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Worked Examples - Mit - Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Worked Examples - Mit - Massachusetts Institute of Technology

... Since the flux into the page for the left loop is decreasing, I1 flows clockwise to produce a magnetic field pointing into the page. On the other hand, the flux into the page for the right loop is increasing. To compensate the change, according to Lenz’s law, I2 must flow counterclockwise to produce ...
NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and its applications
NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and its applications

... If the resultant angular momentum is composed of both spin and orbital angular momentum, one speaks of the anomalous Zeeman effect. The normal Zeeman effect describes states in which no spin magnetism occurs, therefore with pure orbital angular momentum. In these states, at least two electrons contr ...
Control of crystalline texture in polycrystalline alumina
Control of crystalline texture in polycrystalline alumina

Chapter 27
Chapter 27

... • Superconductors – a class of materials whose resistances fall to virtually zero below a certain temperature, TC (critical temperature) • The value of TC is sensitive to chemical composition, pressure, and crystalline structure • Once a current is set up in a superconductor, it persists without any ...
Test Paper
Test Paper

Frustrated S = 1 On A Diamond Lattice
Frustrated S = 1 On A Diamond Lattice

... of A-site ions and a pyrochlore lattice of B-site ions, as shown in Fig. 1a. The A-site diamond lattice is bipartite, composed of two interlacing fcc sublattices, and can be viewed as the three-dimensional analogue of a honeycomb lattice. There are four nearest neighbor (NN) interactions between ad ...
HSC Physics – Core Module 3 – Ideas to Implementation 4
HSC Physics – Core Module 3 – Ideas to Implementation 4

... Generally, metals are excellent conductors of electricity due to the presence of the large number of delocalised electrons. These electrons are free to move, and so are able to conduct electricity. This means most metals have a high conductivity and low resistance, where conductivity is always inver ...
Monitoring Earth`s Magnetic Field Using Magnetoresistive Sensor
Monitoring Earth`s Magnetic Field Using Magnetoresistive Sensor

Electric Circuits - Townley Grammar School
Electric Circuits - Townley Grammar School

Dear Headteacher/ Teacher
Dear Headteacher/ Teacher

... cylindrical magnets whose diameter is smaller than the bore of the tube. The experiment is simple to execute, but one must be very careful when working with magnets. Your fingers may get pinched when handling strong magnets! Moreover, magnets are rather brittle, and when we let them quickly attract ...
Document
Document

Orbital Magnetization of Quantum Spin Hall Insulator Nanoparticles P. Potasz
Orbital Magnetization of Quantum Spin Hall Insulator Nanoparticles P. Potasz

chapter link
chapter link

7. Electric Currents
7. Electric Currents

... the shape of the wire and only depends on the material it is made of, we must take the combination A ρ=R . l This is called resistivity. Its inverse σ = ρ1 is called conductance. For example the resistivity of Cu is 17.2 × 10−9 Ωm. An insulator like glass has much larger ρ ≈ 1010 to1014 Ωm. The only ...
Bandstructure engineering
Bandstructure engineering

Magnetostatics IV
Magnetostatics IV

... We hade seen that each component of the vector potential is continuous at the boundary. Thus the first term must be zero. The tangential component of the second term is obviously zero which leaves us with only the normal component in the above equation. Once again the first term is zero, giving, ⃗ × ...
SAC: Solution to a scientific or technological problem
SAC: Solution to a scientific or technological problem

... Communication and expression of science ideas - terminology Communication and expression of science ideas - clarity and referencing AOS 2: How are fields used to move electrical energy SAC: Optimising magnetic field design Description: Modern flexible fridge magnets are made from magnetic materials ...
magnetic field
magnetic field

... 1 Oe=1 line of force/cm2 ...
Static Electricity
Static Electricity

Experiment 5: Measurements Magnetic Fields
Experiment 5: Measurements Magnetic Fields

Chapter 2 Magnetic domain theory in static - diss.fu
Chapter 2 Magnetic domain theory in static - diss.fu

magnetism - Earth and Environmental Sciences
magnetism - Earth and Environmental Sciences

... As it rotates, the wire loop (green) crosses the magnetic field lines in alternating directions. The resulting current in the loop therefore flows first in one direction, then the other. ...
dual-valent
dual-valent

magnet
magnet

Level 4 - PO 417-1-A
Level 4 - PO 417-1-A

... thousands of years, the position of magnetic north will roughly correspond with true north, but at any given time the two poles can be very far apart. ...
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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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