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magnet
magnet

... The earth's magnetic field is just like the field of any magnet - only LARGER and STRONGER. A compass is simply another magnet. And the principles of attraction and repulsion govern the earth magnet and the compass magnet. The earth magnet is considered stationary. Therefore, the compass magnet's no ...
Exam 2 Solutions
Exam 2 Solutions

... Solution: Each lightbulb draws a current of 60/110 = 0.545 A. Since 10.3/0.545 ~ 18.9, we see that no more than 18 lightbulbs can be supported on this circuit. 17. A sample containing carbon (atomic mass 12 u) and oxygen (16 u) is placed in a mass spectrometer. The ions all have the same charge and ...
A homopolar motor
A homopolar motor

Biot- Savarts` Law
Biot- Savarts` Law

Electric Current is charge in motion Electric Current
Electric Current is charge in motion Electric Current

... sulfuric acid. Zinc ions enter the acid; electrons flow from zinc electrode (-) to carbon electrode (+). Thus, a potential difference is established between the two electrodes. ...
i ANSWER OF SCIENCE SAMPLE PAPER – 01
i ANSWER OF SCIENCE SAMPLE PAPER – 01

chapter27
chapter27

... thickness is b ρ b R   dR  ln   a 2πL  a  This is the radial resistance of the cable This is fairly high, which is desirable since you want the current to flow along the cable and not radially out of it ...
Magnetic Fields
Magnetic Fields

... The direction of the length vector L or dL is that of the current i. d F B I dsB  A coil in a uniform magnetic field B will experience a torque given by   i A B Here is the magnetic dipole moment of the coil, with magnitude   NiA and direction given by the right-hand rule. ...
Electric current 2
Electric current 2

... Current, Drift Velocity, and Current Density - Current can be expressed as drift velocity of moving charges - Current dependent on both the drift velocity, concentration of particles, and volume of cross section - Current density is charge flow at a certain point and contains information for directi ...
A. Blocal = Bo (1 - ) - USC Upstate: Faculty
A. Blocal = Bo (1 - ) - USC Upstate: Faculty

... C. figure 2-16a FID for protons of acetone 1. horizontal distance between each maximum is reciprocal of difference between the Larmor frequency and the B 1 frequency 2. intensity of maxima decrease as y magnetization is lost through spin-spin relaxation 3. line width of spectrum determined by T 2 4. ...
Chapter 18 Current
Chapter 18 Current

... • Eddy currents cancel E field in center of conductor • For Copper at 60 Hz the “skin depth” is about 8.5 mm • The current density J decreases exponentially • For “good conductors” like metals • A wire of diameter D then really only is being used to a depth ~  • The effective AC resistance of a wir ...
Spin Flip Transition of Hydrogen in Astrophysics
Spin Flip Transition of Hydrogen in Astrophysics

Electromagnetic Induction
Electromagnetic Induction

2.3 Gyromagnetic Ratio - McMaster Physics and Astronomy
2.3 Gyromagnetic Ratio - McMaster Physics and Astronomy

In lecture demonstrations and in the laboratory class
In lecture demonstrations and in the laboratory class

CMOS compatible integrated magnetometers - Mos-AK
CMOS compatible integrated magnetometers - Mos-AK

... • Noise level depends on the material properties and on the electrical resistance R between adjacent strips • Effective sensitivity depends on the ratio R/r where r is the output resistance of the biasing transistors ...
Magnetic field lines
Magnetic field lines

... and the torque becomes 0, inertia carries the loop forward and the brushes cross the gaps in the ring, causing the current loop to reverse its direction  This provides more torque to continue the rotation ...
4) The amount of power is related to the rate at which energy is
4) The amount of power is related to the rate at which energy is

Chapter 27 Current and Resistance
Chapter 27 Current and Resistance

Sample Paper – 2008 Class – X Subject – Science MAGNETISM
Sample Paper – 2008 Class – X Subject – Science MAGNETISM

Cartridge Filter is designed for high viscosity liquid filtration, by
Cartridge Filter is designed for high viscosity liquid filtration, by

... ① This Cartridge has the high compressive strength against the viscous liquids, because of the structure of only molded layer. Also, it achieves the bigger filtration flow. ②All Cartridge products are rinsed up, so the no flow out of oils, and no foaming. ③Thickness of the fibers is uniformed, and t ...
3 Magnetism
3 Magnetism

... electromagnet is made of a soft magnetic material which has a small remanence so it is strong by temporary magnet. In ferromagnetic material there are regions of the crystal (magnetic domains) in which the alignment of the atomic dipoles is essentially perfect. The volumes of the domains are 10-9-10 ...
Electromagnetic Fields caused by Electrical Transients
Electromagnetic Fields caused by Electrical Transients

x-electricity
x-electricity

3-1 - Rose
3-1 - Rose

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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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