File
... lowers activation energy: Accept any of the above if clearly explained in a labelled diagram. ...
... lowers activation energy: Accept any of the above if clearly explained in a labelled diagram. ...
Propionate stimulates pyruvate oxidation in the - AJP
... Table 1 summarizes these values for the two different conditions. Table 1 also reports that anaplerotic flux (relative to TCA cycle flux) was significantly elevated in the presence of propionate as expected. There was no significant change in phosphorylation at serine 293 of PDH as measured in Weste ...
... Table 1 summarizes these values for the two different conditions. Table 1 also reports that anaplerotic flux (relative to TCA cycle flux) was significantly elevated in the presence of propionate as expected. There was no significant change in phosphorylation at serine 293 of PDH as measured in Weste ...
Chapter 7: Recent advances in enzyme technology
... and 500 molecules of water for each enzyme molecule) and the enzyme may effectively be operating in an almost anhydrous state. Some hydrophobic lipases retain activity even if fewer molecules of water remain; presumably just sufficient to stabilise the conformation of the active site. The pH of such ...
... and 500 molecules of water for each enzyme molecule) and the enzyme may effectively be operating in an almost anhydrous state. Some hydrophobic lipases retain activity even if fewer molecules of water remain; presumably just sufficient to stabilise the conformation of the active site. The pH of such ...
Biosynthesis of Plant Secondary metabolites
... of a second compound aglycone. Such glycosides, called as O- glycosides, are commonly found in plant. The other glycosides also occur in nature in which the linkage is through carbon (C- Glycosides), nitrogen (Nglycosides) or sulphur (S- Glycosides). The principal pathway of glycoside formation invo ...
... of a second compound aglycone. Such glycosides, called as O- glycosides, are commonly found in plant. The other glycosides also occur in nature in which the linkage is through carbon (C- Glycosides), nitrogen (Nglycosides) or sulphur (S- Glycosides). The principal pathway of glycoside formation invo ...
BI280 Principles of Microbiology w-Lab
... theory of disease. f. Review and report why the period of 1880-1900 was significant for the emergence of microbiology as a science. g. Numerous researchers in the biological sciences use microorganisms as a model system to explore life processes. Explain why this is so. h. List some of the applied f ...
... theory of disease. f. Review and report why the period of 1880-1900 was significant for the emergence of microbiology as a science. g. Numerous researchers in the biological sciences use microorganisms as a model system to explore life processes. Explain why this is so. h. List some of the applied f ...
Origins and Evolution of Pathways of Anaerobic Metabolism in the
... SYNOPSIS. Energetic characteristics and functional roles define two main types of anaerobic pathways in the animal kingdom: high efficiency/low rates of energy production pathways geared to anoxia survival (aspartate-succinate and glucose-succinate pathways), and low efficiency/high rates of energy ...
... SYNOPSIS. Energetic characteristics and functional roles define two main types of anaerobic pathways in the animal kingdom: high efficiency/low rates of energy production pathways geared to anoxia survival (aspartate-succinate and glucose-succinate pathways), and low efficiency/high rates of energy ...
Bio 20 Outcome Checklist Biochemistry Chapter 6.1 Energy Within
... _____ I understand the importance of carbohydrates to the human body and can describe how our bodies use carbohydrates for energy. _____ I can describe the chemical nature of fats (lipids) – i.e what they’re made of and what they look like and explain their importance to the human body. _____ I can ...
... _____ I understand the importance of carbohydrates to the human body and can describe how our bodies use carbohydrates for energy. _____ I can describe the chemical nature of fats (lipids) – i.e what they’re made of and what they look like and explain their importance to the human body. _____ I can ...
ppt - 3.LF UK 2015
... The figure is found at: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/memb/c11x11enzyme-cascade.jpg (December 2006) ...
... The figure is found at: http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~cmallery/150/memb/c11x11enzyme-cascade.jpg (December 2006) ...
Question paper - Unit F214/01
... The number of people donating one of their kidneys for transplant is increasing year by year. The donor receives no payment, undergoes months of medical and psychiatric tests, and cannot specify who receives their kidney. While the numbers of donors are still small compared to the numbers needing a ...
... The number of people donating one of their kidneys for transplant is increasing year by year. The donor receives no payment, undergoes months of medical and psychiatric tests, and cannot specify who receives their kidney. While the numbers of donors are still small compared to the numbers needing a ...
The Effect of Oxygen on the Growth and Mannitol
... (21 OOOg, 10 min) at 4 "C and were subjected to the following procedures, which were carried out under strictly anaerobic conditions. The bacteria were washed three times with 50 mM-potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), sealed tightly and stored at - 20 "C. The pellets were thawed in 50 mM-potassium ...
... (21 OOOg, 10 min) at 4 "C and were subjected to the following procedures, which were carried out under strictly anaerobic conditions. The bacteria were washed three times with 50 mM-potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0), sealed tightly and stored at - 20 "C. The pellets were thawed in 50 mM-potassium ...
Biology 6 Test 1 Study Guide
... D. Fermentation – a “shortcut” respiration process. It just regenerates NAD+ to run glycolysis. This produces ATP by substrate level phosphorylation only. Inefficient but very fast and no oxygen required. (Fig. 5.18) a. Alcohol fermentation – done by yeast. Ethanol and CO2 produced. (Fig. 5.19) b. L ...
... D. Fermentation – a “shortcut” respiration process. It just regenerates NAD+ to run glycolysis. This produces ATP by substrate level phosphorylation only. Inefficient but very fast and no oxygen required. (Fig. 5.18) a. Alcohol fermentation – done by yeast. Ethanol and CO2 produced. (Fig. 5.19) b. L ...
Heme- Fe 2+ (ferrous) - LSU School of Medicine
... •In erythrocytes heme synthesis is coordinated with that of the globin chains, all of which are stimulated by erythropoietin (Epogen©, Procrit©, and congeners) •Heme and hemin allosterically inhibit ALA synthase ...
... •In erythrocytes heme synthesis is coordinated with that of the globin chains, all of which are stimulated by erythropoietin (Epogen©, Procrit©, and congeners) •Heme and hemin allosterically inhibit ALA synthase ...
Ch16-1 Fatty-acid-and-triacylglycerol
... Low levels of free fatty acids occur in all tissues, but large amounts can sometimes be found in the plasma, particularly during fasting Plasma free fatty acids (transported by serum albumin) are in route from their point of origin (triacylglycerol of adipose tissue or circulating lipoproteins) ...
... Low levels of free fatty acids occur in all tissues, but large amounts can sometimes be found in the plasma, particularly during fasting Plasma free fatty acids (transported by serum albumin) are in route from their point of origin (triacylglycerol of adipose tissue or circulating lipoproteins) ...
Document
... cholesterol biosynthesis are regulated. To predict whether intracellular cholesterol synthesis will be up- or down-regulated in response to energy availability as influenced by diet, hormones and exercise. To distinguish the different mechanisms by which plasma cholesterol levels are controlled by c ...
... cholesterol biosynthesis are regulated. To predict whether intracellular cholesterol synthesis will be up- or down-regulated in response to energy availability as influenced by diet, hormones and exercise. To distinguish the different mechanisms by which plasma cholesterol levels are controlled by c ...
Ghorbaniaghdam (oral)
... Monoclonal antibody producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been shown to undergo metabolic changes when engineered to produce high titers of recombinant proteins. In this work, we have studied the distinct metabolism of CHO cell clones harboring an efficient inducible expression system, ba ...
... Monoclonal antibody producing Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells have been shown to undergo metabolic changes when engineered to produce high titers of recombinant proteins. In this work, we have studied the distinct metabolism of CHO cell clones harboring an efficient inducible expression system, ba ...
Muscle Physiology Notes
... presence of oxygen Muscle cells only keep small reserves of ATP Cellular respiration allows muscle cells to produce more ATP using glycogen and glucose reserves ...
... presence of oxygen Muscle cells only keep small reserves of ATP Cellular respiration allows muscle cells to produce more ATP using glycogen and glucose reserves ...
Generation of ATP during Cytochrome-linked
... Dual-wavelength experiments (Fig. 2 ) show that membrane suspensions from Propionibacterium jkwdenreichii reduced cytochrome b equally in the presence of D-lactate and L-lactate. After addition of lactate to membrane suspensions, oxidized with air, the aerobic steady state (45”/0reduction of cytochr ...
... Dual-wavelength experiments (Fig. 2 ) show that membrane suspensions from Propionibacterium jkwdenreichii reduced cytochrome b equally in the presence of D-lactate and L-lactate. After addition of lactate to membrane suspensions, oxidized with air, the aerobic steady state (45”/0reduction of cytochr ...
BI25M1
... (made from vitamin B6) as a cofactor. Measurement of (normally intracellular) transaminases in plasma allows progression of liver and heart disease (in which cell damage and enzyme leakage ...
... (made from vitamin B6) as a cofactor. Measurement of (normally intracellular) transaminases in plasma allows progression of liver and heart disease (in which cell damage and enzyme leakage ...
review on enhancement of glucose uptake and up
... Glucose is a key fuel in mammalian cells that import by a process of facilitative diffusion mediated by glucose transporters (GLUT). A defect in GLUT expression for prolong time leads to diabetes mellitus. Medicinal plants used in traditional treatments confirm a possibility of tackling diabetes by ...
... Glucose is a key fuel in mammalian cells that import by a process of facilitative diffusion mediated by glucose transporters (GLUT). A defect in GLUT expression for prolong time leads to diabetes mellitus. Medicinal plants used in traditional treatments confirm a possibility of tackling diabetes by ...
The Outer Membrane of Gram-negative Bacteria and - Beck-Shop
... slows down or completely stops antibiotic influx, and by lining the channel with charged amino acid residues which orient the water molecules in a fixed direction. These charged residues make the influx of lipophilic molecules difficult because the energetically favorable orientation of the water wi ...
... slows down or completely stops antibiotic influx, and by lining the channel with charged amino acid residues which orient the water molecules in a fixed direction. These charged residues make the influx of lipophilic molecules difficult because the energetically favorable orientation of the water wi ...
cardiac muscle
... - 3 mol. ATP utk oksidasi 1 mol. NADH - 2 mol. ATP utk oksidasi 1 mol. FADH2 Laju fosforilasi oksidatif dikendalikan oleh; NADH, oksigen, ADP ...
... - 3 mol. ATP utk oksidasi 1 mol. NADH - 2 mol. ATP utk oksidasi 1 mol. FADH2 Laju fosforilasi oksidatif dikendalikan oleh; NADH, oksigen, ADP ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑