Macromolecule Expert Sheets
... 5. Name two common monosaccharides and give the molecular formula for each. Glucose and fructose both have the molecular formula C6H12O6. They are isomers. 6. What suffix is commonly found on the end of sugar names? -ose 7. How are monosaccharides used in a cell? They supply energy for cellular work ...
... 5. Name two common monosaccharides and give the molecular formula for each. Glucose and fructose both have the molecular formula C6H12O6. They are isomers. 6. What suffix is commonly found on the end of sugar names? -ose 7. How are monosaccharides used in a cell? They supply energy for cellular work ...
1 The diagram below represents a biological process 5
... longer act as an enzyme. 24. The graph below illustrates the relative amounts of product formed by the action of an enzyme in a solution with a pH of 6 at seven different temperatures. In this reaction, catalase functions as an 1) enzyme in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide 2) enzyme in the synthes ...
... longer act as an enzyme. 24. The graph below illustrates the relative amounts of product formed by the action of an enzyme in a solution with a pH of 6 at seven different temperatures. In this reaction, catalase functions as an 1) enzyme in the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide 2) enzyme in the synthes ...
Chapter 10. Delivering Oxygen.
... nucleus cannot make protein. As they get older, the cells suffer damage and finally after about 120 days the spleen removes old RBC’s. In normal blood, about 1 – 2 % of RBC’s are reticulocytes, the new RBC’s with a nucleus. Under conditions of chronic, long-term O2 deprivation, more capillaries form ...
... nucleus cannot make protein. As they get older, the cells suffer damage and finally after about 120 days the spleen removes old RBC’s. In normal blood, about 1 – 2 % of RBC’s are reticulocytes, the new RBC’s with a nucleus. Under conditions of chronic, long-term O2 deprivation, more capillaries form ...
Kreb`s cycle - Secondary Education
... energy that a cell can extract from each molecule of glucose. In the presence of oxygen, everything changes. As Figure 9–8 shows, the Krebs cycle and electron transport enable the cell to produce 34 more ATP molecules per glucose molecule, in addition to the 2 ATP molecules obtained from glycolysis. ...
... energy that a cell can extract from each molecule of glucose. In the presence of oxygen, everything changes. As Figure 9–8 shows, the Krebs cycle and electron transport enable the cell to produce 34 more ATP molecules per glucose molecule, in addition to the 2 ATP molecules obtained from glycolysis. ...
2_3 Slides - Lipids _ Carbs
... rates of CHD in many studies. • Correlation ≠ causation. Another factor, e.g. dietary fiber could be responsible. • There are populations that do not fit the correlation such as the Masai of Kenya. They have a diet that is rich in meat, fat, blood and milk. They therefore have a high consumption of ...
... rates of CHD in many studies. • Correlation ≠ causation. Another factor, e.g. dietary fiber could be responsible. • There are populations that do not fit the correlation such as the Masai of Kenya. They have a diet that is rich in meat, fat, blood and milk. They therefore have a high consumption of ...
Cell Biology
... Stem cells have been touted as the treatment of the future for many diseases. They have even made it possible to rebuild areas of the body that have suffered from tissue destruction eg. the growth of a windpipe for a lady whose windpipe had been destroyed by tuberculosis. ...
... Stem cells have been touted as the treatment of the future for many diseases. They have even made it possible to rebuild areas of the body that have suffered from tissue destruction eg. the growth of a windpipe for a lady whose windpipe had been destroyed by tuberculosis. ...
intermediary metabolism
... (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) proceeds in a stepwise manner through a number of consecutive enzymatic reactions. There are three major stages in aerobic catabolism. In Stage I, cell macromolecules are degraded to their major building blocks. Thus polysaccharides are degraded to hexoses or pen ...
... (carbohydrates, lipids and proteins) proceeds in a stepwise manner through a number of consecutive enzymatic reactions. There are three major stages in aerobic catabolism. In Stage I, cell macromolecules are degraded to their major building blocks. Thus polysaccharides are degraded to hexoses or pen ...
genetic et.al - UniMAP Portal
... not only possess the mechanisms needed for detoxifying oxygen metabolites, they can also generate energy by using oxygen as an electron acceptor when the gas is present. ...
... not only possess the mechanisms needed for detoxifying oxygen metabolites, they can also generate energy by using oxygen as an electron acceptor when the gas is present. ...
Lipid Metabolizması - mustafaaltinisik.org.uk
... Fatty Acid Synthesis • Fatty acids are built from 2-C units derived from acetyl-CoA • Acetate units are activated for transfer to growing FA chain by conversion to malonylCoA • Decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA and reducing power of NADPH drive chain growth • Chain grows to 16-carbons (eight acetylCoA ...
... Fatty Acid Synthesis • Fatty acids are built from 2-C units derived from acetyl-CoA • Acetate units are activated for transfer to growing FA chain by conversion to malonylCoA • Decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA and reducing power of NADPH drive chain growth • Chain grows to 16-carbons (eight acetylCoA ...
10B-Oxidation and Ketone bodies
... 5-elongation of F.A is stopped at C16 and further elongation or insertion of double bonds are carried by other enzyme systems. * Large proportion of F.A used in the body is supplied by diet excess CHO and protein are converted into F.A. - F.A are synthesized mainly in liver and lacting mammary gland ...
... 5-elongation of F.A is stopped at C16 and further elongation or insertion of double bonds are carried by other enzyme systems. * Large proportion of F.A used in the body is supplied by diet excess CHO and protein are converted into F.A. - F.A are synthesized mainly in liver and lacting mammary gland ...
Phosphoketolase pathway dominates in
... to funnel carbohydrates into the common three-carbon intermediate stage of glycolysis. In general, homofermentative LAB convert carbohydrates into lactate using the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP), whereas heterofermentative LAB produce lactate, ethanol, and carbon dioxide using the phosphoketolase pa ...
... to funnel carbohydrates into the common three-carbon intermediate stage of glycolysis. In general, homofermentative LAB convert carbohydrates into lactate using the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP), whereas heterofermentative LAB produce lactate, ethanol, and carbon dioxide using the phosphoketolase pa ...
Lecture 27
... N-acetylglutamate is synthesized from glutamate and acetylCoA by N-acetylglutamate synthase, it is hydrolyzed by a specific hydrolase. Rate of urea production is dependent on [N-acetylglutamate]. When aa breakdown rates increase, excess nitrogen must be excreted. This results in increase in Glu thro ...
... N-acetylglutamate is synthesized from glutamate and acetylCoA by N-acetylglutamate synthase, it is hydrolyzed by a specific hydrolase. Rate of urea production is dependent on [N-acetylglutamate]. When aa breakdown rates increase, excess nitrogen must be excreted. This results in increase in Glu thro ...
2 - Pleasantville High School
... Plants normally lose water from openings (stomates) in their leaves. The water loss typically occurs during daylight hours when plants are exposed to the Sun. This water loss, known as transpiration, is both beneficial and harmful to plants. Scientists believe wind and high temperatures increase the ...
... Plants normally lose water from openings (stomates) in their leaves. The water loss typically occurs during daylight hours when plants are exposed to the Sun. This water loss, known as transpiration, is both beneficial and harmful to plants. Scientists believe wind and high temperatures increase the ...
Fatty Acid Synthesis
... drinking 3 bottles of vodka and 6 bottles of wine per week. When she discontinued alcohol, her triglycerides dropped to 2 mM and her cholesterol to 193 mg/dL. Three years later, she is your patient, presenting with an enlarged liver and high blood lipid levels. Liver biopsy indicated infiltration of ...
... drinking 3 bottles of vodka and 6 bottles of wine per week. When she discontinued alcohol, her triglycerides dropped to 2 mM and her cholesterol to 193 mg/dL. Three years later, she is your patient, presenting with an enlarged liver and high blood lipid levels. Liver biopsy indicated infiltration of ...
Vocabulary
... 8. Which has more energy, ADP or ATP? Why? 9. Why is reduction so important in cellular reactions? 10. What molecules in photosynthesis/cellular respiration undergo oxidation? Reduction? 11. What are photosystems? How are they involved in electron transport systems in ...
... 8. Which has more energy, ADP or ATP? Why? 9. Why is reduction so important in cellular reactions? 10. What molecules in photosynthesis/cellular respiration undergo oxidation? Reduction? 11. What are photosystems? How are they involved in electron transport systems in ...
AP BIO REVIEW ~ UNIT 1 BIOCHEMISTRY
... **You must be able to recognize the structures of these compounds – study the pictures! 1. CARBOHYDRATES Used by the cells of the body - in energy-producing reactions - as structural materials Classified into 3 groups according to the number of sugar (saccharide) molecules: 1) Monsaccharide: “si ...
... **You must be able to recognize the structures of these compounds – study the pictures! 1. CARBOHYDRATES Used by the cells of the body - in energy-producing reactions - as structural materials Classified into 3 groups according to the number of sugar (saccharide) molecules: 1) Monsaccharide: “si ...
Balancing Redox Cofactor Generation and ATP Synthesis: Key
... ABSTRACT: Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a Gram-positive, thermophilic bacterium capable of ethanologenic fermentation of both C5 and C6 sugars and may have possible use for commercial bioethanol production [Tang et al., 2009; Taylor et al. (2009) Trends Biotechnol 27(7): 398–405]. Little is kno ...
... ABSTRACT: Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius is a Gram-positive, thermophilic bacterium capable of ethanologenic fermentation of both C5 and C6 sugars and may have possible use for commercial bioethanol production [Tang et al., 2009; Taylor et al. (2009) Trends Biotechnol 27(7): 398–405]. Little is kno ...
Glycolysis
Glycolysis (from glycose, an older term for glucose + -lysis degradation) is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy compounds ATP (adenosine triphosphate) and NADH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide).Glycolysis is a determined sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions. The intermediates provide entry points to glycolysis. For example, most monosaccharides, such as fructose and galactose, can be converted to one of these intermediates. The intermediates may also be directly useful. For example, the intermediate dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) is a source of the glycerol that combines with fatty acids to form fat.Glycolysis is an oxygen independent metabolic pathway, meaning that it does not use molecular oxygen (i.e. atmospheric oxygen) for any of its reactions. However the products of glycolysis (pyruvate and NADH + H+) are sometimes disposed of using atmospheric oxygen. When molecular oxygen is used in the disposal of the products of glycolysis the process is usually referred to as aerobic, whereas if the disposal uses no oxygen the process is said to be anaerobic. Thus, glycolysis occurs, with variations, in nearly all organisms, both aerobic and anaerobic. The wide occurrence of glycolysis indicates that it is one of the most ancient metabolic pathways. Indeed, the reactions that constitute glycolysis and its parallel pathway, the pentose phosphate pathway, occur metal-catalyzed under the oxygen-free conditions of the Archean oceans, also in the absence of enzymes. Glycolysis could thus have originated from chemical constraints of the prebiotic world.Glycolysis occurs in most organisms in the cytosol of the cell. The most common type of glycolysis is the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP pathway), which was discovered by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and Jakub Karol Parnas. Glycolysis also refers to other pathways, such as the Entner–Doudoroff pathway and various heterofermentative and homofermentative pathways. However, the discussion here will be limited to the Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas pathway.The entire glycolysis pathway can be separated into two phases: The Preparatory Phase – in which ATP is consumed and is hence also known as the investment phase The Pay Off Phase – in which ATP is produced.↑ ↑ 2.0 2.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑