Adenylate Energy Charge
... We have therefore studied the ability of starving Peptococcus prkvotii to regenerate ATP when supplied with a suitable energy source. Serine (10mM) produced an immediate and large increase of ATP when added to organisms starved for about 3 h (Fig. 3). A much smaller response was given by organisms s ...
... We have therefore studied the ability of starving Peptococcus prkvotii to regenerate ATP when supplied with a suitable energy source. Serine (10mM) produced an immediate and large increase of ATP when added to organisms starved for about 3 h (Fig. 3). A much smaller response was given by organisms s ...
Unit 4 Notes
... organisms, recognising correlations and causal relationships. Appreciate the tentative nature of conclusions that may be drawn from such data. Metabolism The synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate and its role as the immediate source of energy for biological processes. Aerobic respiration Aerobic r ...
... organisms, recognising correlations and causal relationships. Appreciate the tentative nature of conclusions that may be drawn from such data. Metabolism The synthesis of ATP from ADP and phosphate and its role as the immediate source of energy for biological processes. Aerobic respiration Aerobic r ...
NADH by James South
... interlinked energy production cycles: the glycolytic (sugar burning) and Krebs’ citric acid cycles (aminos and fats are "burned" through the Krebs’ cycle), and the electron transport side chain. A glycolytic cycle "waste" end product- pyruvic acid- helps power the Krebs’ cycle, while electron "spark ...
... interlinked energy production cycles: the glycolytic (sugar burning) and Krebs’ citric acid cycles (aminos and fats are "burned" through the Krebs’ cycle), and the electron transport side chain. A glycolytic cycle "waste" end product- pyruvic acid- helps power the Krebs’ cycle, while electron "spark ...
No Slide Title
... If the process of breathing in is used to obtain the O2 for respiration, it would make sense for the body to use the process of breathing out to remove these waste products of this reaction. ...
... If the process of breathing in is used to obtain the O2 for respiration, it would make sense for the body to use the process of breathing out to remove these waste products of this reaction. ...
Cells Phenotype of Human Tolerogenic Dendritic Glycolytic
... controlling immunogenicity. Studies in mice have demonstrated that T cell activation and differentiation from naive into effector and memory T cells are processes highly dependent on energetic metabolic adaptations. This knowledge is currently being considered for potential novel immune therapies (6 ...
... controlling immunogenicity. Studies in mice have demonstrated that T cell activation and differentiation from naive into effector and memory T cells are processes highly dependent on energetic metabolic adaptations. This knowledge is currently being considered for potential novel immune therapies (6 ...
Specialised training
... 1. Reduced pO2 – training very hard; 2. Loss of fitness/detraining effect; 3. Increased lactate production/accumulation; 4. Altitude sickness/weeks to acclimatise; 5. Solution – live at altitude and train at sea level; 6. Other physiological e.g. blood viscosity/psychological/social/environmental f ...
... 1. Reduced pO2 – training very hard; 2. Loss of fitness/detraining effect; 3. Increased lactate production/accumulation; 4. Altitude sickness/weeks to acclimatise; 5. Solution – live at altitude and train at sea level; 6. Other physiological e.g. blood viscosity/psychological/social/environmental f ...
Inglés
... lactic acid and ethanol are shown in Figure 2 (A). Lactic acid was produced to 50 g/l during the exponential growth of the cells but it continued up to 34 hrs to a final concentration of 80.3 g/l. After 24 hrs, the lactic acid production rate is almost constant. Lactic acid production is known to be ...
... lactic acid and ethanol are shown in Figure 2 (A). Lactic acid was produced to 50 g/l during the exponential growth of the cells but it continued up to 34 hrs to a final concentration of 80.3 g/l. After 24 hrs, the lactic acid production rate is almost constant. Lactic acid production is known to be ...
Influence of Aerobic and Phototrophic Growth
... were added to the assay mixture. The reaction was started by addition of fructose I ,dbisphosphate. Radiorespirometry. Radiorespirometric experiments were carried out as described by Conrad & Schlegel (1977). The washed bacteria were resuspended in mineral medium containing 0.01 % yeast extract to a ...
... were added to the assay mixture. The reaction was started by addition of fructose I ,dbisphosphate. Radiorespirometry. Radiorespirometric experiments were carried out as described by Conrad & Schlegel (1977). The washed bacteria were resuspended in mineral medium containing 0.01 % yeast extract to a ...
Ariarad and Lindsay1
... exercising muscle is influenced by oxidative capacity and thus training, which is often accompanied with an increase in the number of mitochondria, may reduce lactate production (Poso, 2002). On top of this, horses already have a marked increase in oxygen consumption with a maximal oxygen uptake of ...
... exercising muscle is influenced by oxidative capacity and thus training, which is often accompanied with an increase in the number of mitochondria, may reduce lactate production (Poso, 2002). On top of this, horses already have a marked increase in oxygen consumption with a maximal oxygen uptake of ...
Influence of Aerobic and Phototrophic Growth
... were added to the assay mixture. The reaction was started by addition of fructose I ,dbisphosphate. Radiorespirometry. Radiorespirometric experiments were carried out as described by Conrad & Schlegel (1977). The washed bacteria were resuspended in mineral medium containing 0.01 % yeast extract to a ...
... were added to the assay mixture. The reaction was started by addition of fructose I ,dbisphosphate. Radiorespirometry. Radiorespirometric experiments were carried out as described by Conrad & Schlegel (1977). The washed bacteria were resuspended in mineral medium containing 0.01 % yeast extract to a ...
Biosynthesis of Amino Acids
... for other amino acids are shown in yellow. The nine essential amino acids are shown in boldface. The carbon skeletons come from intermediates of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the citric acid cycle. On the basis of the starting points the 20 amino acids can be group into 6 categories ...
... for other amino acids are shown in yellow. The nine essential amino acids are shown in boldface. The carbon skeletons come from intermediates of glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and the citric acid cycle. On the basis of the starting points the 20 amino acids can be group into 6 categories ...
广西医科大学理论课教案(1)
... secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures, forces to make these structures stable, the rule to write the polypeptide chain 2.Know well important physicochemical properties of AA, three letters for AA, R group of AA, have familiar with some special example as Insulin, Hb, Mb structure characters 3. ...
... secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures, forces to make these structures stable, the rule to write the polypeptide chain 2.Know well important physicochemical properties of AA, three letters for AA, R group of AA, have familiar with some special example as Insulin, Hb, Mb structure characters 3. ...
Phytanic acid omega-oxidation in human liver microsomes
... far greater than (ω-1)-hydroxyphytanic acid which is beneficial because the former product is a substrate for the next step in the pathway. CYP4F3A is the most active CYP450 but is not present in liver and therefore is not responsible for phytanic acid ωhydroxylation activity in liver. The other CYP ...
... far greater than (ω-1)-hydroxyphytanic acid which is beneficial because the former product is a substrate for the next step in the pathway. CYP4F3A is the most active CYP450 but is not present in liver and therefore is not responsible for phytanic acid ωhydroxylation activity in liver. The other CYP ...
King Saud University
... Conjugation with Glucuronic acid takes place in the Liver by Uridyl-Diphosphate Glucuronyl Transferase (UDGT) and passes into the Bile system. Conjugated Bilirubin is broken down in the gut o form stercoblinogen and accounts for the normal color of faeces. Increased in: Choletasis (Obstruction of Bi ...
... Conjugation with Glucuronic acid takes place in the Liver by Uridyl-Diphosphate Glucuronyl Transferase (UDGT) and passes into the Bile system. Conjugated Bilirubin is broken down in the gut o form stercoblinogen and accounts for the normal color of faeces. Increased in: Choletasis (Obstruction of Bi ...
Photosynthesis
... Photorespiration consumes O2 and organic fuel and releases CO2 without producing ATP or sugar ...
... Photorespiration consumes O2 and organic fuel and releases CO2 without producing ATP or sugar ...
Presentations in Biochemistry for MS 1
... glucose and lipid-derived ketone bodies, including acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Glucose cannot be synthesized from lipids, and is instead made from amino acids such as alanine in the process of gluconeogenesis. Serum alanine (choice B) drops dramatically in starvation, due to its c ...
... glucose and lipid-derived ketone bodies, including acetoacetic acid and beta-hydroxybutyric acid. Glucose cannot be synthesized from lipids, and is instead made from amino acids such as alanine in the process of gluconeogenesis. Serum alanine (choice B) drops dramatically in starvation, due to its c ...
Supplemental Text
... protected against APAP in the presence of protein adduct formation when given at 1 h after APAP.18 However, there appeared to be some effect on protein binding at this early time point.18 In contrast, Salminen et al. did not detect any effect of NAC on APAP protein adducts when administrated at 1 or ...
... protected against APAP in the presence of protein adduct formation when given at 1 h after APAP.18 However, there appeared to be some effect on protein binding at this early time point.18 In contrast, Salminen et al. did not detect any effect of NAC on APAP protein adducts when administrated at 1 or ...
ppt - Manning`s Science
... Almost all cellular reactions need enzymes to occur at significant rates. Without enzymes, chemical reactions would still occur, but they would happen much to slowly to sustain life. ...
... Almost all cellular reactions need enzymes to occur at significant rates. Without enzymes, chemical reactions would still occur, but they would happen much to slowly to sustain life. ...
Generation of adenosine tri-phosphate in Leishmania
... incorporation of thymidine, uridine, proline, and altered metabolism of glucose and linolenic acid when compared with promastigotes (Saar et al. 1998, Rainey et al. 1991). The major products of glucose catabolism were demonstrated for amastigotes and promastigotes under aerobic and anaerobic conditi ...
... incorporation of thymidine, uridine, proline, and altered metabolism of glucose and linolenic acid when compared with promastigotes (Saar et al. 1998, Rainey et al. 1991). The major products of glucose catabolism were demonstrated for amastigotes and promastigotes under aerobic and anaerobic conditi ...
Slide 1 - Elsevier Store
... FIGURE 46.7 Lipid synthesis pathways in mammary epithelial cells during lactation. This figure is reproduced in color in the color plate section. Substrates for lipid synthesis enter the cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT1), a glycerol transporter, as amino acids, or as preformed fatty acids v ...
... FIGURE 46.7 Lipid synthesis pathways in mammary epithelial cells during lactation. This figure is reproduced in color in the color plate section. Substrates for lipid synthesis enter the cells via the glucose transporter (GLUT1), a glycerol transporter, as amino acids, or as preformed fatty acids v ...
The effect of a low-carbohydrate diet on performance, hormonal and
... As mentioned previously, anaerobic glycolysis represents an important supply of ATP during a 30-s bout of supramaximal exercise. A maximal rate of anaerobic glycolysis is attained after 15 s of this exercise after which the rate decreases (Yamamoto and Kenehisa 1995). The rate of glycolysis depends ...
... As mentioned previously, anaerobic glycolysis represents an important supply of ATP during a 30-s bout of supramaximal exercise. A maximal rate of anaerobic glycolysis is attained after 15 s of this exercise after which the rate decreases (Yamamoto and Kenehisa 1995). The rate of glycolysis depends ...
Seminario Glúcidos 3 y lípidos 1. Comente los mecanismos de
... has been a general finding that the more highly organized enzyme systems of animal tissues responsible for oxidation of metabolites by molecular oxygen are associated with the insoluble particulate portion of the cell. Among the several approaches which have been used to study the morphology and com ...
... has been a general finding that the more highly organized enzyme systems of animal tissues responsible for oxidation of metabolites by molecular oxygen are associated with the insoluble particulate portion of the cell. Among the several approaches which have been used to study the morphology and com ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑