Fast Readout of Object Identity from Macaque Inferior Temporal Cortex
... shows the cross-validated performance of classifiers in performing this categorization task as a function of the number of recording sites (30). The spiking activity of 256 randomly selected multi-unit activity (MUA) sites was sufficient to categorize the objects with 94 T 4% accuracy (mean T SD; fo ...
... shows the cross-validated performance of classifiers in performing this categorization task as a function of the number of recording sites (30). The spiking activity of 256 randomly selected multi-unit activity (MUA) sites was sufficient to categorize the objects with 94 T 4% accuracy (mean T SD; fo ...
CNS
... the basal ganglia (caudate nuclei and putamen) • Mediate movement • Loss = parkinsons • Ventral tegmental area neurons project to the prefrontal cortex & limbic system • Reinforces behaviors associated with pleasure ...
... the basal ganglia (caudate nuclei and putamen) • Mediate movement • Loss = parkinsons • Ventral tegmental area neurons project to the prefrontal cortex & limbic system • Reinforces behaviors associated with pleasure ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
... emerge (reviewed in Gibbon et al.(11) and Meck(34)). The basal ganglia, a set of subcortical brain nuclei traditionally considered important for motor functioning,(35–37) are now also thought to be involved in a variety of cognitive and motivational processes,(38 – 40) and appear to be critical for ...
... emerge (reviewed in Gibbon et al.(11) and Meck(34)). The basal ganglia, a set of subcortical brain nuclei traditionally considered important for motor functioning,(35–37) are now also thought to be involved in a variety of cognitive and motivational processes,(38 – 40) and appear to be critical for ...
Lecture 1 - TeachLine
... both cells such that A's efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased” ...
... both cells such that A's efficiency, as one of the cells firing B, is increased” ...
Insect olfactory memory in time and space
... cuticle. Consistent with previous studies [5,9], they observed that different odors stimulated synaptic release in groups of glomeruli that were unique to each odor tested but conserved among flies. This was observed when synaptic release was monitored from olfactory receptor neurons, GABAergic inte ...
... cuticle. Consistent with previous studies [5,9], they observed that different odors stimulated synaptic release in groups of glomeruli that were unique to each odor tested but conserved among flies. This was observed when synaptic release was monitored from olfactory receptor neurons, GABAergic inte ...
EN Sokolov`s Neural Model of Stimuli as Neuro
... and react to certain physical impacts of stimuli as signals. Receptors are in turn associated with selective detectors – neurons selectively responding to certain stimuli – and this connection can be either direct or, as shown, mediated by the predetectors. Selective detectors operate by the followi ...
... and react to certain physical impacts of stimuli as signals. Receptors are in turn associated with selective detectors – neurons selectively responding to certain stimuli – and this connection can be either direct or, as shown, mediated by the predetectors. Selective detectors operate by the followi ...
9.01 Introduction to Neuroscience MIT OpenCourseWare Fall 2007
... • Swimming, walking, running, chewing,.. ...
... • Swimming, walking, running, chewing,.. ...
Mirror neurons or emulator neurons?
... further goal, than when the action was presented alone, and the authors also found evidence for differential activation for the two intentions within the same region. ...
... further goal, than when the action was presented alone, and the authors also found evidence for differential activation for the two intentions within the same region. ...
Spikes not slots: noise in neural populations limits
... Population coding is a method of encoding information in the combined activity of a pool of neurons [61,62]. The firing rate of each neuron is determined by a tuning function (Figure IA) with a peak at a ‘preferred’ value that differs from neuron to neuron. This coding strategy is common throughout ...
... Population coding is a method of encoding information in the combined activity of a pool of neurons [61,62]. The firing rate of each neuron is determined by a tuning function (Figure IA) with a peak at a ‘preferred’ value that differs from neuron to neuron. This coding strategy is common throughout ...
Circuits through prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, and ventral anterior
... To inject tracers in the VA a small hole was made above the injection site for penetration of the injection needle. We injected fast blue (0.3 l), fluororuby (3 or 4 l) or fluoroemerald (5 l) in the VA. Subcortical injections must traverse the white matter and other structures en route to the inj ...
... To inject tracers in the VA a small hole was made above the injection site for penetration of the injection needle. We injected fast blue (0.3 l), fluororuby (3 or 4 l) or fluoroemerald (5 l) in the VA. Subcortical injections must traverse the white matter and other structures en route to the inj ...
Ch 12. Executive Functions and Frontal Lobes Introduction
... What memory functions are associated with prefrontal cortex? How do these mnemonic functions differ from other types of memory? Compared to the visual cortex, it has been difficult to identify subregions of the prefrontal cortex. What are some of the current hypotheses concerning functional speciali ...
... What memory functions are associated with prefrontal cortex? How do these mnemonic functions differ from other types of memory? Compared to the visual cortex, it has been difficult to identify subregions of the prefrontal cortex. What are some of the current hypotheses concerning functional speciali ...
The Leech Homeobox Gene Lox4 May Determine Segmental
... ganglia. During gangliogenesis, Lox4 was expressed within this series of neurons in three different temporal patterns: (1) it was never expressed in the RPE homologs of ganglia l-3; (2) it was expressed in the RPEs during gangliogenesis, but was turned off when these neurons started to differentiate ...
... ganglia. During gangliogenesis, Lox4 was expressed within this series of neurons in three different temporal patterns: (1) it was never expressed in the RPE homologs of ganglia l-3; (2) it was expressed in the RPEs during gangliogenesis, but was turned off when these neurons started to differentiate ...
Symposium Poster - uospur
... project to a single glomerulus, where they synapse with mitral and tufted cells, which project axons to the cortex. • The glomeruli are arranged spatially in a stereotyped manner, forming identical maps in the left and right olfactory bulbs. Thus, each type of glomerulus is present on the two sides. ...
... project to a single glomerulus, where they synapse with mitral and tufted cells, which project axons to the cortex. • The glomeruli are arranged spatially in a stereotyped manner, forming identical maps in the left and right olfactory bulbs. Thus, each type of glomerulus is present on the two sides. ...
SOMATIC NERVOUS SYSTEM Composed of somatic parts of CNS
... innervate head, neck, body wall, limbs, and thoracic cavity follow one of the COURSES 1-3 and synapse with PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA o PRESYNAPTIC SYMPATHETIC FIBERS that innervate viscera within the abdominopelvic cavity follow COURSE 4 o When the postsynaptic neuron exits, it goes back to ventral rami ...
... innervate head, neck, body wall, limbs, and thoracic cavity follow one of the COURSES 1-3 and synapse with PARAVERTEBRAL GANGLIA o PRESYNAPTIC SYMPATHETIC FIBERS that innervate viscera within the abdominopelvic cavity follow COURSE 4 o When the postsynaptic neuron exits, it goes back to ventral rami ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
Computational models of reinforcement learning
... In computer sciences, reinforcement learning (RL) combines theories from machine learning, artificial intelligence and dynamic programming. It refers to the trial-and-error learning of the set of actions an agent must take to maximize future rewards or minimize punishments (Sutton and Barto 1998). R ...
... In computer sciences, reinforcement learning (RL) combines theories from machine learning, artificial intelligence and dynamic programming. It refers to the trial-and-error learning of the set of actions an agent must take to maximize future rewards or minimize punishments (Sutton and Barto 1998). R ...
Monkey and humans exhibit similar motion
... During the initial motion adaptation phase (30 s duration), observers were presented with a random dot stimulus moving either 458 to the left or 458 to the right of vertical (upwards) at a constant speed of 2.58 s21. The adapter direction was the same for all subsequent top-up phases. Both adapter a ...
... During the initial motion adaptation phase (30 s duration), observers were presented with a random dot stimulus moving either 458 to the left or 458 to the right of vertical (upwards) at a constant speed of 2.58 s21. The adapter direction was the same for all subsequent top-up phases. Both adapter a ...
Focus on Vocabulary Chapter 02
... misconceptions to get rid of (“one of the hardiest weeds in the garden of psychology”). Research into the association areas of the brain has shown that they do not have specific functions; rather, they are involved in many different operations such as interpreting, integrating, and acting on sensory ...
... misconceptions to get rid of (“one of the hardiest weeds in the garden of psychology”). Research into the association areas of the brain has shown that they do not have specific functions; rather, they are involved in many different operations such as interpreting, integrating, and acting on sensory ...
Chapter 11
... Na+ more concentrated outside & K+ more inside Inside more negative than outside Resting membrane potential -70mv ...
... Na+ more concentrated outside & K+ more inside Inside more negative than outside Resting membrane potential -70mv ...
A mathematical model on REM-NREM cycle
... The central nervous system [CNS] is composed entirely of two kinds of specialized cells: neurons and glia. Neurons are the basic information processing structures in the CNS. The function of a neuron is to receive INPUT ”information” from other neurons, to process that information, then to send ”inf ...
... The central nervous system [CNS] is composed entirely of two kinds of specialized cells: neurons and glia. Neurons are the basic information processing structures in the CNS. The function of a neuron is to receive INPUT ”information” from other neurons, to process that information, then to send ”inf ...
English - Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin
... sound is played repeatedly in a new context without anything bad happening, the mice shed their fear again. It returns immediately, however, if the sound is presented in the original, or even a completely novel context. Had the mice not unlearned to be frightened after all? The fact that fears can b ...
... sound is played repeatedly in a new context without anything bad happening, the mice shed their fear again. It returns immediately, however, if the sound is presented in the original, or even a completely novel context. Had the mice not unlearned to be frightened after all? The fact that fears can b ...
text
... A proportion of the neurons in an individual column in area MT behave like the typical complex cells in V1, as each cell will detect the motion of edges of a particular orientation in only one direction Fig 2). However, a significant proportion of neurons in an individual MT column are more complex ...
... A proportion of the neurons in an individual column in area MT behave like the typical complex cells in V1, as each cell will detect the motion of edges of a particular orientation in only one direction Fig 2). However, a significant proportion of neurons in an individual MT column are more complex ...
Bayesian Spiking Neurons II: Learning
... free parameter, the other parameters being constrained by the statistics of the synaptic input st . 3 Learning the Parameters In this section, we show that the parameters of the generative model, ron , roff , wi , θ , corresponding respectively to the temporal dynamics, synaptic weights, and bias, c ...
... free parameter, the other parameters being constrained by the statistics of the synaptic input st . 3 Learning the Parameters In this section, we show that the parameters of the generative model, ron , roff , wi , θ , corresponding respectively to the temporal dynamics, synaptic weights, and bias, c ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.