Classical Conditioning
... How to begin • Find a willing, small (I wouldn’t ask someone 6’5) and kind man to ask to help. – Trainer MUST, at least in beginning, control the stimulus “Man”. – Work is conducted in confined and controllable environment – Don’t go to park and work with someone you didn’t know or somewhere that a ...
... How to begin • Find a willing, small (I wouldn’t ask someone 6’5) and kind man to ask to help. – Trainer MUST, at least in beginning, control the stimulus “Man”. – Work is conducted in confined and controllable environment – Don’t go to park and work with someone you didn’t know or somewhere that a ...
variable-ratio schedule
... Four schedules for the delivery of intermittent reinforcement are fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio, and variable interval. A ratio schedule provides reinforcements depending on the number of responses. An interval schedule provides reinforcements depending on the timing of responses. ...
... Four schedules for the delivery of intermittent reinforcement are fixed ratio, fixed interval, variable ratio, and variable interval. A ratio schedule provides reinforcements depending on the number of responses. An interval schedule provides reinforcements depending on the timing of responses. ...
Operant vs. Respondent Conditioning
... • Present the conditioned stimulus without pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus or with an already established conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned stimulus will ...
... • Present the conditioned stimulus without pairing it with the unconditioned stimulus or with an already established conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned stimulus will ...
Chapter 13
... It permits an organism to adjust its behavior according to the consequences of that behavior Reinforcing stimulus – an appetitive stimulus (e.g. food, water) that follows a particular behavior (e.g. lever press) and thus makes the behavior become more frequent Punishing stimulus – an aversive stimul ...
... It permits an organism to adjust its behavior according to the consequences of that behavior Reinforcing stimulus – an appetitive stimulus (e.g. food, water) that follows a particular behavior (e.g. lever press) and thus makes the behavior become more frequent Punishing stimulus – an aversive stimul ...
File - Ms. Bryant
... makes, while Michael is paid 1 dollar for every subscription he sells, regardless of the number of calls he makes. Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a ________ schedule, whereas Michael's is reinforced on a ________ schedule. A) variable-ratio; fixed-ratio B) fixed-ratio; variable-ratio C) fixed-r ...
... makes, while Michael is paid 1 dollar for every subscription he sells, regardless of the number of calls he makes. Paul's telephoning is reinforced on a ________ schedule, whereas Michael's is reinforced on a ________ schedule. A) variable-ratio; fixed-ratio B) fixed-ratio; variable-ratio C) fixed-r ...
Slide 1
... -The outer ear funnels sound waves down the auditory canal to the eardrum -The eardrum vibrates the hammer, which triggers the anvil, then the stirrup. All of these are small bones located in the middle ear. They concentrate the vibrations from the eardrum on the oval window. -The inner ear contain ...
... -The outer ear funnels sound waves down the auditory canal to the eardrum -The eardrum vibrates the hammer, which triggers the anvil, then the stirrup. All of these are small bones located in the middle ear. They concentrate the vibrations from the eardrum on the oval window. -The inner ear contain ...
Psychological Perspectives
... • Behaviour followed by favourable consequences would cause the behaviour to be repeated • One followed by negative consequences would result in the behaviour being less likely in future • How quick can the cat escape from the box? ...
... • Behaviour followed by favourable consequences would cause the behaviour to be repeated • One followed by negative consequences would result in the behaviour being less likely in future • How quick can the cat escape from the box? ...
File
... OPERANT CONDITIONING: Operant Conditioning is learning that results from the actions we perform and the CONSEQUENCES (things that come AFTER) that result from our actions. Operant Conditioning is the result of The Law of Effect. The Law of Effect is the result of the work of Edward (E.L.) Thorndike ...
... OPERANT CONDITIONING: Operant Conditioning is learning that results from the actions we perform and the CONSEQUENCES (things that come AFTER) that result from our actions. Operant Conditioning is the result of The Law of Effect. The Law of Effect is the result of the work of Edward (E.L.) Thorndike ...
Basic Learning Processes - Webcourses
... Reinforcement Learning • Operant and Pavlovian procedures differ in several ways – operant procedures involve response-contingent events, whereas Pavlovian conditioning involves stimulus-contingent events – rate of operant learning is affected by the degree of contingency and contiguity, reinforcer ...
... Reinforcement Learning • Operant and Pavlovian procedures differ in several ways – operant procedures involve response-contingent events, whereas Pavlovian conditioning involves stimulus-contingent events – rate of operant learning is affected by the degree of contingency and contiguity, reinforcer ...
Unit 6 Practice Test
... A) Negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding; punishments decrease the rate of operant responding. B) Negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; punishments increase the rate of operant responding. C) Negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; ...
... A) Negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding; punishments decrease the rate of operant responding. B) Negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; punishments increase the rate of operant responding. C) Negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; ...
Learning
... precede the UCS by only a few seconds (no more than 5) Stimulus Generalization – stimuli similar to UCS will evoke CR but to a lesser degree Stimulus Discrimination – presentation of stimulus similar to CS without UCS leads to this stimulus not producing a CR ...
... precede the UCS by only a few seconds (no more than 5) Stimulus Generalization – stimuli similar to UCS will evoke CR but to a lesser degree Stimulus Discrimination – presentation of stimulus similar to CS without UCS leads to this stimulus not producing a CR ...
Chapter 8 Practice Test
... A) Negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding; punishments decrease the rate of operant responding. B) Negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; punishments increase the rate of operant responding. C) Negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; ...
... A) Negative reinforcers increase the rate of operant responding; punishments decrease the rate of operant responding. B) Negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; punishments increase the rate of operant responding. C) Negative reinforcers decrease the rate of operant responding; ...
Inherited and Learned Behaviors
... Learned and Inherited • Some behaviors animals have are a combination of learned and inherited traits. • Examples: Young cheetahs have the instinct to hunt, but at first do not know how to sneak up on their prey. They learn how to do that by watching their mother when she hunts. Wolves have the ins ...
... Learned and Inherited • Some behaviors animals have are a combination of learned and inherited traits. • Examples: Young cheetahs have the instinct to hunt, but at first do not know how to sneak up on their prey. They learn how to do that by watching their mother when she hunts. Wolves have the ins ...
Slide 2 - Cengage
... Observational learning occurs when an organism’s response is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models. ...
... Observational learning occurs when an organism’s response is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models. ...
Chapter 6 Editable Lecture Notecards
... Observational learning occurs when an organism’s response is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models. ...
... Observational learning occurs when an organism’s response is influenced by the observation of others, who are called models. ...
Learned Expectancies Are Not Adequate Scientific Explanations
... principles of behavior analysis are sufficient to explain infant learning, and the second concerns the necessity of inferring cognitive events as explanations of behavior. In paraphrasing Bolles (1972), Fagen (1993) writes, "when learning occurs, an organism acquires a direct appreciation of the new ...
... principles of behavior analysis are sufficient to explain infant learning, and the second concerns the necessity of inferring cognitive events as explanations of behavior. In paraphrasing Bolles (1972), Fagen (1993) writes, "when learning occurs, an organism acquires a direct appreciation of the new ...
UNIT VI Notes File
... Explain how cognitive processes affect classical and operant conditioning. 29-2: Cognitive Processes and Conditioning Cognition is an important component of conditioning – the conditioned response is strengthened by the predictability (anticipation) of an association – associations influence att ...
... Explain how cognitive processes affect classical and operant conditioning. 29-2: Cognitive Processes and Conditioning Cognition is an important component of conditioning – the conditioned response is strengthened by the predictability (anticipation) of an association – associations influence att ...
Chapter 17
... They may involve interim reinforcers if rule is followed (praise for sticking to a program leading to a larger reinforcer). The individual may make self-reinforcing statements in the interim. Following rules itself may be reinforcing due to our history of reinforcement for following rules in general ...
... They may involve interim reinforcers if rule is followed (praise for sticking to a program leading to a larger reinforcer). The individual may make self-reinforcing statements in the interim. Following rules itself may be reinforcing due to our history of reinforcement for following rules in general ...
Chapter_8_and_9_Reading_Packet
... d. Watson and Rayner’s findings on fear conditioning 10. In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure ...
... d. Watson and Rayner’s findings on fear conditioning 10. In teaching her son to play basketball, Mrs. Richards initially reinforces him with praise for simply dribbling while standing still, then only for walking while dribbling, and finally only for running while dribbling. She is using a procedure ...
Define the main biological influences of psychology
... premise that all behavior I obtained through conditioning. Conditioning happens through communication with the environment. According to behaviorism, behavior can be researched in a methodical and visible manner with no contemplation of internal mental states. There are two major types of conditioni ...
... premise that all behavior I obtained through conditioning. Conditioning happens through communication with the environment. According to behaviorism, behavior can be researched in a methodical and visible manner with no contemplation of internal mental states. There are two major types of conditioni ...
Study Questions
... the representations in level II are associated with and can support an action. With extended training, a habit is formed, that is, connections between the stimulus and response representations in level I become strong enough to support the generation of an instrumental behavior, without projections ...
... the representations in level II are associated with and can support an action. With extended training, a habit is formed, that is, connections between the stimulus and response representations in level I become strong enough to support the generation of an instrumental behavior, without projections ...
Animal Behavior
... another male’s territory Behavior triggered: Male attacks red-bellied stickleback fish or model ...
... another male’s territory Behavior triggered: Male attacks red-bellied stickleback fish or model ...
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
... o This is a simple example of discrimination learning – S $and$S act$to$facilitate$and$inhibit$the$R:RQ$associa o The operant response is now said to be under stimulus control – its occurrence now depends on a stimul ...
... o This is a simple example of discrimination learning – S $and$S act$to$facilitate$and$inhibit$the$R:RQ$associa o The operant response is now said to be under stimulus control – its occurrence now depends on a stimul ...
conditioning - Net Start Class
... several times, the bell was used alone. Pavlov’s dogs, as predicted, responded by salivating to the sound of the bell (without the food). The bell began as a neutral stimulus (i.e. the bell itself did not produce the dogs’ salivation). However, by pairing the bell with the stimulus that did produce ...
... several times, the bell was used alone. Pavlov’s dogs, as predicted, responded by salivating to the sound of the bell (without the food). The bell began as a neutral stimulus (i.e. the bell itself did not produce the dogs’ salivation). However, by pairing the bell with the stimulus that did produce ...
Operant conditioning
Operant conditioning (also, “instrumental conditioning”) is a learning process in which behavior is sensitive to, or controlled by its consequences. For example, a child may learn to open a box to get the candy inside, or learn to avoid touching a hot stove. In contrast, classical conditioning causes a stimulus to signal a positive or negative consequence; the resulting behavior does not produce the consequence. For example, the sight of a colorful wrapper comes to signal ""candy"", causing a child to salivate, or the sound of a door slam comes to signal an angry parent, causing a child to tremble. The study of animal learning in the 20th century was dominated by the analysis of these two sorts of learning, and they are still at the core of behavior analysis.