serotonergic modulation of swimming speed in the pteropod mollusc
... *Address for correspondence. ...
... *Address for correspondence. ...
Single-Neuron Responses in Humans during Execution and
... temporal lobe (MTL). Connections such as the uncinate fasciculus and other cortico-cortical white matter tracts between the MTL and motor regions in the frontal lobe exist [27–31]. Although there is some evidence for responses in the hippocampus during voluntary actions [32], unlike SMA, lesions in ...
... temporal lobe (MTL). Connections such as the uncinate fasciculus and other cortico-cortical white matter tracts between the MTL and motor regions in the frontal lobe exist [27–31]. Although there is some evidence for responses in the hippocampus during voluntary actions [32], unlike SMA, lesions in ...
lecture i - Tripod.com
... - are either reversible or dissociable – or else you lose temporal specificity/resolution - TOXINS are not reversible – thus they decrease the number of active receptors Two types of receptors - ligand-gated ion channel – direct effect; rapid activation, not affected by voltage changes, but will aff ...
... - are either reversible or dissociable – or else you lose temporal specificity/resolution - TOXINS are not reversible – thus they decrease the number of active receptors Two types of receptors - ligand-gated ion channel – direct effect; rapid activation, not affected by voltage changes, but will aff ...
Changes in GABA Modulation During a Theta Cycle May Be
... (Skaggs et al., 1996). Thus, oscillations in GABAB suppression, which may underlie experimentally observed changes in the strength of synaptic transmission (Wyble et al., 1997), may also optimize sequence disambiguation. Alternatively, synaptic depression due to previous transmission (Markram & Tsod ...
... (Skaggs et al., 1996). Thus, oscillations in GABAB suppression, which may underlie experimentally observed changes in the strength of synaptic transmission (Wyble et al., 1997), may also optimize sequence disambiguation. Alternatively, synaptic depression due to previous transmission (Markram & Tsod ...
Spinal Cord - Study Windsor
... What is Pain? “An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with ...
... What is Pain? “An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with ...
"Touch". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)
... locations in the papillary ridges that form the fingerprint patterns. The anatomical arrangement of these receptors in the fingertip skin provides a precise grid for detection of spatial features such as Braille dots. The hairy skin of the hand dorsum and the other parts of the body senses touch with ...
... locations in the papillary ridges that form the fingerprint patterns. The anatomical arrangement of these receptors in the fingertip skin provides a precise grid for detection of spatial features such as Braille dots. The hairy skin of the hand dorsum and the other parts of the body senses touch with ...
Horizontal Synaptic Connections in Monkey Prefrontal Cortex: An In
... cortex, suggesting that these connections do not have target cell selectivity (McGuire et al., 1991). In contrast, although the proportions of pyramidal to nonpyramidal neurons are similar in the monkey visual and prefrontal cortices, >95% of the horizontal connections in the PFC contact dendritic s ...
... cortex, suggesting that these connections do not have target cell selectivity (McGuire et al., 1991). In contrast, although the proportions of pyramidal to nonpyramidal neurons are similar in the monkey visual and prefrontal cortices, >95% of the horizontal connections in the PFC contact dendritic s ...
Nervous System I
... The function of a neuron is to transmit information from one part of the body to another. • This is done in the form of electrical impulses. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the ...
... The function of a neuron is to transmit information from one part of the body to another. • This is done in the form of electrical impulses. • An impulse arrives at the dendrite • When the impulse is strong enough, it depolarizes the membrane and the impulse is transmitted along the axon • When the ...
Grasping the Intentions of Others with One`s Own Mirror Neuron
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
... away? The aim of the present study is to investigate the neural basis of intention understanding in this sense and, more specifically, the role played by the human mirror neuron system in this type of intention understanding. The term ‘‘intention’’ will be always used in this specific sense, to indica ...
Glutamate-like immunoreactivity in axon terminals from the olfactory
... the piriform cortex is reduced following olfactory bulbectomy or transection of the lateral olfactory tract (Bradford and Richards, 1976). The present study was undertaken because to date there is no morphological information available regarding the neurotransmitter associated with this efferent pat ...
... the piriform cortex is reduced following olfactory bulbectomy or transection of the lateral olfactory tract (Bradford and Richards, 1976). The present study was undertaken because to date there is no morphological information available regarding the neurotransmitter associated with this efferent pat ...
A Maximum-Likelihood Approach to Modeling Multisensory
... where CM is the mean number of impulses evoked by the combined-modality stimulus in a given time interval, and SMmax refers to the response of the most effective single-modality stimulus (cf. [3]). Response enhancement in the DSC neurons can be quite impressive, with values of M RE sometimes reachin ...
... where CM is the mean number of impulses evoked by the combined-modality stimulus in a given time interval, and SMmax refers to the response of the most effective single-modality stimulus (cf. [3]). Response enhancement in the DSC neurons can be quite impressive, with values of M RE sometimes reachin ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 1-13: The axon is constricted at the peripheral node of Ranvier. Top panel: Low-power electron micrograph of a node of Ranvier in longitudinal section. Note the abrupt decrease in axon diameter and the attendant condensation of axoplasmic constituents in the paranodal and nodal regions of th ...
... FIGURE 1-13: The axon is constricted at the peripheral node of Ranvier. Top panel: Low-power electron micrograph of a node of Ranvier in longitudinal section. Note the abrupt decrease in axon diameter and the attendant condensation of axoplasmic constituents in the paranodal and nodal regions of th ...
Tyrosine Hydroxylase in the Rat Parabrachial Region: Ultrastructural
... Axons and axon terminals with TH-I comprised the remaining 83% (524 out of 625) of all labeled profiles in the dorsal, ventral, central, and external nuclei of the PBR. The axons were primarily small (0.1-0.2 pm in diameter) and unmyelinated (Fig. 4A). However, occasionally a slightly larger (0.3-0. ...
... Axons and axon terminals with TH-I comprised the remaining 83% (524 out of 625) of all labeled profiles in the dorsal, ventral, central, and external nuclei of the PBR. The axons were primarily small (0.1-0.2 pm in diameter) and unmyelinated (Fig. 4A). However, occasionally a slightly larger (0.3-0. ...
Paper - Department of Rehabilitation Sciences
... Question 1 • Direct electrical stimulation can be used to define functional domains in the brain, elicit stereotyped behavioral responses, drive self-stimulation behavior, and serve as conditioned or unconditioned stimuli in conditioning paradigms (1–4). This type of stimulation has typically been ...
... Question 1 • Direct electrical stimulation can be used to define functional domains in the brain, elicit stereotyped behavioral responses, drive self-stimulation behavior, and serve as conditioned or unconditioned stimuli in conditioning paradigms (1–4). This type of stimulation has typically been ...
Viewpoint - Columbia University
... stable. Finally, the common neuronal crossing time tc is different for each monkey, but nevertheless in both monkeys tc is close to the attentional switching time, despite significant differences in the attentional switching time of the two monkeys. Following the interpretation in Bisley and Goldber ...
... stable. Finally, the common neuronal crossing time tc is different for each monkey, but nevertheless in both monkeys tc is close to the attentional switching time, despite significant differences in the attentional switching time of the two monkeys. Following the interpretation in Bisley and Goldber ...
Three-dimensional reconstruction of the lentiform nucleus from
... this structure have not been reported previously. In this study we define a cheap and easy method for 3-D reconstruction from any serial sections or images and demonstrate its application on a real human cadaver. This application gives considerable unreported information about the dimensions and 3-D ...
... this structure have not been reported previously. In this study we define a cheap and easy method for 3-D reconstruction from any serial sections or images and demonstrate its application on a real human cadaver. This application gives considerable unreported information about the dimensions and 3-D ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI). Neural Networks
... www.g2conline.org/?gclid=CNf7mODlga4CFVAhtAodjyek4A#Thinking?aid=2023&cid=202 . ...
... www.g2conline.org/?gclid=CNf7mODlga4CFVAhtAodjyek4A#Thinking?aid=2023&cid=202 . ...
Document
... large lipoprotein particles containing apoE. These particles are internalized by neurons, leading increased cholesterol within neuronal membranes. Cholesterol is needed to activate signaling pathway that triggers synaptogenesis –either an apoE receptor pathway or another signaling pathway such as th ...
... large lipoprotein particles containing apoE. These particles are internalized by neurons, leading increased cholesterol within neuronal membranes. Cholesterol is needed to activate signaling pathway that triggers synaptogenesis –either an apoE receptor pathway or another signaling pathway such as th ...
Biology Standards Based Benchmark Assessment (5th
... 25. There are some diseases that cause paralysis due to the loss of the myelin sheath from spinal nerves. Why is the myelin sheath so important for the nervous system to function properly? a. The myelin sheath transmits impulses from one neuron to another. b. The myelin sheath insulates synapses bet ...
... 25. There are some diseases that cause paralysis due to the loss of the myelin sheath from spinal nerves. Why is the myelin sheath so important for the nervous system to function properly? a. The myelin sheath transmits impulses from one neuron to another. b. The myelin sheath insulates synapses bet ...
Dissipation of dark energy by cortex in knowledge retrieval
... and carbon dioxide production. The sensory receptors in the body and on the body surface provide the information by absorbing energy of various types impinging from the internal and external environments (Laughlin et al., 1998). The role of each sensory receptor is selectively to convert a microscop ...
... and carbon dioxide production. The sensory receptors in the body and on the body surface provide the information by absorbing energy of various types impinging from the internal and external environments (Laughlin et al., 1998). The role of each sensory receptor is selectively to convert a microscop ...
05. Motor Pathways 2011.jnt
... Can involve cell body (Central Nervous System) or axon (Peripheral Nervous System) Includes branchial and somatic motor neurons in brain stem nuclei. A. Loss of reflexes, areflexia, and voluntary contraction of the innervated muscle cells. B. Flaccid paralysis -- loss of muscle tone; no resistance t ...
... Can involve cell body (Central Nervous System) or axon (Peripheral Nervous System) Includes branchial and somatic motor neurons in brain stem nuclei. A. Loss of reflexes, areflexia, and voluntary contraction of the innervated muscle cells. B. Flaccid paralysis -- loss of muscle tone; no resistance t ...
幻灯片 1 - Nc State University
... • First real microelectrodes: hollow glass tubes • Teflon coated microwires • Michigan Probes, Utah Arrays, SOI ...
... • First real microelectrodes: hollow glass tubes • Teflon coated microwires • Michigan Probes, Utah Arrays, SOI ...
Scaling self-organizing maps to model large cortical networks
... that allows much larger networks to be simulated in a given computation time and in a given amount of memory. The simulations begin with a small network, which is gradually scaled up as it self-organizes. This approach is effective for two reasons: (1) pruning-based self-organizing models tend to ha ...
... that allows much larger networks to be simulated in a given computation time and in a given amount of memory. The simulations begin with a small network, which is gradually scaled up as it self-organizes. This approach is effective for two reasons: (1) pruning-based self-organizing models tend to ha ...
The Area Postrema - Queen`s University
... existence of the fenestrated capillaries within this CVO (Dempsey 1973; Krisch and others 1978). Functionally, the AP for many years gained notoriety as the “chemoreceptor trigger zone” at which noxious chemical stimulation acts to induce the emetic reflex (Borison and Brizzee 1951; Carpenter and ot ...
... existence of the fenestrated capillaries within this CVO (Dempsey 1973; Krisch and others 1978). Functionally, the AP for many years gained notoriety as the “chemoreceptor trigger zone” at which noxious chemical stimulation acts to induce the emetic reflex (Borison and Brizzee 1951; Carpenter and ot ...
Optical Control of Muscle Function by Transplantation of Stem Cell
... have difficulty overcoming molecular inhibitors of neuronal outgrowth (5) and extending axons across the barrier between the central and peripheral nervous system to reach the appropriate muscles (6). It has previously been shown that motor neurons derived from ESCs can be engrafted into a periphera ...
... have difficulty overcoming molecular inhibitors of neuronal outgrowth (5) and extending axons across the barrier between the central and peripheral nervous system to reach the appropriate muscles (6). It has previously been shown that motor neurons derived from ESCs can be engrafted into a periphera ...
Synaptic gating
Synaptic gating is the ability of neural circuits to gate inputs by either suppressing or facilitating specific synaptic activity. Selective inhibition of certain synapses has been studied thoroughly (see Gate theory of pain), and recent studies have supported the existence of permissively gated synaptic transmission. In general, synaptic gating involves a mechanism of central control over neuronal output. It includes a sort of gatekeeper neuron, which has the ability to influence transmission of information to selected targets independently of the parts of the synapse upon which it exerts its action (see also neuromodulation).Bistable neurons have the ability to oscillate between a hyperpolarized (down state) and a depolarized (up state) resting membrane potential without firing an action potential. These neurons can thus be referred to as up/down neurons. According to one model, this ability is linked to the presence of NMDA and AMPA glutamate receptors. External stimulation of the NMDA receptors is responsible for moving the neuron from the down state to the up state, while the stimulation of AMPA receptors allows the neuron to reach and surpass the threshold potential. Neurons that have this bistable ability have the potential to be gated because outside gatekeeper neurons can modulate the membrane potential of the gated neuron by selectively shifting them from the up state to the down state. Such mechanisms have been observed in the nucleus accumbens, with gatekeepers originating in the cortex, thalamus and basal ganglia.