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Part II - TTU Physics
Part II - TTU Physics

... The induced current in a loop is in the direction that creates a magnetic field that opposes the change in magnetic flux through the area enclosed by the loop. • The induced current tends to keep the original magnetic flux through the circuit from changing. Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
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Electron Velocity, v - NC State University
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Welcome to Physics 112N

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R - LSU Physics

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Alternative approaches to fusion energy

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Annexure - ‘ H ’ PHYSICS (042)

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... of magnetic ordering, characteristic of the substance. This is shown in Figure 2, where the net spin on each atom is represented by an arrow aligned “with” or “against” the applied external magnetic field. The type of magnetic interactions present in a particular substance is primarily determined by ...
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... inside the barrier for the impurity on the interface. The contribution of the barrier energy, in this case, is 23.4 'meV, whereas that of the exchange term is —43.2 meV. This shows clearly the formation of a bound magnetic polaron at the interface. For other values of z;, as the impurity is displace ...
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1. All the vehicles are travelling at 20 m/s which vehicle has the
1. All the vehicles are travelling at 20 m/s which vehicle has the

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Giant magnetoresistance



Giant magnetoresistance (GMR) is a quantum mechanical magnetoresistance effect observed in thin-film structures composed of alternating ferromagnetic and non-magnetic conductive layers. The 2007 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg for the discovery of GMR.The effect is observed as a significant change in the electrical resistance depending on whether the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers are in a parallel or an antiparallel alignment. The overall resistance is relatively low for parallel alignment and relatively high for antiparallel alignment. The magnetization direction can be controlled, for example, by applying an external magnetic field. The effect is based on the dependence of electron scattering on the spin orientation.The main application of GMR is magnetic field sensors, which are used to read data in hard disk drives, biosensors, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and other devices. GMR multilayer structures are also used in magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) as cells that store one bit of information.In literature, the term giant magnetoresistance is sometimes confused with colossal magnetoresistance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic semiconductors, which is not related to the multilayer structure.
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