Chapter 14
... impairment on spatial memory, but enough damage to only the R hemisphere is sufficient – R hippocampal formation is activated when a person is remembering or performing a navigational task – Damage to this area also impairs ability to learn spatial arrangement of objects ...
... impairment on spatial memory, but enough damage to only the R hemisphere is sufficient – R hippocampal formation is activated when a person is remembering or performing a navigational task – Damage to this area also impairs ability to learn spatial arrangement of objects ...
Anterograde amnesia
... impairment on spatial memory, but enough damage to only the R hemisphere is sufficient – R hippocampal formation is activated when a person is remembering or performing a navigational task – Damage to this area also impairs ability to learn spatial arrangement of objects ...
... impairment on spatial memory, but enough damage to only the R hemisphere is sufficient – R hippocampal formation is activated when a person is remembering or performing a navigational task – Damage to this area also impairs ability to learn spatial arrangement of objects ...
NEURONS AS BIOANTENNAS
... However, none of these models had up to now a significant experimental verification. Our researches began with a tentative experimental set-up constituted by two networks of human neural stem cells cultured on separated MEAs (Micro Electrode Arrays). One of the MEAs was stimulated with a laser emiss ...
... However, none of these models had up to now a significant experimental verification. Our researches began with a tentative experimental set-up constituted by two networks of human neural stem cells cultured on separated MEAs (Micro Electrode Arrays). One of the MEAs was stimulated with a laser emiss ...
A Biologically Inspired Visuo-Motor Control Model based on a Deflationary
... – Mirror neurons code an expected perception; – Mirror neurons compare the expected perception representation with the actual perception. As we will argue below, this interpretation enables one to account for the following biological data: – mirror neuron are active in the same way during both execu ...
... – Mirror neurons code an expected perception; – Mirror neurons compare the expected perception representation with the actual perception. As we will argue below, this interpretation enables one to account for the following biological data: – mirror neuron are active in the same way during both execu ...
FEATURE ARTICLE Summation of Unitary IPSPs
... specific interactions between afferents targeting closely situated membrane domains have already been detected between two inputs, although sublinearity was moderate. Simultaneous activation of many co-aligned inputs might lead to more significant nonlinear interactions, especially in compartments o ...
... specific interactions between afferents targeting closely situated membrane domains have already been detected between two inputs, although sublinearity was moderate. Simultaneous activation of many co-aligned inputs might lead to more significant nonlinear interactions, especially in compartments o ...
Correlated neuronal activity and the flow of neural information
... • Such 0.1Hz oscillations used to be attributed to so-called vaso-motion, of the sort seen in in-vivo optical measurements. Any vascular modulation could lead to CBF variations. If this is the case, the modulation is not likely due to the local neuronal activity, but some signal to the vascular syst ...
... • Such 0.1Hz oscillations used to be attributed to so-called vaso-motion, of the sort seen in in-vivo optical measurements. Any vascular modulation could lead to CBF variations. If this is the case, the modulation is not likely due to the local neuronal activity, but some signal to the vascular syst ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom body was investigated by analyzing modulations of odor responses of feedback neurons during olfactory learning i ...
... Within the mushroom bodies c-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-immunoreactive feedback neurons are the most prominent neuron group. The plasticity of inhibitory neural activity within the mushroom body was investigated by analyzing modulations of odor responses of feedback neurons during olfactory learning i ...
Commentary on slides for lecture 15
... that contains very fine muscle fibers, the intrafusal fibers, and the endings of neurons located in the dorsal root ganglia, the Ia afferent fibers. The intrafusal fibers are arranged in parallel with the main or extrafusal muscle fibers but do not contribute to the work done by the muscle. Instead, ...
... that contains very fine muscle fibers, the intrafusal fibers, and the endings of neurons located in the dorsal root ganglia, the Ia afferent fibers. The intrafusal fibers are arranged in parallel with the main or extrafusal muscle fibers but do not contribute to the work done by the muscle. Instead, ...
REFLEX ARCS - Anatomy.tv
... A reflex is a rapid, involuntary sequence of actions that occur in response to a specific stimulus. A reflex arc is the neural pathway by which a reflex is mediated. It is composed of a sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron. 1. Sensory receptor A reflex begins when sensory receptors are acti ...
... A reflex is a rapid, involuntary sequence of actions that occur in response to a specific stimulus. A reflex arc is the neural pathway by which a reflex is mediated. It is composed of a sensory neuron, interneuron, and motor neuron. 1. Sensory receptor A reflex begins when sensory receptors are acti ...
A Stereoscopic Look at Visual Cortex
... selectivity for relative disparity. These two studies are therefore consistent in providing evidence that signals in the dorsal stream do not directly support the final stages of stereoscopic perception. The fMRI study, moreover, is consistent with the already cited IT study (Janssen et al. 2003) in ...
... selectivity for relative disparity. These two studies are therefore consistent in providing evidence that signals in the dorsal stream do not directly support the final stages of stereoscopic perception. The fMRI study, moreover, is consistent with the already cited IT study (Janssen et al. 2003) in ...
The CEMI Field Theory
... The starting point for most EM field theories of consciousness is the increasing evidence that synchronous firing of neurons is a strong correlate of conscious perception. For instance, work in the early 1990s by Wolf Singer and colleagues demonstrated that neurons in the monkey brain that responded ...
... The starting point for most EM field theories of consciousness is the increasing evidence that synchronous firing of neurons is a strong correlate of conscious perception. For instance, work in the early 1990s by Wolf Singer and colleagues demonstrated that neurons in the monkey brain that responded ...
Abstract
... Chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) share several key features including symptoms of disrupted colonic motility and visceral pain. To better understand and treat these conditions, it is necessary to elucidate the neural ...
... Chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) share several key features including symptoms of disrupted colonic motility and visceral pain. To better understand and treat these conditions, it is necessary to elucidate the neural ...
Reelin and apolipoprotein E receptor 2 in the embryonic and mature
... burst of repetitive firing in pre-synaptic cells leads to a change in synaptic behaviour such that a subsequent single pre-synaptic action potential evokes a greatly increased response in the post-synaptic cells. This effect, known as long-term potentiation (LTP), may last for months or longer and i ...
... burst of repetitive firing in pre-synaptic cells leads to a change in synaptic behaviour such that a subsequent single pre-synaptic action potential evokes a greatly increased response in the post-synaptic cells. This effect, known as long-term potentiation (LTP), may last for months or longer and i ...
DOC
... higher organizational stages within the secondary visual areas (Felleman & Van Essen, 1991). Beyond the primary and secondary visual areas, retinotopic influence on neuronal responses becomes difficult to detect (Desimone & Gross, 1979; Nakamura et al., 1994). The alternative considerations are whet ...
... higher organizational stages within the secondary visual areas (Felleman & Van Essen, 1991). Beyond the primary and secondary visual areas, retinotopic influence on neuronal responses becomes difficult to detect (Desimone & Gross, 1979; Nakamura et al., 1994). The alternative considerations are whet ...
Nervous System Test File
... 1. The nervous system exhibits all of these functions EXCEPT: a. monitoring change b. integrating impulses c. storing calcium d. effecting responses 2. The term “central nervous system” refers to the: a. autonomic nervous system b. brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves c. spinal cord and spinal n ...
... 1. The nervous system exhibits all of these functions EXCEPT: a. monitoring change b. integrating impulses c. storing calcium d. effecting responses 2. The term “central nervous system” refers to the: a. autonomic nervous system b. brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves c. spinal cord and spinal n ...
An oscillation-based model for the neuronal basis
... modulated, their postsynaptic interneurons in V4 will inhibit the response of the green pyramidal cell in V4. Because green cells in VI are not frequency-modulated (they are outside the spotlight of attention), the associated V4 inhibitory interneurons will respond only little. Thus, in the competit ...
... modulated, their postsynaptic interneurons in V4 will inhibit the response of the green pyramidal cell in V4. Because green cells in VI are not frequency-modulated (they are outside the spotlight of attention), the associated V4 inhibitory interneurons will respond only little. Thus, in the competit ...
The Auditory System
... It is also noteworthy that the AC and MGN project to the amygdala; as we’ll see later this permits sounds to be linked with dangerous stimuli (fear conditioning for conditioned avoidance). ...
... It is also noteworthy that the AC and MGN project to the amygdala; as we’ll see later this permits sounds to be linked with dangerous stimuli (fear conditioning for conditioned avoidance). ...
Regulation Systems: Nervous and Endocrine Systems
... A nerve cell will either fire or not fire – once the impulse begins, it will continue down the cell ...
... A nerve cell will either fire or not fire – once the impulse begins, it will continue down the cell ...
Michael Arbib: CS564 - Brain Theory and Artificial Intelligence
... The Many Oculomotor Systems Each can be studied in isolation, but in normal conditions several of these systems will work together to ensure coordinated movements: cooperative computation at the level of motor control. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) uses the semicircular canals to monitor accele ...
... The Many Oculomotor Systems Each can be studied in isolation, but in normal conditions several of these systems will work together to ensure coordinated movements: cooperative computation at the level of motor control. The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) uses the semicircular canals to monitor accele ...
Schwann cells
... Axon hillock—cone-shaped area from which axon arises Clusters of cell bodies are called nuclei in the CNS, ganglia ...
... Axon hillock—cone-shaped area from which axon arises Clusters of cell bodies are called nuclei in the CNS, ganglia ...
Minireview Embarrassed, but Not Depressed: Eye Opening Lessons
... alone cannot fully account for conditioning. A Role for the Olivo-Cerebellar Loop in Extinction A recent paper by Medina et al. (2002) has linked the phenomenon of extinction to the recurrent circuit from the inferior olive to the cerebellar cortex and, via inhibitory neurons in the deep nucleus, ba ...
... alone cannot fully account for conditioning. A Role for the Olivo-Cerebellar Loop in Extinction A recent paper by Medina et al. (2002) has linked the phenomenon of extinction to the recurrent circuit from the inferior olive to the cerebellar cortex and, via inhibitory neurons in the deep nucleus, ba ...
PDF
... One of the first actor –critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, whereas matrix modules function as an actor. Striosomal modules comprise of striatal striosomes, subthalamic ...
... One of the first actor –critic models of the basal ganglia was presented by Houk et al. (1995). This model suggests that striosomal modules fulfill the main functions of the adaptive critic, whereas matrix modules function as an actor. Striosomal modules comprise of striatal striosomes, subthalamic ...
4-CPG1
... Where do we start? In “simple” motor systems (insects, molluscs, crustacea), central pattern generators have identical architectures in all animals of the same species. They are typically distributed throughout the body and form a distributed coordinated network of activity. They also receive high ...
... Where do we start? In “simple” motor systems (insects, molluscs, crustacea), central pattern generators have identical architectures in all animals of the same species. They are typically distributed throughout the body and form a distributed coordinated network of activity. They also receive high ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.