain surface. The fornix, the output pathway of the hippocampal formation, is also located on this brain view, although not numbered. In the cut-away view, locate the amygdala and its output pathways ...
PDF file
... can latexplained how top-down attentional enhancement in erally propagate along a traced curve, and also how contrast-sen. Weng et al. 2007 sitive perceptual grouping is carried out in [15] reported performance of the laminar cortical architecture for classification and recognition, and Weng et al. ...
... can latexplained how top-down attentional enhancement in erally propagate along a traced curve, and also how contrast-sen. Weng et al. 2007 sitive perceptual grouping is carried out in [15] reported performance of the laminar cortical architecture for classification and recognition, and Weng et al. ...
Motor disorders
... vermis modulates with the step cycle during walking. Simple spike firing in the intermediate zone can be related to the pattern of muscle activity. Activity in the intermediate Figure 6. Recording of simple and complex spikes and lateral zones has been shown to relate to movement from a Purkinje cel ...
... vermis modulates with the step cycle during walking. Simple spike firing in the intermediate zone can be related to the pattern of muscle activity. Activity in the intermediate Figure 6. Recording of simple and complex spikes and lateral zones has been shown to relate to movement from a Purkinje cel ...
Probing scale interaction in brain dynamics through synchronization
... The mammalian brain operates in multiple spatial scales simultaneously, ranging from the microscopic scale of single neurons through the mesoscopic scale of cortical columns, to the macroscopic scale of brain areas. These levels of description are associated with distinct temporal scales, ranging fr ...
... The mammalian brain operates in multiple spatial scales simultaneously, ranging from the microscopic scale of single neurons through the mesoscopic scale of cortical columns, to the macroscopic scale of brain areas. These levels of description are associated with distinct temporal scales, ranging fr ...
- Hayden Lab
... Please cite this article in press as: Strait et al., Reward Value Comparison via Mutual Inhibition in Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex, Neuron (2014), http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.032 ...
... Please cite this article in press as: Strait et al., Reward Value Comparison via Mutual Inhibition in Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex, Neuron (2014), http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.04.032 ...
Cell type-specific pharmacology of NMDA receptors using masked
... NMDA receptors throughout the brain, it is hard to target drugs to a specific cell type. Also, genetic engineering can be used to selectively knock out NMDA receptors in certain types of brain cells, but these techniques are too slow, and can take weeks or even a lifetime to work. Now, Yang et al. h ...
... NMDA receptors throughout the brain, it is hard to target drugs to a specific cell type. Also, genetic engineering can be used to selectively knock out NMDA receptors in certain types of brain cells, but these techniques are too slow, and can take weeks or even a lifetime to work. Now, Yang et al. h ...
Difficult Vomiting Disorders: Therapy. In: Proceedings of the
... that ultimately synapse in the CRTZ or emetic center. Cats and dogs experience motion sickness, although the neuroanatomy and pharmacology appear to be somewhat different between the two species. Histaminergic neurons and the CRTZ are involved in motion sickness in the dog, whereas neither are invol ...
... that ultimately synapse in the CRTZ or emetic center. Cats and dogs experience motion sickness, although the neuroanatomy and pharmacology appear to be somewhat different between the two species. Histaminergic neurons and the CRTZ are involved in motion sickness in the dog, whereas neither are invol ...
chemical senses - (canvas.brown.edu).
... I. TRUE or FALSE. Circle the appropriate letter. T F 1. Gustatory receptors are neurons. T F 2. The vagus nerve conveys gustatory signals originating from the oropharynx and upper esophogus. T F 3. The thalamic terminations of the ascending taste pathways lie in the ventral nuclear group, near the t ...
... I. TRUE or FALSE. Circle the appropriate letter. T F 1. Gustatory receptors are neurons. T F 2. The vagus nerve conveys gustatory signals originating from the oropharynx and upper esophogus. T F 3. The thalamic terminations of the ascending taste pathways lie in the ventral nuclear group, near the t ...
Endocrine glands
... • Wernicke’s aphasia - condition resulting from damage to Wernicke’s area (usually in left temporal lobe), causing the affected person to be unable to understand or produce meaningful language. • Spatial neglect - condition produced by damage to the association areas of the right hemisphere resultin ...
... • Wernicke’s aphasia - condition resulting from damage to Wernicke’s area (usually in left temporal lobe), causing the affected person to be unable to understand or produce meaningful language. • Spatial neglect - condition produced by damage to the association areas of the right hemisphere resultin ...
CHEMICAL SENSES: SMELL AND TASTE Smell = Olfaction
... - each taste bud contains from 20-50 receptor cells, arranged a bit like the segments of an orange. - dissolved chemicals in the saliva reach the cilia of receptor cells - food molecules bind to specific receptor cells and open ion channels which produce “receptor potentials” - receptor potentials p ...
... - each taste bud contains from 20-50 receptor cells, arranged a bit like the segments of an orange. - dissolved chemicals in the saliva reach the cilia of receptor cells - food molecules bind to specific receptor cells and open ion channels which produce “receptor potentials” - receptor potentials p ...
Roger Sperry`s Classic Experiment (1940`s)
... Frog behavior: Dangle a lure frog will grab it with its tongue. ...
... Frog behavior: Dangle a lure frog will grab it with its tongue. ...
slides
... • The AER communication protocol emulates massive connectivity between cells by time-multiplexing many connections on the same data bus. • For a one-to-one connection topology, the required number of wires is reduced from N to ∼ log2 N . • Each spike is represented by: ◦ Its location: explicitly enc ...
... • The AER communication protocol emulates massive connectivity between cells by time-multiplexing many connections on the same data bus. • For a one-to-one connection topology, the required number of wires is reduced from N to ∼ log2 N . • Each spike is represented by: ◦ Its location: explicitly enc ...
Full text
... proposed as an alternative/support to surgery, especially when spinal cord or peripheral nerves are damaged [3]. However, while LESS [22] and, even more, LPLT (see below) have been found to evoke beneficial effects when used to stimulate injured tissues and/or organs, the exact mechanism(s) leading ...
... proposed as an alternative/support to surgery, especially when spinal cord or peripheral nerves are damaged [3]. However, while LESS [22] and, even more, LPLT (see below) have been found to evoke beneficial effects when used to stimulate injured tissues and/or organs, the exact mechanism(s) leading ...
VIEW PDF - Glaucoma Today
... degeneration in the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways in experimental glaucoma as they relate to motion and red/green visual deficits in the disease process.12 Although it is not yet known what mechanisms are involved or whether apoptosis is the dominant mechanism, oxidative damage seemingly ...
... degeneration in the magnocellular and parvocellular pathways in experimental glaucoma as they relate to motion and red/green visual deficits in the disease process.12 Although it is not yet known what mechanisms are involved or whether apoptosis is the dominant mechanism, oxidative damage seemingly ...
Report - Ben Hayden
... To test this hypothesis, we studied the responses of single neurons, as well as the effects of microstimulation, in CGp in monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden ...
... To test this hypothesis, we studied the responses of single neurons, as well as the effects of microstimulation, in CGp in monkeys performing a gambling task. Monkeys prefer the risky option in this task, but their local pattern of choices strongly depends on the most recent reward obtained (Hayden ...
35 | the nervous system
... contains a specialized structure, the axon hillock that integrates signals from multiple synapses and serves as a junction between the cell body and an axon. An axon is a tube-like structure that propagates the integrated signal to specialized endings called axon terminals. These terminals in turn s ...
... contains a specialized structure, the axon hillock that integrates signals from multiple synapses and serves as a junction between the cell body and an axon. An axon is a tube-like structure that propagates the integrated signal to specialized endings called axon terminals. These terminals in turn s ...
Modeling and Detecting Deep Brain Activity with MEG
... Parkinson, Huntington and Alzheimer diseases, etc.). They form with the cortex a dense array of interconnected functional networks that are essential to be explored using functional brain imaging. The millisecond time resolution asset of MEG and EEG source imaging is unfortunately compensated by the ...
... Parkinson, Huntington and Alzheimer diseases, etc.). They form with the cortex a dense array of interconnected functional networks that are essential to be explored using functional brain imaging. The millisecond time resolution asset of MEG and EEG source imaging is unfortunately compensated by the ...
The Nervous System
... • Bipolar neurons—one axon and one dendrite • Located in special sense organs such as nose and eye • Rare in adults ...
... • Bipolar neurons—one axon and one dendrite • Located in special sense organs such as nose and eye • Rare in adults ...
Descision making
... • Neuroanatomical substrates of decision making: Orbitofrontal cortex (within the prefrontal cortex): Responsible for processing, evaluating and filtering social and emotional information for appropriate decision making abilities. It is seen to be involved because of on-line rapid evaluation of stim ...
... • Neuroanatomical substrates of decision making: Orbitofrontal cortex (within the prefrontal cortex): Responsible for processing, evaluating and filtering social and emotional information for appropriate decision making abilities. It is seen to be involved because of on-line rapid evaluation of stim ...
SELF AND OTHER
... Even when we think we are in control . . . We are generally acting several hundred milliseconds after we act (a lifetime in terms of survival of the quickest –as in catching prey or evading predators) "cognitions" are frequently after-the-fact rationalizations of phenomena which take place in non-ve ...
... Even when we think we are in control . . . We are generally acting several hundred milliseconds after we act (a lifetime in terms of survival of the quickest –as in catching prey or evading predators) "cognitions" are frequently after-the-fact rationalizations of phenomena which take place in non-ve ...
ChapTer 3 - Physicians for Social Responsibility
... sheer density. Neurons connect to one another at microscopic points of contact, known as synapses, where signals are transmitted through the release of neurotransmitters. Each individual neuron can have anywhere from a handful to several thousand synapses with other ...
... sheer density. Neurons connect to one another at microscopic points of contact, known as synapses, where signals are transmitted through the release of neurotransmitters. Each individual neuron can have anywhere from a handful to several thousand synapses with other ...
The avian `prefrontal cortex` and cognition - Ruhr-Universität
... identical to PFC, the avian NCL is a convergence zone between the ascending sensory and the descending motor systems. In addition, the NCL and PFC resemble each other in terms of their connections with the amygdala, the accumbens, visceral structures [19,20] and diverse chemically defined afferent s ...
... identical to PFC, the avian NCL is a convergence zone between the ascending sensory and the descending motor systems. In addition, the NCL and PFC resemble each other in terms of their connections with the amygdala, the accumbens, visceral structures [19,20] and diverse chemically defined afferent s ...
Dynamic Stochastic Synapses as Computational Units
... Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A. ...
... Salk Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, U.S.A. ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.